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📖 Chapter11 - Biolex 學習卡片

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peptide

1
n.<生化>肽,縮氨酸
any of various amides that are derived from two or more amino acids by combination of the amino group of one acid with the carboxyl group of another and are usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of proteins
Throughout the world, other countries were rushing to approve Peptide 7 and obtain supplies.
在世界各地, 其它國傢也趕緊批準縮氨酸7號,並索取供貨.

orthogonal

2
adj.[數]直角的; 矩形的; 直交的; 互相垂直的
intersecting or lying at right angles
It can always be arranged that degenerate eigenfunctions are orthogonal.
總可以做到使得簡並的本徵函數是正交的.

resin

3
n.樹脂; 閤成樹脂; 鬆香
any of various solid or semisolid amorphous fusible flammable natural organic substances that are usually transparent or translucent and yellowish to brown, are formed especially in plant secretions, are soluble in organic solvents (such as ether) but not in water, are electrical nonconductors, and are used chiefly in varnishes, printing inks, plastics, and sizes and in medicine
The resin from which the oil is extracted comes from a small, tough tree.
用於提取這種油的樹脂取自於一種矮小堅韌的樹。

diploid

4
adj.雙重的,倍數的,雙倍的
having or involving two sets of homologous chromosomes
During the process of fertilization a zygote with the diploid set is produced.
通過受精作用使受精卵形成一個二倍體.

microscopic

5
adj.顯微鏡的; 用顯微鏡可看見的; 微小的; 細微的
resembling a microscope especially in perception
...microscopic fibres of protein.
極為微細的蛋白質縴維

optic

6
adj.眼睛的,視覺的; 光學的; 鏡片n.奧普蒂剋量杯(酒吧用以量烈性酒)
of or relating to vision or the eye
The reason for this is that the optic nerve is a part of the brain.
這其中的原因在於視神經是大腦的一部分。

luciferase

7
n.熒光素酶
an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of luciferin
The transcriptional activation activity of GR was evaluated through method of relative activity of luciferase.
相對熒光素酶活性法檢測gr轉錄激活功能的變化.

permanently

8
adv.永久地,長期不變地
in a permanent manner : in a way that continues without changing or ending : in a way that is not brief or temporary
Heavy drinking can cause permanent damage to the brain...
酗酒能造成永久性大腦損傷。

affective

9
adj.情感的,錶達感情的
relating to, arising from, or influencing feelings or emotions : emotional
affective responses
情感反應

venter

10
n.腹部; 胃; 子宮; 母
a wife or mother that is a source of offspring
Some leaders of the public project are happy to acknowledge Dr Venter's contribution.
公共項目的一些領導人倒是樂意承認溫特博士的貢獻.

inherently

11
adv.天性地,固有地
involved in the constitution or essential character of something : belonging by nature or habit : intrinsic
War is inherently a dirty business.
戰爭與生俱來就是骯髒的。

monolayer

12
n.單層
a single continuous layer or film that is one cell, molecule, or atom in thickness
A floating barrier separates a clean water surface from a water surface containing the monolayer.
一塊浮動隔闆將清潔的水麵與含單分子層的水錶麵隔開.

momentarily

13
adv.頃刻之間,<美>馬上,立刻
for a moment
She paused momentarily when she saw them.
看到他們,她停瞭片刻。

heterocyclic

14
adj.雜環的,不同環式的
relating to, characterized by, or being a ring composed of atoms of more than one kind
We have, therefore , in both of the examples above, heterocyclic compounds with " built - in " or latent functionality.
上述兩例中的雜環化閤物,都具有 “ 固有的 ” 或潛在的官能基.

nitro

15
n.<口>硝化甘油adj.含硝基的
containing or being the monovalent group NO2 united through nitrogen
Nitramines are substances which contain a nitro group bonded to nitrogen.
含有與氮原子相連的硝基的物質稱為硝胺.

copolymer

16
n.共聚物; 共多聚體
a product of copolymerization
Copolymer is where chemical combination exists in the main chain between two polymers.
共聚是兩種高聚物主鏈間的化學鍵聯接.

elongate

17
vt.延長,加長
to extend the length of
'Mom,' she intoned, elongating the word...
“媽媽,”她拖長瞭聲音,平靜地說道。

subset

18
n.子集
a set each of whose elements is an element of an inclusive set
...subsets of the population such as men, women, ethnic groups, etc.
男性、女性、種族等人口的細分

realign

19
v.重新排列,再結盟
to align again; especially : to reorganize or make new groupings of
She has, almost single-handedly, realigned British politics.
她幾乎是單槍匹馬一個人重整瞭英國政壇。

somatic

20
adj.肉體的,軀體的,身體的; 體壁
of, relating to, or affecting the body especially as distinguished from the germplasm
Somatic cells of angiosperms enter a regenerative phase and behave like embryos.
被子植物體細胞進入一個生殖階段,而且其行為象胚.

epigenetic

21
adj.外成的,具有外成性質的
of, relating to, or produced by the chain of developmental processes in epigenesis that lead from genotype to phenotype after the initial action of the genes
It includes epigenetic uranium impregnations in sandstone.
它意味著外生的鈾進入到沙岩中.

aromatic

22
adj.芳香的,有香味的; [化]芳香族的
of, relating to, or having aroma:
Aromatic spices enhance the flavor of many dishes.
芳香香料能提升許多菜肴的風味。

intercalation

23
n.置閏,插入; 閏期
to insert (something, such as a day) in a calendar
The preparation, characterization and application of intercalation material are summarized in this paper.
評述瞭高嶺石有機插層材料的製備方法 、 插層效果錶徵及應用的研究現狀.

crystallography

24
n.結晶學; 晶體學
a science that deals with the forms and structures of crystals
Real Programmers don't write in FORTRAN . FORTRAN is for pipe stress freaks and crystallography weenies.
真正的程序員絕不會朝9晚5的工作,如果你在早上9點看到一個程序員,那是因為他整晚沒睡.

nucleation

25
n.成核現象,晶核形成
to form into a nucleus : cluster
What determines a particle's potential for nucleation is its " critical supersaturation ".
粒子的 “ 臨界過飽和 ” 決定瞭它的成核潛力.

cesium

26
n.銫
a metallic chemical element that is the most electropositive element known and that is used in photoelectric cells, in atomic clocks, and as a component of drilling fluid
Otherwise cesium tetrachloroiodide may be formed.
不然可能形成四氯碘化銫.

torsional

27
adj.扭力的,扭轉的
the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of forces tending to turn one end or part about a longitudinal axis while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction; also : the state of being twisted
Torsional microslip at the clamps results in spurious torques which act like pivot friction torques.
夾緊處扭杆的微小滑移會産生乾擾力矩,它的作用和軸頸的摩擦力矩一樣.

toroid

28
n.環形室,電子迴鏇加速器室adj.圓的,圓突的
a surface generated by a closed plane curve rotated about a line that lies in the same plane as the curve but does not intersect it
A toroid generated by a circle; a surface having the shape of a doughnut.
'環'.''麵,環形圓紋麯麵圓圈形成的超''.'環'.''麵; 具有炸麵''.'圈'. ''一樣形狀的錶麵.

looser

29
adj.鬆的( loose的比較級 ); 不精確的; 自由的; 疏鬆的
not rigidly fastened or securely attached
But of late his bonds were looser.
不過最近綁帶比較鬆瞭.

rejoin

30
vt.重新加入; 重返; 再迴答; 與…再會閤vi.重新會閤; 重新接閤; 答辯,迴答
to answer the replication of the plaintiff
The Prime Minister of Fiji has said Fiji is in no hurry to rejoin the Commonwealth...
斐濟總理稱斐濟並不急於重返共同體。

spool

31
vt.把…繞在捲軸上; 纏繞
a cylindrical device which has a rim or ridge at each end and an axial hole for a pin or spindle and on which material (such as thread, wire, or tape) is wound
a spool of wire
一捲電綫

luger

32
<德>魯格爾(德國造半自動手槍的商標名) (luger )魯格爾手槍
a small sled that is ridden in a supine position and used especially in competition; also : the competition itself
You have reached the desk of Sergeant Wes Luger.
你已經到瞭警官費斯魯格爾的辦公室.

elusive

33
adj.難以捉摸的; 不易記住的; 逃避的; 難以找到的
tending to elude: such as
Sarah, as elusive as a shadow, vanished into the night.
莎拉像影子一樣難以捉摸,消失在夜色中。

radially

34
adv.放射狀地
arranged or having parts arranged like rays
The continuum of the corona is essentially radially polarized.
日冕連續區基本上是經嚮偏振.

chromatid

35
n.染色單體
one of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere
METHODSTo determine the sister chromatid exchanges SCE of chronic alcoholism patients by peripheral blood culture.
應用外周全血淋巴細胞培養方法檢測慢性酒精中毒患者淋巴細胞姐妹染色單體交換率.

trichloroacetic

36
三氯乙酰
a strong vesicant pungent acid C2Cl3HO2 used in weed control and in medicine as a caustic and astringent
Three possible processes to synthesize trichloroacetic chloride was evaluated based on the yieldequipment and operation.
本文介紹瞭三氯乙酰氯的閤成方法及其在農藥閤成中的應用.

trivalent

37
adj.三價的
having a chemical valence of three
Chromium is widely distributed in nature, organisms mainly trivalent form of chromium.
鉻在自然界中廣泛分布, 生物體中主要以三價鉻的形式存在.

rhodopsin

38
n.視紫質,視網膜紫質
a red photosensitive pigment in the retinal rods of the eye of most vertebrates that is important in vision in dim light —called also visual purple
Because of the structural similarity to rhodopsin, bacteriorhodopsin is characterized by some visual response properties.
細菌視紫紅質在結構上與視紫紅質的相似性使其具有某些視覺響應特性.

hindrance

39
n.阻礙,妨礙; 障礙物; 起妨礙作用的人
the state of being interfered with, held back, or slowed down : the state of being hindered
They boarded their flight to Paris without hindrance.
他們順利地登上瞭飛往巴黎的航班。

quaternary

40
n.四,四個一組adj.第四組中的組成部分,四進製的
of, relating to, or consisting of four units or members
Cationics are usually quaternary ammomium salts.
陽離子錶麵活性劑通常為季銨鹽類.

atop

41
prep. 在…頂上
on, to, or at the top
The moon shines atop the mountain.
月亮在山頂上閃耀。

multiplex

42
n.多廳影院,多劇場影劇院; 多路
many, multiple
Switching configuration required ( for example, multiplex, matrix, etc. ).
所需要的切換配置 ( 例如, 復用器 、 矩陣等 ).

mitten

43
n.連指手套; 露指手套
a covering for the hand and wrist having a separate section for the thumb only
This paper analyzed abnomml pink and yellowish brown hatching eggs of Chinese mitten crab , Edriocheir sinensis.
本文對中華絨螯蟹抱卵顔色為異常的粉紅色與上黃色進行瞭分析.

wang

44
n.王,王安電腦公司[地名] [德國] 旺格
1883—1944 Chinese politician
"No," Wang Fu said bashfully.
“不。”王福靦腆地說。

fruitful

45
adj.富有成效的; 富饒的
yielding or producing fruit
We had a long, happy, fruitful relationship.
我們有過一段長久、愉快、雙方都獲益良多的關係。

embodiment

46
n.(品質、思想的)典型; 化身
one that embodies something
She is the embodiment of the modern independent woman.
她是現代獨立女性的典範。

cleave

47
v.劈開; 緊貼; 迅速穿過; 信守
to adhere firmly and closely or loyally and unwaveringly
(figurative)Her heart was cleft with sorrow and regret.
她的心因悲傷和悔恨而破碎。

artificially

48
adv.人工地; 人為地; 不自然地; 做作地
made, produced, or done by humans especially to seem like something natural : man-made
The gadget is used to artificially inseminate cows.
這個器具被用來為母牛實施人工授精。

residue

49
n.殘餘,殘渣; 餘渣,殘餘物; [法]剩餘財産; [林]廢材
something that remains after a part is taken, separated, or designated or after the completion of a process : remnant, remainder: such as
Always using the same shampoo means that a residue can build up on the hair.
總是用同一種洗發水就意味著某種殘留物會在頭發上越積越多。

proofread

50
vt.校正; 校對; 校勘vi.做校對工作
to read and mark corrections in (something, such as a proof)
I didn't even have the chance to proofread my own report.
我甚至沒有機會校對自己的報告。

correction

51
n.批改,修改; 懲罰
the action or an instance of correcting: such as
...jails and other parts of the correction system.
監獄和其他懲治改造機構

incorporated

52
adj.<美>股份有限的,組成公司的v.組成公司( incorporate的過去式和過去分詞 ); 包含; 使混閤; 使具體化
united in one body
...MCA Incorporated.
MCA 股份有限公司

infrequent

53
adj.稀少的; 罕見的
seldom happening or occurring : rare
...John's infrequent visits to London.
約翰僅有的幾次倫敦之行

detector

54
n.探測器; 檢測器; 發現者; 偵察器
one that detects: such as
...a metal detector.
金屬探測器

quantification

55
n.量(化); 以數量錶示
the operation of quantifying
Others are more susceptible to attempts at quantification.
其他人更容易傾嚮於加以量化的做法。

shorter

56
adj.短的( short的比較級 ); 不夠; 短缺的; 短期的
having little length
The car is some 40mm shorter than its predecessor.
這輛轎車比原先的車型短瞭約40毫米。

adenosine

57
n.腺苷
a nucleoside C10H13N5O4 that is a constituent of RNA and yields adenine and ribose on hydrolysis
Muscle contractions are powered by the chemical adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).
肌肉收縮是由化學物質三磷酸腺苷 ( ATP ) 提供動力的.

firefly

58
n.螢火蟲
any of various winged nocturnal beetles (especially family Lampyridae) that produce a bright soft intermittent light by oxidation of luciferin especially for courtship purposes
We can capture a butterfly, at night can capture a firefly!
我們可以捉蝴蝶, 在晚上還可以捉螢火蟲呢!

clonal

59
adj.無性(繁殖)係的,無性(繁殖)係般的
the aggregate of genetically identical cells or organisms asexually produced by or from a single progenitor cell or organism
In the Northwest, they are being planted by hedgerow on seedling roots, clonal and dwarfing stocks.
在西北部地區用灌木樹籬把它接在實生砧 、 無性砧及矮化砧上.

reconstruction

60
n.重建; 再現; 重建物; 復原物
the action of reconstructing : the act or process of rebuilding, repairing, or restoring something
...America's part in the post-war reconstruction of Germany.
美國在戰後德國重建中的作用

sequencer

61
n.音序器
one that sequences: such as
Sequence of acidic bovine neuropeptide 1 ( ABNP 1 ) was carried out on PE ABI 491 A Model Protein Sequencer.
用PE?ABI491A型蛋白測序儀對酸性牛神經肽1 ( ABNP?1 ) 進行瞭測序研究.

semiconductor

62
n.<物>半導體
any of a class of solids (such as germanium or silicon) whose electrical conductivity is between that of a conductor and that of an insulator in being nearly as great as that of a metal at high temperatures and nearly absent at low temperatures
The company is a leading professionalized power semiconductor parts enterprise.
該企業是中國大功率半導體器件專業化重點生産企業.

uncertainty

63
n.無把握,不確定; 不可靠; 不確實知道,半信半疑; 無把握、不確定的事物
the quality or state of being uncertain : doubt
Uncertainty surrounds the outcome of the negotiations.
談判的結果充滿瞭不確定性。

digitally

64
adv.數字
of, relating to, or utilizing devices constructed or working by the methods or principles of electronics : electronic; also : characterized by electronic and especially computerized technology
All the tracks have been digitally remastered from the original tapes.
所有的麯子都已經從原始錄音帶轉錄到瞭數碼母帶上。

phosphine

65
n.磷化氫,三氫化磷
any of various derivatives of phosphine analogous to amines but weaker as bases
Phosphine is a toxic gas which ignites spontaneously in air.
磷化氫是一種有毒氣體,在空氣中可以自燃.

blocked

66
adj.封鎖的,閉塞的,聯鎖的v.堵塞( block的過去式和過去分詞 ); 阻礙; 設計(電視錄像的攝像鏡頭布局); [球類](閤法)阻擋(對手)
affected by a psychological block
Our cars get blocked in and we can't leave for ages.
我們的車被堵在裏麵,要等很久纔能走。

conductance

67
n.電導; 電導係數; 導率; 氣傳導率
conducting power
First and most obvious is it's high thermal conductance.
熱管散熱器就是這一方麵的一個很好的典型.

subtly

68
adv.微妙地; 敏銳地; 狡猾地
delicate, elusive
What I've tried very subtly to do is to reclaim language.
我費盡心機在做的就是改造、拯救語言。

reliably

69
adv.可靠地,確實地
suitable or fit to be relied on : dependable
Sonia, we are reliably informed, loves her family very much.
我們從可靠的消息來源獲知索尼婭非常愛自己的傢人。

vaccinia

70
n.牛痘
a poxvirus (species Vaccinia virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus) that differs from but is closely related to the viruses causing smallpox and cowpox and that includes a strain used in making vaccines against smallpox
The new law vaccinia vaccine inoculation, this is a Western project.
新法接種牛痘疫苗, 本是西醫的項目.

mitochondrial

71
綫粒體的
any of various round or long cellular organelles of most eukaryotes that are found outside the nucleus, produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause a wide range of disorders.
綫粒體DNA突變,可以引發多種病變.

variola

72
n.天花,痘癥; 痘瘡
smallpox; also : its causative poxvirus (species Variola virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus)
Smallpox ( or variola ): One of the world's most dreaded plagues before 1977.
天花: 1977年以前世界上最恐怖的瘟疫之一.

nematode

73
n.綫蟲類
any of a phylum (Nematoda or Nemata) of elongated cylindrical worms parasitic in animals or plants or free-living in soil or water —called also roundworm
Nematode damage to the soybean roots is characterized by coarse roots.
綫蟲破壞大豆根係的特徵是:根係粗糙.

bryophyte

74
n.苔蘚類的植物
any of a division (Bryophyta) of nonflowering plants comprising the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Protonema ( pl . protonemata ) The young bryophyte gametophyte that develops following spore germination.
苔蘚植物中直接由孢子萌發形成的結構稱為原絲體.

nonvascular

75
[醫]非血管性的
not vascular: such as
Nonvascular approach is a very important therapy for solid tumor interventional treatment.
實體腫瘤的非血管內介入治療是腫瘤介入治療的重要方法之一.

dystrophy

76
n.營養不良
a condition produced by faulty nutrition
Clinical for muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, motor neuron disease, as atrophy disease syringomyelia.
臨床用於肌肉萎縮 、 重癥肌無力 、 肌營養不良 、 肌炎 、 運動神經元病 、 脊髓空洞癥等痿癥.

neurofibromatosis

77
n.神經縴維瘤病
a disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant and characterized especially by brown spots on the skin, neurofibromas of peripheral nerves, and deformities of subcutaneous tissue and bone
Neurofibromatosis is one of autosomal - dominant neurogenetic diseases with relatively low incidence.
神經縴維瘤病是一常染色體顯性遺傳性疾病,臨床上較為少見.

neuroblastoma

78
n.成神經細胞瘤
a malignant tumor formed of embryonic ganglion cells
RAR expression was stronger in unfavorable neuroblastoma.
在分化不良型神經母細胞瘤中的視黃酸受體錶達強度明顯高於分化良好型.

amyotrophic

79
[醫] 肌萎縮的
a rare progressive degenerative fatal disease affecting the motor neurons, usually beginning in middle age, and characterized especially by increasing and spreading muscular weakness and atrophy —abbreviation ALS—called also Lou Gehrig's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) involves upper neuron , lower neuron and corticospinal tract.
肌萎縮側索硬化 癥 纍及部位包括上 、 下運動神經元以及皮質脊髓束.

lateral

80
adj.側麵的; 橫嚮的; [語]邊音的n.側部的東西; 邊音
of or relating to the side
McKinnon estimated the lateral movement of the bridge to be between four and six inches.
麥金農估計大橋的側嚮移動介於4至6英寸之間。

sclerosis

81
n.<醫>硬化癥; [植物學] 硬化
pathological hardening of tissue especially from overgrowth of fibrous tissue or increase in interstitial tissue; also : a disease characterized by sclerosis
My dad was diagnosed with sclerosis in the prime of his life.
我的父親在年輕時被診斷齣患有多發性硬化癥.

obesity

82
n.肥胖,過胖; 肥胖癥
a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body
The tendency to become obese is at least in part hereditary...
發胖至少有一部分是源於遺傳。

binge

83
n.飲酒作樂; 狂飲,狂鬧; 放縱,狂熱; 社交集會vt.沉溺,放縱vi.狂飲作樂; 大吃大喝
an unrestrained and often excessive indulgence; especially : an act of excessive or compulsive consumption (as of food or alcoholic beverages)
She went on occasional drinking binges.
她偶爾會狂飲一通。

retardation

84
n.延遲; 留級; 製動; 光程差
an act or instance of retarding
Asbestos reinforcement confers excellent flame retardation properties on a composite.
石棉增強材料使復閤材料具有優異的防火性能.

schizophrenia

85
n.[醫]精神分裂癥; 矛盾
a mental illness that is characterized by disturbances in thought (such as delusions), perception (such as hallucinations), and behavior (such as disorganized speech or catatonic behavior), by a loss of emotional responsiveness and extreme apathy, and by noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life
Objective : To explore the relationship between polymorphism cytochrome P 4502 D 6 ( CYP 2 D 6 ) gene and schizophrenia in Chinese.
目的: 探測精神分裂癥與細胞色素P4502D6基因多態性關係.

bipolar

86
adj.有兩極的,雙極的,兩極世界的
having or marked by two mutually repellent forces or diametrically opposed natures or views
In the 1960 s the IC market was broadly on bipolar transistors.
六十年代集成電路市場主要為雙極型晶體管.

manic

87
adj.<醫>躁狂的,患躁狂病的; 瘋狂的
affected with, relating to, characterized by, or resulting from mania
He was really manic...
他真的瘋瞭一般。

collaborative

88
adj.閤作的,協作的
to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor
...a collaborative research project...
協作研究項目

recognizable

89
adj.可識彆的; 可認識的; 可承認的
to acknowledge formally: such as
The body was found to be well preserved, his features easily recognizable...
屍體保存完好,他的容貌特徵清晰可辨。

evenly

90
adv.均勻地; 均等地; 平靜地
having a horizontal surface : flat
“I told you not to wait for me,” she said evenly.
“我告訴過你不要等我。”她平靜地說。

aerobic

91
adj.需氧的,有氧的; 有氧健身的,增氧健身法
living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen
Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and helps you to burn up the fat.
有氧運動加速心髒跳動,有助於消耗更多脂肪。

anaerobic

92
adj.厭氧菌的,厭氧菌産生的; (細菌等)能在無空氣(或無氧)情況下生活(或成長)的; 無氧
living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen
Anaerobic organisms thrive in oxygen-free environments.
厭氧生物在無氧環境中繁衍生息。