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📖 Chapter12 - Biolex 學習卡片

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smear

1
vt.塗抹,敷; 弄髒; 汙衊,詆毀; 〈俚〉徹底擊敗,摧毀n.汙跡,汙點; 黏稠物; (顯微鏡的)塗片; 誹謗,詆毀vi.被弄髒,變髒
a viscous or sticky substance
My sister smeared herself with suntan oil and slept by the swimming pool...
我姐姐在身上抹瞭防曬油,躺在遊泳池邊睡著瞭。

serum

2
n.<醫>血清,血漿; 漿液,樹液; 乳清
the watery, clear portion of an animal fluid:
Green Goblin is releasing a serum that will turn innocent civilians into mutant monsters.
綠色哥布林發布瞭血清,這將使無辜平民到突變怪物.

isopropyl

3
n.異丙基
the alkyl radical isomeric with straight-chain propyl —often used in combination
Under the optimum condition the yield of isopropyl cyclopropane carboxylate is 92 %.
在最佳反應條件下,環丙烷羧酸異丙酯的産率達92%.

inducible

4
adj.可誘導的,可導緻的
capable of being induced: such as
Until now,crop breeders have paid little attention to inducible resistance.
直到現在為止,作物培育者還很少注意誘導抗性。

insulin

5
n.胰島素
a protein pancreatic hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is essential especially for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood and that when insufficiently produced results in diabetes mellitus
In diabetes the body produces insufficient insulin.
糖尿病患者體內不能分泌足夠的胰島素。

chloramphenicol

6
n.氯黴素
a broad-spectrum antibiotic C11H12Cl2N2O5 isolated from cultures of a soil actinomycete (Streptomyces venezuelae) or prepared synthetically
Start her on I. V. Chloramphenicol, 25 milligrams per kilogram, four times a day.
給她靜脈注射每韆剋25毫剋的抗生素氯黴素, 每天四次.

chromatin

7
n.染色質; 核染質
a complex chiefly of DNA and histone in eukaryotic cells that is usually dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis and in which the nucleosome makes up its repeating subunits
The DNA of chromatin must replicate before cell division.
染色質DNA在細胞分裂之前必須復製.

knockout

8
n.擊昏,擊倒; 絕代佳人; <俚>轟動一時的東西; 淘汰賽adj.擊倒的,打倒的; 引人注目的; 使昏迷的; 迷人的
the act of knocking out : the condition of being knocked out
He delivered a knockout blow to all of his rivals.
他給所有對手以緻命一擊。

interfering

9
v.乾預( interfere的現在分詞 ); 調停; 妨礙; 乾涉adj.乾涉他人私生活的;管閑事的
to enter into or take a part in the concerns of others
When she was a child she had regarded her mother as an interfering busybody.
當她還是個孩子的時候,她覺得母親是個管事婆。

slicer

10
n.切薄片的機器,刨煤機; 開片機; 刨礦機; 切刀
to cut with or as if with a knife
He was regarded as possibly the best slicer in the business.
大傢公認他可能是業內最好的黑客.

associated

11
vi.聯係(associate的過去式和過去分詞); 聯盟; 陪伴adj.(用於聯閤企業的名稱)聯閤的; 有關聯的; 聯閤的
joined together often in a working relationship
the dangers associated with excessive drinking
與過度飲酒相關的危險

incapable

12
adj.無能力的,不會的; 不能的; [法]沒有資格的; 不舞之鶴
lacking capacity, ability, or qualification for the purpose or end in view: such as
He lost his job for allegedly being incapable.
據說他由於軟弱無能而丟掉瞭工作。

deficient

13
adj.不足的,缺乏的; 有缺陷的
lacking in some necessary quality or element
...deficient landing systems.
存在缺陷的降落係統

repertoire

14
n.全部節目; 全部本領; (計算機的)指令錶
a list or supply of dramas, operas, pieces, or parts that a company or person is prepared to perform
Meredith D'Ambrosio has thousands of songs in her repertoire.
梅雷迪思·丹布羅西奧會唱幾韆首歌麯。

hematopoietic

15
adj.造血的,生血的
the formation of blood or of blood cells in the living body
Bone marrow is hematopoietic tissue.
骨髓是生血組織.

mucus

16
n.粘液; (動植物的)黏液
a viscid slippery secretion that is usually rich in mucins and is produced by mucous membranes which it moistens and protects
It is impossibls to rehydrate a mucus globule once it has become dehyrated.
一旦已經脫水,粘液不可能再水化.

interchangeable

17
adj.可交換的; 可交替的; 可互換的
capable of being interchanged; especially : permitting mutual substitution
His greatest innovation was the use of interchangeable parts...
他最大的革新在於使用瞭可互換的零件。

registry

18
n.記錄,登記; 登記處,掛號處; 記錄簿; 船舶的國籍
registration, enrollment
It agreed to set up a central registry of arms sales.
它同意成立一個中央武器銷售登記處。

standardize

19
vt.使標準化; 用標準校檢
to bring into conformity with a standard especially in order to assure consistency and regularity
As the world becomes more complex, some things do, of course, standardize and globalize.
隨著世界變得日益復雜,某些事物確實理所當然地規範化和全球化瞭。

chassis

20
n.(車輛的)底盤; (飛機的)起落架; 炮底架; (無綫電、電視等的)底架
the supporting frame of a structure (such as an automobile or television); also : the frame and working parts (as of an automobile or electronic device) exclusive of the body or housing
It adopts carbon dioxide protection welding . Chassis is treated through shot blast. It has and firmness.
采用二氧化碳氣體掩護焊焊接. 車架經噴丸處理. 使車輛更美觀、堅忍、不容易用壞.

drinking

21
n.喝飲料,喝酒v.喝(酒)( drink的現在分詞 ); 飲; 喝酒; (尤指)酗酒
swallow, imbibe
Driving is not recommended after taking medication.
服藥後不建議駕駛。

arsenate

22
n.砒酸鹽,砷酸鹽
a salt or ester of an arsenic acid
It describes the test and operation of sulfate solution purification by antimony trioxide instead of arsenate.
介紹硫酸鋅溶液由砷鹽淨化改為銻鹽淨化的試驗及生産實踐情況.

acetyl

23
n.乙酰基,醋酸基
the radical CH3CO— of acetic acid —often used in combination
Sixteen flavanone - 7 - O - acetic acids, acetates, acetyl amino acidsand dipeptides derivatives were synthesized.
閤成16個黃烷酮 -7-O- 乙酸 、 乙酸酯 、 乙酰氨基酸和二肽衍生物.

wormwood

24
n.苦艾,苦惱; 萩; 蒿草
artemisia; especially : a European plant (Artemisia absinthium) that has silvery silky-haired leaves and drooping yellow flower heads and yields a bitter dark green oil used in absinthe
Ingredient: Agallochum leaves, wormwood , Herb of Balsamiferou Blumea, soy candle etc.
成分描述: 沉香葉 、 木香、艾納香 、 大豆蠟等.

precursor

25
n.前輩,前驅,先鋒,前任; 預兆,先兆,初期形式; [核]前驅波,初級粒子; 預報器
one that precedes and indicates the approach of another
Error is often the precursor of what is correct.
錯誤常常是正確的先導.

sickle

26
n.鐮刀; 收割機中的切割裝置
an agricultural implement consisting of a curved metal blade with a short handle fitted on a tang
Take the sickle which is lying on the grindstone.
把磨刀石上的那把鐮刀拿去.

sixth

27
n.(英國中學的最高年級)六年級; [樂]六度音程
one that is number six in a series
...the sixth round of the World Cup.
世界杯第六輪的比賽

hemoglobin

28
n.血紅素; 血紅蛋白
an iron-containing respiratory pigment of vertebrate red blood cells that consists of a globin composed of four subunits each of which is linked to a heme molecule, that functions in oxygen transport to the tissues after conversion to oxygenated form in the gills or lungs, and that assists in carbon dioxide transport back to the gills or lungs after surrender of its oxygen
Hemoglobin can also be cross - linked to solublepolymers to form so - called conjugated hemoglobin.
血紅蛋白也能交聯到水溶性多聚體上,形成 所謂 的共軛血紅蛋白.

clark

29
abbr.combat launch and recovery kit 戰鬥開始與防禦裝備
Champ1850—1921James Beauchamp Clark American politician
Sixties singing star Petula Clark is making a comeback.
60年代的歌星佩杜拉·剋拉剋復齣瞭。

synthesizer

30
n.閤成者,閤成物; 閤成器,綜閤器
one that synthesizes
Now he can only communicate through a voice synthesiser.
現在他隻能通過聲音閤成器與人溝通。

grail

31
n.杯,聖杯,大盤; 礫石; 聖盤; 鵝卵石
the cup or platter used according to medieval legend by Christ at the Last Supper and thereafter the object of knightly quests
The discovery is being hailed as The Holy Grail of astronomy.
這一發現圓瞭天文學界的一個夢想。

genesis

32
n.<正>創始,起源,發生
the origin or coming into being of something
The project had its genesis two years earlier...
該項目是兩年前開始的。

lungfish

33
n.肺魚
any of an order (Dipnoi) of bony fishes that breathe by a modified swim bladder as well as gills
The lungfish can live out of water in a state of suspended animation for three years.
肺魚離水後以暫不活動的狀態可存活3年.

lander

34
n.登陸車,著陸者,住在陸地上的人; 司罐工; 罐托; 把鈎工
one that lands; especially : a space vehicle that is designed to land on a celestial body (such as the moon or a planet)
Administrative Districts : The federation comprises 16 states ( Lander ), including Berlin.
行政區劃: 全國分為16個州.

lancet

35
n.柳葉刀; 刺血針; 口針
a sharp-pointed and commonly 2-edged surgical instrument used to make small incisions
The study is in the Lancet medical journal.
研究結果刊登在柳葉刀醫學雜誌.

parsley

36
n.歐芹; 荷蘭芹
a European biennial herb (Petroselinum crispum) of the carrot family widely grown for its finely dissected curly or flat leaves which are used as an herb or garnish; also : the leaves
...parsley sauce.
歐芹醬

yang

37
n.<漢>陽; 雁鳴聲
the masculine active principle in nature that in Chinese cosmology is exhibited in light, heat, or dryness and that combines with yin to produce all that comes to be
Then they called on Xiao Yang to play the harmonica.
然後他們請小楊吹口琴.

jargon

38
n.行話; 行業術語; 黑話
the technical terminology or characteristic idiom of a special activity or group
The manual is full of the jargon and slang of self-improvement courses.
手冊裏滿是有關自修課程的行話術語。

directed

39
adj.有指導的; 有管理的; 定嚮的; 被控製的v.(用建議、指示、有益的情報等)指導( direct的過去式和過去分詞 ); 導演(戲劇或電影); 指示方嚮; 把…對準(某方嚮或某人)
subject to supervision or regulation
The Bishop directed the faithful to stay at home.
主教要求信徒們呆在傢中。

parental

40
adj.父母的; 親代的; [生](雜種)親本的; 作為來源[淵源]的
one that begets or brings forth offspring
Medical treatment was sometimes given to children without parental consent...
有時未徵得傢長同意就對孩子進行瞭藥物治療。

bali

41
abbr.Bank Leumi le-Israel (Bank Association of Israel) 以色列銀行協會
island of Indonesia off eastern Java area 2147 square miles (5582 square kilometers), population 3,890,757
While on honeymoon in Bali, she learned to scuba dive.
她在巴厘島度蜜月時學會瞭帶水肺潛水.

catabolism

42
n.異化作用,分解代謝; 陳謝
degradative metabolism involving the release of energy and resulting in the breakdown of complex materials (such as proteins or lipids) within the organism
Objective : To investigate the effect of morphine on purine nucleotide catabolism and the mechanism.
目的: 研究嗎啡依賴及戒斷對嘌呤核苷酸分解代謝的影響與作用機製.

perpetuate

43
vt.使永存; 使不朽,使不滅; 保持
to make perpetual or cause to last indefinitely
We must not perpetuate the religious divisions of the past...
我們絕對不能讓過去的宗教分裂繼續下去。

rial

44
n.伊朗的銀幣,裏亞爾
the basic monetary unit of Iran, Oman, and Yemen
Cotton fiber is an important raw mate - rial for industry.
棉縴維是重要的紡織工業原料.

adversely

45
adv.逆地,反對地; 不利地; 有害地
in an adverse manner : in a way that is bad or harmful —often used with affect
Price changes must not adversely affect the living standards of the people.
物價變化一定不能給人們的生活水準帶來負麵影響。

invert

46
vt.使…前後倒置; 使反轉
to reverse in position, order, or relationship
If you invert " I can " , you have " can I ".
如果你把Ican兩詞前後顛倒一下,就成瞭 can I.

inconvenience

47
n.不方便; 麻煩; 為難之處; 麻煩事vt.給…帶來不便; 給…添麻煩; 打擾; 使為難
something that is inconvenient
We apologize for any inconvenience caused during the repairs...
我們為維修期間造成的任何不便道歉。

ligate

48
vt.結紮,綁
to tie with a ligature
At that time, it had only been demonstrated that RNA could cleave or ligate phosphodiester bonds.
當時隻能證明RNA可以切割和連接磷酸二酯鍵.

experimenter

49
n.實驗者
to carry out experiments : try out a new procedure, idea, or activity
The astronauts are conducting a series of experiments to learn more about how the body adapts to weightlessness...
那些宇航員正在進行一係列實驗,以更多地瞭解身體如何適應失重狀態。

leaving

50
n.離開v.離開( leave的現在分詞 ); 遺棄; 忘瞭帶; 交托
bequeath, devise
Adam stumbles on, leaving a trail of devastation in his wake.
亞當蹣跚而行,沿路留下毀壞的痕跡。

uninterrupted

51
adj.不間斷的,連續的; 未受乾擾的; 聯綿
not interrupted, stopped, or blocked
This enables the healing process to continue uninterrupted...
這樣能使恢復過程不間斷地進行下去。

exogenous

52
adj.外生的,外成的,外因的
produced by growth from superficial tissue
Vegetative rejuvenation of some bamboo species can be effected by exogenous GA 3.
外源赤黴素能影響某些竹種的有性更新過程.

replicated

53
v.復製( replicate的過去式和過去分詞 ); 重復; 再造; 再生
duplicate, repeat
Later outplant the seedlings in a replicated permanent test plantation.
以後苗木齣圃栽植成重復的永久性試驗林.

agar

54
n.瓊脂(一種植物膠,用海産石花菜類製成,可作冷食或微生物的培養基等),石花菜; 洋菜; 凍粉
a gelatinous colloidal extract of a red alga (as of the genera Gelidium, Gracilaria, and Eucheuma) used especially in culture media or as a gelling and stabilizing agent in foods
Objective : To evaluate the clinical value of urinary protein routine agar gel electrophoresis ( AGE ).
目的: 評價尿蛋白普通瓊脂糖凝膠電泳 ( AGE ) 的臨床價值.

incubation

55
n.孵卵; 孵化; <醫,生>(傳染病的)潛伏期; <生>(細菌等的)繁殖
the act or process of incubating
The birds returned to their nests and continued to incubate the eggs.
鳥兒迴到巢裏繼續孵卵。

overly

56
adv.過度地,極度地
to an excessive degree : too
Employers may become overly cautious about taking on new staff.
雇主在雇用新職員時可能會變得過於謹慎。

nonessential

57
adj.非本質的n.不重要的人
not essential
The nonessential amino acids were markedly reduced.
非必須氨基酸明顯減少.

thwart

58
vt.阻撓; 使受挫摺; 挫敗; <舊>橫過
to oppose successfully : defeat the hopes or aspirations of
The accounting firm deliberately destroyed documents to thwart government investigators...
會計事務所故意毀壞文件,阻撓政府調查工作。

atypical

59
adj.非典型的
not typical : irregular, unusual
atypical symptoms
異常癥狀

proven

60
adj.經過驗證或證實的v.證明( prove的過去分詞 ); 檢驗,試驗
to establish the existence, truth, or validity of (as by evidence or logic)
a teacher of proven dedication
確有奉獻精神的教師

propagate

61
vt.繁衍,增殖; 使遺傳; 擴散; 使蔓延vi.繁殖; 擴大; [物] 通過媒介傳送
to cause to continue or increase by sexual or asexual reproduction
They propagated political doctrines which promised to tear apart the fabric of British society.
他們鼓吹能顛覆英國社會結構的政治學說。

centromere

62
n.著絲粒著絲點
the point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis
The duplicates are attached to each other at a constricted region called the centromere.
對偶體彼此相連於稱為著絲粒的縮小的區域.

spindle

63
n.紡錘,紗錠; 軸; 細長的人或物; [生]紡錘體
a round stick with tapered ends used to form and twist the yarn in hand spinning
The thread needs to be wound around the spindle.
綫需纏繞到紗錠上.

meiosis

64
n.減數分裂,成熟分裂
the presentation of a thing with underemphasis especially in order to achieve a greater effect : understatement
Cycling meiosis and fertilization events produces a series of transitions between alternating haploid and diploid states.
減數分裂和受精作用的周期甚至産生瞭一個在單倍體階段與二倍體階段來迴交替的過渡序列.

impractical

65
adj.不切實際的; 無用的; 不現實的; 不善做實際工作的
not practical: such as
Geniuses are supposed to be eccentric and hopelessly impractical.
天纔通常都被認為行為古怪而且毫無實踐能力。

overwhelming

66
adj.勢不可擋的,壓倒一切的,巨大的; 壓倒一切的歡樂
tending or serving to overwhelm; also : extreme, great
The task won't feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps...
如果將這個任務細分為簡單易行的若乾步驟來做,便不會感到如此無所適從。

extraneous

67
adj.外部的; 外來的; 無關的; 不相乾的
existing on or coming from the outside
I can choose to ignore these extraneous thoughts or certainly choose not to act on them.
我可以選擇無視這些無關的想法,當然也可以選擇不按這些想法行事。

isolating

68
adj.孤立的,絕緣的v.使隔離( isolate的現在分詞 ); 將…剔齣(以便看清和單獨處理); 使(某物質、細胞等)分離; 使離析
to set apart from others; also : quarantine
In general, isolating the data layer is a good first step.
通常, 分離的數據層是好的第一步.

shotgun

69
n.鳥槍,散彈獵槍
a usually smoothbore shoulder weapon capable of firing shot at short ranges
This is a shotgun wedding.
這是一起為懷孕所迫的結婚.

clot

70
vt.& vi.凝結; 擁塞n.凝塊; (人,動物等的)聚集
a portion of a substance adhering together in a thick nondescript mass (as of clay or gum)
a blood clot on the brain
大腦中的血塊

coronary

71
adj.冠的,花冠的,冠狀的; 冠狀動脈或靜脈的
of, relating to, resembling, or being a crown or coronal
If all the coronary arteries are free of significant obstructions, all parts of the heart will receive equal amounts of oxygen.
如果所有的冠狀動脈均沒有較大的阻塞物,心髒各部分將得到等量的氧氣。

thrombosis

72
n.血栓癥
the formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel
Passengers on long-haul flights are being warned about the risks of deep vein thrombosis.
長途航班上的乘客須注意可能齣現深靜脈血栓。

berlin

73
n.一種有覆蓋的四輪馬車
Irving Israel Isidore Beilin 1888—1989 American (Russian-born) composer
Eating in East Berlin used to be a hazardous and joyless experience.
在東柏林就餐曾經是一件危險而且沉悶無趣的事情。

walter

74
n.沃爾特(亦作Walt)(m.)[男子名] [英格蘭人姓氏] 沃爾特來源於日耳曼語人名,含義是“統治+軍隊”(rule+army) 昵稱Wally,Walt,Wat,Watty
Bruno 1876—1962 originallyBruno Walter Schlesinger American (German-born) conductor
Catherine saw to it that the information went directly to Walter.
凱瑟琳確保這條消息直接傳達給瞭沃爾特。

becomes

75
v.變為,成為( become的第三人稱單數 ); 適閤; 使(人)顯得漂亮; 使好看
to come into existence
If your skin becomes red, sore or very scaly, consult your doctor.
如果皮膚發紅、瘙癢或脫皮,要嚮醫生谘詢。

distinctively

76
adv.區彆地,特殊地
marking as separate or different : serving to distinguish
Each room is distinctively decorated with light, bright colors and floral prints.
每個房間都以淡雅或鮮艷的顔色和印花圖案裝飾成獨特的風格。

visualization

77
n.形象(化),形象化,想像; 目測
formation of mental visual images
As we have seen in previous chapters, visualization methods are varied.
我們在前幾章已經瞭解到,可視化方法是多種多樣的。

sized

78
adj.有…大小的
having a specified size or bulk —usually used in combination
Sift the flour and baking powder into a medium-sized mixing bowl.
將麵粉和發酵粉篩入中等大小的攪拌碗中。

presumably

79
adv.據推測; 大概; 可能; 想來
by reasonable assumption
Presumably the front door was locked when you came down this morning?...
早上你下樓的時候,前門大概是鎖上的吧?

unrelated

80
adj.無關的,不相關的; 無關聯的; 無親戚關係的
not related: such as
The two incidents were completely unrelated.
這兩起事件毫無關聯。

heterologous

81
adj.不齊[等、同]的
derived from a different species
This interference can be between 2 completely different viruses heterologous interference.
發生在兩種完全不同的病毒之間的乾擾稱為異種乾擾.

carrying

82
adj.運送的,運輸的v.支撐( carry的現在分詞 ); 攜帶; 輸送; 運載
to move while supporting : transport
He was carrying on about some stupid television series.
他喋喋不休地說著某個無聊的電視連續劇。

flank

83
n.側麵; 側翼; 脅腹v.兩側(或一側)有; 在…側麵
the fleshy part of the side between the ribs and the hip; broadly : the side of a quadruped
Bookcases flank the bed...
床的兩側有書櫃。

alternately

84
adv.交替地,輪流地
by turns one after the other
He could alternately bully and charm people.
他一會兒欺負人一會兒取悅人。

thermophilic

85
adj.喜溫的,嗜熱的,適溫的; 喜溫植物
of, relating to, or being an organism living at a high temperature
Kudzu is a leguminous annuals, thermophilic heat - resistant, drought - tolerant, adapt mountain grown.
粉葛屬豆科一年生植物, 喜溫耐熱 、 耐旱, 適應山區種植.

unnecessary

86
adj.不需要的; 沒必要的
not necessary
They were accused of causing unnecessary damage to the environment.
他們因破壞環境而被指控。

theoretically

87
adv.理論地,理論上
according to an ideal or assumed set of facts or principles : in theory
Theoretically, the price is supposed to be marked on the shelf...
照理說,價格應該標在貨架上。

incubate

88
vt.孵化; 培育vt.& vi.孵(卵); <醫>潛伏; 逐漸形成; 潛伏在體內
to sit on (eggs) so as to hatch by the warmth of the body
The birds returned to their nests and continued to incubate the eggs.
鳥兒迴到巢裏繼續孵卵。