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📖 Chapter1 - Biolex 學習卡片

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martin

1
n.燕科小鳥(如岩燕、雨燕)
a small Eurasian bird (Delichon urbica) of the swallow family with a forked tail, bluish-black head and back, and white rump and underparts
"Ah, Captain Fox," Martin McGuinness said affably. "Nice to see you again."
“啊,福剋斯上尉,”馬丁·麥吉尼斯親切地說,“很高興再次見到您。”

partition

2
n.劃分,分開; 分割; 隔離物; 隔牆vt.分開,隔開; 區分; 分割
the action of parting : the state of being parted : division
...new offices divided only by glass partitions...
隻用玻璃隔闆隔開的新辦公室

matrix

3
n.<數>矩陣; 模型; 基質; 母體,子宮
something within or from which something else originates, develops, or takes form
...the matrix of their culture.
他們文明的搖籃

intracellular

4
adj.<生>細胞內的
existing, occurring, or functioning within a cell
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a system of intracellular membranes.
肌漿網屬於細胞內膜係統.

york

5
vt.(闆球)使擊球員齣局
Alvin Cullum 1887—1964 American soldier
That would increase Olympia & York's holding to 35%.
那樣就會使奧林匹亞約剋公司的股份上升到35%。

stimuli

6
n.刺激; 刺激物; 促進因素(stimulus的復數形式); 小尖刺
something that rouses or incites to activity: such as
It is through our nervous system that we adapt ourselves to our environment and to all external stimuli.
我們是通過神經係統使自己適應環境及所有外部刺激的。

understood

7
v.懂,理解( understand的過去式和過去分詞 ); 瞭解; 默認; 聽說
fully apprehended
You have not understood; allow me to elucidate.
你沒理解, 讓我解釋一下.

interpretable

8
adj.能說明的,能翻譯的,可判斷的
to explain or tell the meaning of : present in understandable terms
Not interpretable or recognized in the system in which it occurs.
在所在的係統中是不可解釋的或不能識彆的.

physic

9
n.醫學,醫術,瀉藥vt.給…服藥,治愈
the art or practice of healing disease
Temperance is the best physic.
節欲是最好的藥品.

sperm

10
n.精子; 精液; 鯨蠟油
semen
Conception occurs when a single sperm fuses with an egg...
當一個精子和一個卵子結閤時受孕就發生瞭。

macro

11
n.[自]宏指令; 巨(計算機術語)
being large, thick, or exceptionally prominent
...coordinated programmes of regulation of the economy both at the macro level and at the micro level.
宏觀與微觀手段相協調的經濟調控計劃

organized

12
adj.有組織的,有條理的v.組織( organize的過去式)
having a formal organization to coordinate and carry out activities
...organised groups of art thieves.
有組織的藝術品盜竊團夥

apex

13
n.頂; <喻>頂峰; <美><礦>脈尖; 尖端
the uppermost point : vertex
She reached the apex of her academic achievements at the age of 40.
她在40歲時達到瞭學術成就的巔峰。

related

14
adj.相關的; 有親屬關係的; 同類的
connected by reason of an established or discoverable relation
The philosophical problems of chance and of free will are closely related.
或然性和自由意誌這兩個哲學問題是緊密相關的。

osmotic

15
adj.滲透的,滲透性的
of, relating to, caused by, or having the properties of osmosis
An osmotic mutant of Neurospora was permeable to polymers of molecular weight 18500.
脈孢殼屬的滲透突變體能透過分子量為18500的聚閤物.

equilibrium

16
n.平衡,均勢; 平靜
a state of intellectual or emotional balance : poise
Stocks seesawed ever lower until prices found some new level of equilibrium...
股票在震蕩中進一步下跌,直到股價達到某個新的平衡點。

gelada

17
n.狒狒; 獅尾狒狒
a large long-haired chiefly herbivorous monkey (Theropithecus gelada) of Ethiopia that feeds especially on grasses and resembles the related baboon —called also gelada
These summits, nearly three miles up, are home to some very remarkable mountaineers: Gelada baboons.
這些峰頂約三哩高, 居住著非常卓越的登山傢: 衣索比亞狒狒.

markedly

18
adv.顯著地; 引人注目地
having an identifying mark
There has been a marked increase in crimes against property...
侵財案件明顯增加瞭。

lineage

19
n.血統,世係
descent in a line from a common progenitor
They can trace their lineage directly back to the 18th century.
他們的世係可以直接追溯到18世紀。

inversely

20
adv.相反地
in an inverse order or manner
Pressure varies directly with temperature and inversely with volume.
壓力隨溫度成正比例變化,與容積成反比例變化.

linkage

21
n.聯係,連鎖,聯動,連接; 鏈係,聯動裝置; <電>耦閤,磁鏈,匝連; <化>鍵閤
the manner or style of being united: such as
No one disputes the direct linkage between the unemployment rate and crime...
誰都不會質疑失業率與犯罪之間存在直接聯係。

tetrahedral

22
adj.有四麵的,四麵體的
being a polyhedral angle with four faces
Only a fraction of the A ions are in tetrahedral sites.
隻有一部分A離子處在四麵體的位置上.

underlie

23
vt.位於或存在於(某物)之下; 構成…的基礎(或起因); [經]構成優先於…的財政要求
to lie or be situated under
These ideas underlie much of his work.
他的作品大部分都是以這些主題思想為基礎。

planar

24
adj.平麵的,平坦的
of, relating to, or lying in a plane
The nonlinearity between SMA wires resistance and temperature displacement control of planar bending ESMAAs inaccurate.
SMA電阻與溫度存在嚴重的非綫性,導緻平麵彎麯型ESMAA位置控製精度較低.

organizational

25
adj.組織的; 編製的
of or relating to an organization : involving organization
This problem needs to be dealt with at an organizational level.
這個問題需要在機構層麵上解決。

posse

26
n.地方武裝團隊; 一隊; 民防團
a large group often with a common interest
...a posse of reporters...
一群記者

nitrate

27
n.硝酸鹽; 硝酸根; 硝酸鹽類化肥; 硝酸酯
a salt or ester of nitric acid
High levels of nitrate occur in eastern England because of the heavy use of fertilizers.
英格蘭東部因大量使用化肥導緻土壤硝酸鹽濃度過高。

respectively

28
adv.各自地; 各個地; 分彆地
in the order given
Their sons, Ben and Jonathan, were three and six respectively...
他們的兒子,本和喬納森,分彆是3歲和6歲。

dalton

29
n.道爾頓(質量單位)
atomic mass unit —used chiefly in biochemistry
Bud turned the truck around, and started back for Dalton Pond.
巴德把卡車掉頭,開始返迴多爾頓池。

alanine

30
n.丙氨酸
a simple nonessential crystalline amino acid C3H7NO2
Alanine appears to be the preferred amino acid in the transamination.
丙氨酸在轉氨作用中似乎是更好的氨基酸.

bacteriophage

31
n.噬菌體
a virus that infects bacteria : phage
Bacteriophage has been used to treat bacterial infections since it was discovered.
噬菌體自發現之初就被人們應用於治療各種細菌感染.

mosaic

32
n.馬賽剋; 鑲嵌圖案; 鑲嵌工藝; [植]花葉病
a surface decoration made by inlaying small pieces of variously colored material to form pictures or patterns; also : the process of making it
...a Roman villa which once housed a fine collection of mosaics...
曾收藏有一批精美的馬賽剋鑲嵌畫的羅馬彆墅

biosynthesis

33
n.生物閤成
the production of a chemical compound by a living organism
Little work has been done on amino sugar biosynthesis.
在氨基糖生物閤成方麵,工作做得很少.

poly

34
n.工藝學校; 聚酯縴維abbr.聚乙烯(全稱polyethylene)
a polymerized plastic or something made of this; especially : a polyester fiber, fabric, or garment
...theatre design students from Birmingham Poly.
來自伯明翰工藝專科學院的劇場設計專業學生

hierarchical

35
adj.按等級劃分的,等級(製度)的; 分層的
of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy
...the traditional hierarchical system of military organization.
軍事組織內傳統的等級製度

entity

36
n.實體; 獨立存在體
being, existence; especially : independent, separate, or self-contained existence
...the earth as a living entity...
作為一個有生命的實體的地球

uniquely

37
adv.獨特地,唯一地,珍奇地
being the only one : sole
Because of the extreme cold, the Antarctic is a uniquely fragile environment.
極度嚴寒造成瞭南極地區絕無僅有的脆弱環境。

explicitly

38
adv.明白地,明確地,明顯地
in an explicit manner : clearly and without any vagueness or ambiguity
She has been talking very explicitly about AIDS to these groups.
她一直都在非常坦誠地和這些群體談論艾滋病問題。

biologically

39
adv.生物學上
of or relating to biology or to life and living processes
It is one of the world's most biologically diverse regions.
這是世界上最富生物多樣性的地區之一.

sequential

40
adj.按次序的,相繼的,構成連續鏡頭的; 時序; 序貫
of, relating to, or arranged in a sequence : serial
...the sequential story of the universe...
宇宙的變遷史

repetitive

41
adj.重復的,囉嗦的; 復唱的
repetitious
...factory workers who do repetitive jobs...
從事重復性工作的工廠工人

polypeptide

42
n.多肽; 縮多氨酸
a molecular chain of amino acids
Proteins are complex macromolecules made up of one of more polypeptide chains.
蛋白質是復雜的大分子,由一條或幾條多肽鏈組成.

intramolecular

43
adj.作用[存在,發生]於分子內的
existing or acting within the molecule; also : formed by reaction between different parts of the same molecule
The reaction is intramolecular and hence fast and clean.
此反應屬分子內反應,因而快速且乾淨利索.

kinetic

44
adj.運動的,活躍的,能動的,有力的; [物]動力(學)的,運動的
of or relating to the motion of material bodies and the forces and energy associated therewith
Kinetic art often incorporates movement to engage the viewer's senses.
動能藝術常常融入運動元素以調動觀者的感官。

impart

45
vt.給予; 告知,透露; 傳授
to give, convey, or grant from or as if from a store
His production of Harold Pinter's play fails to impart a sense of excitement or danger.
他所執導的哈羅德·品特的劇作沒能錶現齣緊張、危險感。

repulsive

46
adj.令人厭惡的; 相斥的; 可憎的
serving or able to repulse
...repulsive fat white slugs.
讓人惡心的白白胖胖的鼻涕蟲

coalesce

47
vi.聯閤,閤並
to grow together
His sporting and political interests coalesced admirably in his writing about climbing.
他在寫登山的文章中,把自己對體育和政治的興趣完美地結閤瞭起來。

oppositely

48
adv.相對地,對立地
set over against something that is at the other end or side of an intervening line or space
Oppositely, I think the AD of Dumex powdered milk is a perfect originality.
通過一塊蛋糕, 9個小朋友分享來說明喝多美滋奶粉的小朋友既聰明又有愛心.

specificity

49
n.特異性,特徵,種彆性; 種特性
the quality or condition of being specific: such as
Massage may help to increase blood flow to specific areas of the body...
按摩有助於增加身體特定部位的血液流量。

longer

50
adj.比較久的; (距離,長度)長的( long的比較級 ); 長時間的; (因忙或不愉快等)似乎比實際時間長的; 長音的
extending for a considerable distance
If you build more plastics into cars, the car lasts longer.
如果汽車采用更多塑料元件,壽命會更長一些。

approximation

51
n.近似(值); 類似事物
the act or process of drawing together
Clearly that's an approximation, but my guess is there'll be a reasonable balance.
很明顯那是個粗略的估計,但我猜會有一筆不少的餘額。

metabolite

52
n.代謝物
a product of metabolism
This metabolite appeared identical to one obtained from mosquito larvage exposed to isobenzan.
這種代謝物似乎同從暴露到碳氯靈的蚊幼蟲所得到的一種物質一樣.

interplay

53
n.相互作用
interaction
...the personal interplay between great entertainers and a live public.
演藝巨星與現場觀眾之間的直接互動

spontaneously

54
adv.自然地,自發地,不由自主地; 不禁; 油然
proceeding from natural feeling or native tendency without external constraint
He was never spontaneously warm or friendly towards us.
他從未自然而然地對我們錶示過熱情或友好。

denaturation

55
n.改變本性,變性
dehumanize
This change is considered to be due to denaturation of the enzyme.
據認為這種變化是由於酶的變性作用造成的.

proceeds

56
n.(買賣等的)收入,收益v.進行( proceed的第三人稱單數 ); 前進; (沿特定路綫)行進; (尤指打斷後)繼續說
the total amount brought in
Light proceeds from the sun.
光來自太陽.

catalyze

57
vt.催化,促進
to bring about the catalysis of (a chemical reaction)
Any unexpected circumstance that arises may catalyze a sudden escalation of violence.
任何突如其來的情況都可能造成暴力驟然升級。

combustion

58
n.燃燒,燒毀; 氧化; 騷動
an act or instance of burning
The energy is released by combustion on the application of a match...
火柴點燃後在燃燒過程中釋放能量。

citric

59
adj.檸檬的,采自檸檬的
a tricarboxylic acid C6H8O7 occurring in cellular metabolism, obtained especially from lemon and lime juices or by fermentation of sugars, and used chiefly as a flavoring
Citric acid can be extracted from the juice of oranges, lemons, limes or grapefruit.
檸檬酸可以從橙汁、檸檬汁、酸橙汁或者柚子汁中提取。

oxidative

60
adj.氧化的,具有氧化特性的
the act or process of oxidizing
Oxidant refers to that group of compounds in the air highly oxidative.
氧化劑指的是在空氣中高度氧化性質的一組化閤物.

calorimeter

61
n.熱量計; 測熱計
an apparatus for measuring quantities of absorbed or emitted heat or for determining specific heats
Their compatibilities had been studied by Differential Scanning Calorimeter ( DSC ) .
用示差掃描量熱法(DSC ) 對共混乳液和接枝復閤乳液的相容性進行錶徵.

embryonic

62
adj.胚芽的,胎兒的; 初期的
of or relating to an embryo
It is still in an embryonic stage.
它還處於萌芽階段.

phylogenetic

63
adj.係統發生的,動植物種類史的
of or relating to phylogeny
It meant the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of human adult behaviour.
它意指成年人行為的係統發育與個體發育的發展.

transplantation

64
n.移植; 移植法; 移居; 移民
to lift and reset (a plant) in another soil or situation
Bone marrow transplantation began 20 years ago.
骨髓移植開始於20年前。

parasitic

65
adj.寄生的; 寄生物的; 由寄生蟲引起的
of, relating to, or being a parasite: such as
Will global warming mean the spread of tropical parasitic diseases?
全球變暖是否意味著熱帶寄生蟲病會蔓延呢?

pathogenic

66
adj.引起疾病的
pathogenetic
Many of the pathogenic organisms may be encased in the particles.
許多緻病生物體可能被粒子所包圍.

intestinal

67
adj.腸的; 腸壁; 腸道細菌
affecting, occurring, or living in the intestine
A few other conditions are in high intestinal obstruction.
其它少數情況是高位腸梗阻.

baker

68
n.麵包師; 烤爐; 貝剋(姓氏)
a person who makes breads, cakes, pastries, etc.; specifically : someone who engages in baking as an occupation
I'm just stopping by the baker's.
我正要順便去趟麵包店。

membranous

69
adj.膜的,膜狀的
of, relating to, or resembling membrane
Others are born live , after struggling to break free from a membranous egg sac.
其餘的是衝破膜狀蛋囊而齣生的.

porous

70
adj.能穿透的,能滲透的; 有毛孔或氣孔的; 漏洞多的; 易穿過的
possessing or full of pores
Swimming is helpful for bones that are porous and weak.
遊泳有助於改善骨質疏鬆和骨骼脆弱。

helical

71
adj.螺鏇狀的; 螺綫
of, relating to, or having the form of a helix; broadly : spiral
In reality, helical springs symmetric pitch near both ends.
實際上彈簧兩端螺鏇角逐漸變小.

subunit

72
n.子[分,亞]組
a unit that is part of a larger unit : a subdivision of a unit
The 50 S ribosomal subunit: a view of peptide bond formation using RNA.
50S核糖體亞基: 利用RNA閤成肽鍵的觀點.

higher

73
adj.高高的; 高級的; 上級的; 高等的; 高的( high的比較級 ); 高尚的; 高地的; 高級的
rising or extending upward a great distance : taller than average, usual, or expected
...a higher diploma in hotel management.
酒店管理高級證書

propulsion

74
n.推進; 推進力
the action or process of propelling
Interest in jet propulsion was now growing at the Air Ministry.
航空部對噴氣推進的興趣正在增加。

unlimited

75
adj.無限的; 無數的; 過多的,過度的; 無條件的
lacking any controls : unrestricted
Unlimited access to the gym is included in your membership.
會員資格包含對健身房的不限次使用。

filamentous

76
adj.細絲狀的,縴維所成的,如絲的
a single thread or a thin flexible threadlike object, process, or appendage : such as
DNA filamentous fungi could be provided by the modified with benzyl chloride.
本文采用改進的氯化苄法,得到的DNA質量好、産量高,可以直接用於後續的基因操作.

disintegration

77
n.瓦解; 分裂; 崩潰; 〈物〉裂變
the act or process of disintegrating or the state of being disintegrated: such as
This defeat led to the disintegration of the empire.
這次戰敗導緻瞭帝國的瓦解.

lysis

78
n.<生>(細胞)溶解; 漸退
the gradual decline of a disease process (such as fever)
At high calcium concentration they fuse without lysis.
在鈣離子濃度高時,他們融閤而不解體.

replicative

79
adj.重復的,復製的
of, relating to, involved in, or characterized by replication
Objective To observe the replicative senescence - related beta - galactosidase activity in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ) cells.
目的觀察培養人視網膜色素上皮 ( RPE ) 細胞中復製衰老相關的β半乳糖苷酶活性.

propagation

80
n.傳播,傳輸,蔓延,擴展,波及深度; 〔生〕繁殖法,〔地〕傳導; 宣傳; 培養
the act or action of propagating: such as
If a plant has spotted or crinkled leaves, do not use it for propagation.
如果植物的葉子有斑點或者萎縮,就不要用來繁殖。

extracellular

81
adj.(位於或發生於)細胞外的
situated or occurring outside a cell or the cells of the body
Perhaps the simplest approach to extracellular digestion is that employed by saprophytes.
細胞外消化最簡單途徑也許是腐生生物所利用的方法.

selectively

82
adv.有選擇地
of, relating to, or characterized by selection : selecting or tending to select
This would have undermined our deliberate strategy of using trade selectively to encourage political autonomy.
這就會敗壞我們有選擇地利用貿易來鼓勵政治自治的深思熟慮的戰略.

permeable

83
adj.可滲透的,具滲透性的
capable of being permeated : penetrable; especially : having pores or openings that permit liquids or gases to pass through
A number of products have been developed which are permeable to air and water.
已開發齣許多可滲水透氣的産品。

hydrolytic

84
adj.水解的,産生水解(作用)的
a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water
The energy requirement for hydrolytic reactions is considered nil.
水解反應所需的能量被認為是零.

peroxide

85
n.過氧化氫; 過氧化物
a compound (such as hydrogen peroxide) in which oxygen is visualized as joined to oxygen
a man with peroxide white teeth
一個漂白牙齒的男人

stroma

86
n.基質
a compact mass of fungal hyphae producing perithecia or pycnidia
The ovarian follicles are embedded in the stroma of the cortex.
卵巢皮質的基質中有許多卵泡.

lumen

87
n.流明(光通量單位); [植物](管)腔
the cavity of a tubular organ or part
Each has an opening to the colonic lumen through a narrow neck.
每個憩室有一個窄的開口通嚮結腸腔.

array

88
n.一大批/群; 數列v.布置,排列
to dress or decorate especially in splendid or impressive attire : adorn
a stunning array of creativity
驚人的大量創意

biosynthetic

89
[醫]生物閤成的
the production of a chemical compound by a living organism
Two or more biosynthetic pathways may coexist in a single cell.
在同一細胞中可能同時存在兩條或更多條生物閤成途徑.

simpler

90
n.藥草采集者adj.簡單的( simple的比較級 ); 樸素的; 易受騙的; 自然的
free from guile : innocent
Back in Britain, things appear, on the surface, simpler.
而在英國國內,事情錶麵上看來要簡單一些。

cylinder

91
n.圓柱體; 圓筒狀物; (發動機)汽缸
the surface traced by a straight line moving parallel to a fixed straight line and intersecting a fixed planar closed curve
...a cylinder of foam...
泡沫橡膠圓柱體

pathway

92
n.路,道; 途徑,路徑
path, course
Richard was coming up the pathway.
理查德正沿著小路走過來。

estimation

93
n.評價,判斷; 估算
judgment, opinion
...estimations of pre-tax profits of £2.25 million.
估計稅前利潤達225萬英鎊

benjamin

94
n.貝加明延令草
a hundred dollar bill
I'll show it to Benjamin. He's bound to know.
我會把它給本傑明看,他肯定會知道。