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📖 Chapter15 - Biolex 學習卡片

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pepsinogen

1
n.胃蛋白酶原; 胃蛋白細胞
a granular zymogen of the gastric glands that is readily converted into pepsin in a slightly acid medium
Chief cells make and secrete pepsinogen.
主細胞製造和分泌胃蛋白酶原.

amplification

2
n.擴大; 〈電子〉 放大(率)
an act, example, or product of amplifying
The voice of despair may be weak and need amplification.
絕望的呼聲可能很微弱,需要擴大。

injured

3
adj.受傷的; 委屈的
to inflict bodily hurt on
The other injured man had a superficial stomach wound...
另一名受傷男子是腹部的皮外傷。

culminate

4
v.(以…)結束,告終
to reach its highest altitude; also : to be directly overhead
They had an argument, which culminated in Tom getting drunk...
他們爭論瞭一番,最後湯姆喝醉瞭。

fibrous

5
adj.含縴維的,縴維性的
containing, consisting of, or resembling fibers
...fibrous tissue.
縴維組織

prothrombin

6
n.凝血素
a plasma protein produced in the liver in the presence of vitamin K and converted into thrombin in the clotting of blood
Purpose To purify prothrombin simply and effectively from human plasma.
目的從人血漿中簡便、快速、高效地提純凝血酶原.

skeletal

7
adj.骨骼的,骸骨的; 骨瘦如柴的
of, relating to, forming, attached to, or resembling a skeleton
...the skeletal remains of seven adults.
7 具成人遺骸

regenerate

8
vt.& vi.迴收(廢熱,廢料等); 使再生; 革新; 使悔悟
formed or created again
The government will continue to try to regenerate inner city areas.
政府將繼續努力重建內城地區。

rectangular

9
adj.<數> 矩形的; 成直角的; 直角坐標的; 長方
shaped like a rectangle
...a rectangular table.
長方形桌子

stimulatory

10
adj.刺激; 激勵; 激發; 鼓舞
to excite to activity or growth or to greater activity : animate, arouse
Some are more stimulatory, others more sedative.
有些比較起興奮作用, 另一些比較起鎮靜作用.

equilibria

11
n.均衡,均勢(equilibrium的復數); 平衡,均勢( equilibrium的名詞復數 ); (心情、感情等)平靜
a state of intellectual or emotional balance : poise
Most condensation reactions are equilibria.
大多數的縮閤反應是平衡反應.

adjoin

12
vt.& vi.鄰近,毗連; 接,貼連; 附加,使結閤
to add or attach by joining
Fields adjoined the garden and there were no neighbours...
田園相連,四下無鄰。

easier

13
adj.不費力的( easy的比較級 ); 寬鬆的; 寬裕的; 從容的
causing or involving little difficulty or discomfort
I don't know that it's made the decision any easier.
我不認為這對作齣決定有絲毫幫助。

rigidly

14
adv.僵硬地; 嚴厲地; 嚴格地; 固執地
deficient in or devoid of flexibility
It would seem more sensible to apply standards flexibly rather than rigidly.
靈活地運用標準比死守標準會顯得更閤情閤理。

superfamily

15
n.總科; 超科
a category of biological classification ranking below an order and above a family
Glucose - regulated protein 58 is a member of the protein disulphide isomerase superfamily.
葡萄糖調節蛋白58是蛋白二硫化物異構酶傢族成員之一.

localization

16
n.地方化,局限,定位; 定域; 局部化
to make local : orient locally
Particles have the property of definite localization in space and definite boundaries.
粒子的性質是在空間有確定的位置,有清楚的邊界.

proximity

17
n.接近,鄰近; 接近度,距離; 親近
the quality or state of being proximate : closeness
Part of the attraction is Darwin's proximity to Asia...
達爾文市的魅力一部分在於它靠近亞洲。

adrenergic

18
adj.腎上腺素的,釋放腎上腺素的
liberating, activated by, or involving adrenaline or a substance like adrenaline
Conclusion: Adrenergic nerve control hardly affectedcochlear ischemia.
結論: 腎上腺素能神經對內耳缺血時耳蝸血流和血壓調節作用微弱.

platelet

19
n.血小闆,小盤,小闆
a minute flattened body (as of ice or a mineral); especially : a minute colorless disklike body of mammalian blood that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and to damaged epithelium —called also blood platelet, thrombocyte
Conclusion: The MA of platelet plays direct role in diagnosis and prognosis of cerebral infarction.
結論: 血漿血小闆最大聚集率對腦梗塞的診斷和預防有指導意義.

multicellular

20
adj.多細胞的
having, made up of, or involving more than one and usually many cells especially of living matter
That makes up multicellular organisms.
這構成多細胞生物.

compilation

21
n.匯編物; 輯
the act or process of compiling
His latest album release is a compilation of his jazz works over the past decade.
最近發行的專輯是他過去10年來的爵士作品閤集。

casein

22
n.乾酪素,酪蛋白
a phosphoprotein of milk: such as
Rich in calcium, Casein helps contribute to milk's white color.
富含鈣質的乾酪素對牛奶呈現白色起到一定作用.

pseudo

23
adj.假的,虛僞的n.[口]假冒的人,僞君子
being apparently rather than actually as stated : sham, spurious
What a load of pompous, pseudo-intellectual rot.
真是自命不凡的僞知識分子的一派鬍言!

histone

24
n.組蛋白
any of various simple water-soluble proteins that are rich in the basic amino acids lysine and arginine and are complexed with DNA in the nucleosomes of eukaryotic chromatin
Chicken liver chromatin component DNA : RNA : histone: non - histone ratio is 1∶0.
雞肝染色質組成成分DNA∶RNA∶組蛋白∶非組蛋白的質量液度的比值為: 1∶0.

amide

25
n.氨基化閤物; 酰胺
an inorganic compound derived from ammonia by replacement of an atom of hydrogen with another element (such as a metal)
The amide nitrogen of glutamine or asparagine functions more effectively than ammonia.
榖酰胺或天門鼕酰胺的酰胺氮作用較氨更有效.

malate

26
n.蘋果酸鹽(或酯)
a salt or ester of malic acid
Conclusion: Calcium citrate malate is more suitable for achlorhydria.
結論: 果酸鈣更適閤於胃酸缺乏的人群補鈣.

usable

27
adj.可用的; 閤用的; 便於使用的; 使得
capable of being used
Charity shops and jumble sales welcome usable clothes...
慈善商店和義賣活動歡迎大傢捐助能穿的衣服。

glycolytic

28
adj.糖分解的
the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate (such as glucose) by way of phosphate derivatives with the production of pyruvic or lactic acid and energy stored in high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP
Warburg effect is that cancer cells exhibit an increased dependence on glycolytic pathway for ATP generation.
“瓦博格效應”即指腫瘤細胞對糖酵解通路産能依賴增強的現象.

commensurate

29
adj.(在時間和空間上)相等的; 相稱的,相當的
corresponding in size, extent, amount, or degree : proportionate
Employees are paid salaries commensurate with those of teachers...
給員工的薪水與老師拿的薪水相當。

unfavorable

30
adj.不利的; 相反的; 令人不快的; 不吉利的
opposed, contrary
The majority always turn an unfavorable attitude towards atonal composition.
大多數人對無調性作品的態度往往是不能接受的.

unresponsive

31
adj.無答復的; 反應遲鈍的; 感受性遲鈍的; 無同情心的
not responsive
I found her in a coma, totally unresponsive.
我發現她昏倒瞭,完全失去瞭知覺。

persistently

32
adv.堅持地; 固執地; 一個勁兒
existing for a long or longer than usual time or continuously: such as
Rachel gently but persistently imposed her will upon Douglas.
雷切爾委婉但執著地把自己的意願強加給道格拉斯。

physiology

33
n.生理學; 生理機能
a branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (such as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved
...the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology.
諾貝爾醫學和生理學奬

cyan

34
n.青色; 藍綠色(用於印刷); 氰基
a greenish-blue color —used in photography and color printing of one of the primary colors
In these images the face normals are drawn cyan.
在這些圖片中麵法綫顯示為青色.

myriad

35
n.無數,極大數量; [古語] 一萬
ten thousand
They face a myriad of problems bringing up children...
他們在撫養孩子的過程中遇到瞭各種各樣的問題。

guanine

36
n.鳥嘌呤(核酸的基本成分)
a purine base C5H5N5O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA
There are just four kinds: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.
隻有4種: 腺嘌呤 、 胸腺嘧啶 、 鳥嘌呤和胞核嘧啶.

encapsulate

37
vt.封裝; 概述vi.形成囊狀物
to enclose in or as if in a capsule
A Wall Street Journal editorial encapsulated the views of many conservatives...
《華爾街日報》的一篇社論概述瞭很多保守派人士的觀點。

unordered

38
adj.無序的
not ordered: such as
Provides an unordered collection of information about the document.
提供瞭關於文檔的無序信息集閤.

marvelously

39
adv.令人驚訝地,不可思議地,妙極地
causing wonder : astonishing
Their voices blend marvelously as they sing in chorus.
他們閤唱時嗓音非常和諧。

dissect

40
vt.解剖; 仔細分析vi.進行解剖,進行詳細分析
to separate into pieces : expose the several parts of (something, such as an animal) for scientific examination
We dissected a frog in biology class.
我們在生物課上解剖瞭一隻青蛙。

underwater

41
adj.在水中的; 水麵下的
lying, growing, worn, performed, or operating below the surface of the water
...giant submarines able to travel at high speeds underwater...
能夠在水下高速行進的巨型潛艇

cardiac

42
adj.心髒(病)的; (胃的)賁門的
of, relating to, situated near, or acting on the heart
to experience cardiac arrhythmia (= an irregular heartbeat that may indicate a serious condition)
心律失常

ferrous

43
adj.鐵的,含鐵的; [化學]亞鐵的
of, relating to, or containing iron
...ferrous metals.
含鐵的金屬

profoundly

44
adv.深深地; 深切地; 深刻地; 極度地
having intellectual depth and insight
...discoveries which had a profound effect on many areas of medicine.
對很多醫學領域産生瞭深刻影響的發現

hyperbola

45
n.雙麯綫
a plane curve generated by a point so moving that the difference of the distances from two fixed points is a constant : a curve formed by the intersection of a double right circular cone with a plane that cuts both halves of the cone
A hyperbola approaches but does not meet its asymptote.
雙麯綫逐漸接近它的漸近綫但不相交.

supposition

46
n.猜測; 推測; 假定; 猜想
something that is supposed : hypothesis
There's a popular supposition that we're publicly funded but the bulk of our money comes from competitive contracts...
人們普遍認為我們是受公共基金的資助,然而我們大部分資金是通過簽訂競爭性閤同得來的。

diagnostic

47
adj.診斷的,判斷的; 特徵的n.診斷法,診斷程式; 診斷結論
of, relating to, or used in diagnosis
...X-rays and other diagnostic tools.
X射綫和其他診斷工具

aptly

48
adv.恰當地; 適當地
in an apt manner : in a way that is fitting or appropriate
This word is aptly used here.
這個詞用在這裏倒是非常貼切.

deprivation

49
n.剝奪; 喪失; 匱乏
the state of being kept from possessing, enjoying, or using something : the state of being deprived : privation; especially : removal from an office, dignity, or benefice
neglected elders experiencing emotional deprivation
遭受情感缺失無人關愛的老人

strenuous

50
adj.費力的,用力的; 熱烈的; 緊張的; 奮發的
vigorously active : energetic
Avoid strenuous exercise in the evening...
晚上不要做劇烈運動。

cleft

51
n.裂縫; 裂口; cleave的過去式和過去分詞; 進退維榖v.劈開,剁開,割開( cleave的過去式和過去分詞 )
a space or opening made by or as if by splitting : fissure
a cleft in the rocks
岩石的裂縫

halve

52
vt.把…分成兩半; 把…減半; 對分; 平攤
to divide into two equal parts
Halve the pineapple and scoop out the inside.
將菠蘿對半切開,挖齣裏麵的果肉。

pivot

53
n.樞軸; 中心點,中樞; [物]支點,支樞; [體]迴轉運動vi.在樞軸上轉動; 隨…轉移vt.把…放在樞軸上; 以…為核心; 使繞樞軸鏇轉; 由…而定
a shaft or pin on which something turns
Forming the pivot of the exhibition is a large group of watercolours.
整個展覽的重點是一大組水彩畫。

reaching

54
v.到達( reach的現在分詞 ); 聯絡; 伸齣手臂,延伸
to stretch out : extend
For Pritchard, reaching an Olympics was the climax of her career.
對普裏查德來說,參加奧運會是她事業上的巔峰。

amalgam

55
n.汞閤金; 混閤物
a mixture of different elements
The research paper is an amalgam of various scientific studies.
這篇研究論文由多項科學研究綜閤而成。

symbolism

56
n.象徵主義,象徵手法; 符號使用; 象徵主義; [宗]符號象徵
the art or practice of using symbols especially by investing things with a symbolic meaning or by expressing the invisible or intangible by means of visible or sensuous representations: such as
The scene is so rich in symbolism that any explanation risks spoiling the effect.
該場景具有豐富的象徵意義,任何解釋都可能破壞其效果。

antagonist

57
n.對手; 敵人
one that contends with or opposes another : adversary, opponent
Spassky had never previously lost to his antagonist.
斯帕斯基以往從未輸給過他的對手。

discoverer

58
n.發現者
to make known or visible : expose
Tasmania was named after its discoverer, A . J . Tasman.
塔斯曼尼亞島是以其發現者塔斯曼的名字命名的.

physiologist

59
n.生理學者
a person specializing in the biological study of the functions and processes of living organisms and their parts : a biologist specializing in physiology
Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs ( 1849 - 1936 ).
( 1849-1936 ) 蘇聯生理學傢,在狗身上觀察到唾液條件反射,曾獲1904年諾貝爾生理學 - 醫學奬.

terminus

60
n.終點; 終點站; 界限; 界石
either end of a transportation line or travel route; also : the station, town, or city at such a place : terminal
...the London terminus of the Channel Tunnel rail link.
英吉利海峽隧道連接鐵路的倫敦終點站

ionization

61
n.離子化,電離; 電離化
the act or process of ionizing something : conversion of a substance into ions
The matrix ionization of proteins when excited by laser energy.
基質在激光能量的激發下使蛋白離子化.

equivalence

62
n.相等,對等
the state or property of being equivalent
Nuclear physics has provided extensive experimental support for the mass - energy equivalence.
原子核物理學已經為質能等效性提供瞭廣泛的實驗證據.

stripped

63
v.剝皮( strip的過去式和過去分詞 ); 脫光衣服; (齒輪的齒等)摺斷; 錶演脫衣舞adj.剝去的
to remove clothing, covering, or surface matter from
This has stripped the contest down to its essentials.
這就使比賽精簡到最基本的環節。

paramagnetic

64
adj.順磁性的
being or relating to a magnetizable substance (such as aluminum) that has small but positive susceptibility which varies little with magnetizing force
At room temperature all the metals are paramagnetic.
在室溫時,所有的金屬都是順磁性的.

diamagnetic

65
adj.反磁性的n.反磁性體
having a magnetic permeability less than that of a vacuum : slightly repelled by a magnet
Many of the metals and most of the nonmetals are diamagnetic.
許多金屬和大部分非金屬都是逆磁性的.

ration

66
n.定量; 配給量; 口糧; 閤理的量,正常量vt.限量供應,配給供應; 給與…一天口糧; 供給(兵士)夥食,限定(糧食等)
a food allowance for one day
The meat ration was down to one pound per person per week...
肉的配給量降到瞭每人每周一磅。

eminently

67
adv.突齣地; 顯著地; 不尋常地
to a high degree : very
His books on diplomatic history were eminently readable.
他寫的有關外交史的書可讀性非常強。

placenta

68
n.胎盤,胎座
the vascular organ in mammals except monotremes and marsupials that unites the fetus to the maternal uterus and mediates its metabolic exchanges through a more or less intimate association of uterine mucosal with chorionic and usually allantoic tissues; also : an analogous organ in another animal
The drug can be transferred to the baby via the placenta.
毒品會通過胎盤傳給胎兒。

maternal

69
adj.母親的; 母親般的; 母係的; 母親方麵的
of, relating to, belonging to, or characteristic of a mother : motherly
She had little maternal instinct...
她缺乏母性。

gamma

70
n.希臘字母錶的第三個字母; 微剋; [物]伽馬; [蟲]V紋蛾
the 3rd letter of the Greek alphabet
Gamma : Yeah. Your voice sounds funny.
對, 你聲音聽起來很滑稽.

gaseous

71
adj.氣態的,似氣體的; 無實質的; 〈美俚〉不可靠的; 氣性
having the form of or being gas; also : of or relating to gases
Freon exists both in liquid and gaseous states.
氟利昂有液態和氣態兩種形態。

musculature

72
n.肌肉組織
the muscles of all or a part of the animal body
When patients are instructed to perform sphincter exercises postoperatively, they are actually contracting the ani musculature.
當患者需要進行術後外括約肌收縮訓練時, 他們可以收縮提肛肌.

instantaneously

73
adv.即刻,突如其來地
done, occurring, or acting without any perceptible duration of time
Airbags inflate instantaneously on impact.
安全氣囊遇到撞擊立即膨脹。

derivative

74
n.派生物,衍生物 ; 派生詞,衍生字adj.模仿他人的,缺乏創意的
a word formed from another word or base : a word formed by derivation
Derivative works are far more complicated.
派生作品更加復雜。

diastolic

75
adj.心髒舒張的
a rhythmically recurrent expansion; especially : the relaxation and dilation of the chambers of the heart and especially the ventricles during which they fill with blood
Both systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded.
收縮壓和舒張壓均可記錄下來.

headache

76
n.頭痛; 令人頭痛的事; 棘手的事; 難題
pain in the head
This is a real headache for us.
這對我們來說真是個難題。

weakness

77
n.軟弱; 弱點; 癖好
the quality or state of being weak; also : an instance or period of being weak
Stephen himself had a weakness for cats...
史蒂芬本人偏愛貓。

dizziness

78
n.頭昏眼花
foolish, silly
A sudden dizziness overpowered him.
他突然感到一陣眩暈。

abnormally

79
adv.不正常地
deviating from the normal or average; often : unusual in an unwelcome or problematic way
She suggests that women are under constant pressure to be abnormally thin.
她暗示說女性總是處在保持身材異常瘦削的壓力之下。

aliphatic

80
adj.脂肪族的,脂肪質的
of, relating to, or being an organic compound (such as an alkane) having an open-chain structure
Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be nitrated even with 13 % nitric acid.
脂肪酸甚至能被13%的硝酸硝化.

detriment

81
n.傷害,損害
injury, damage
Children spend too much time on schoolwork, to the detriment of other activities.
孩子把太多的時間用於做作業,影響瞭他們參加其他活動。

nicely

82
adv.漂亮地; 恰當地,規規矩矩地; 精密地; 非常講究地
polite, kind
She has a bit of private money, so they manage quite nicely...
她有一點私房錢,所以他們過得很舒心。

neigh

83
vi.(馬)嘶
to make the prolonged cry of a horse
The mare neighed once more, turned and disappeared amongst the trees.
母馬又嘶鳴瞭一聲,扭頭消失在樹林裏。

boring

84
adj.令人厭煩的,無聊的
causing weariness and restlessness through lack of interest : causing boredom : tiresome
a boring book
一本無聊的書

polymeric

85
adj.聚閤的
a chemical compound or mixture of compounds formed by polymerization and consisting essentially of repeating structural units
A working substance has been prepared by treating perfluorinated polymeric oils and greases.
一種工質已由全氟聚閤物油和潤滑脂製造齣來.

protrusion

86
n.伸齣,突齣
something (such as an anatomical part or excrescence) that protrudes
He grabbed at a protrusion of rock with his right hand.
他用右手抓住瞭一塊凸起的岩石。

filament

87
n.[印,紡]長絲,單縴維; [電]燈絲,絲極,遊絲; 細絲,絲狀體; [植](雄蕊的)花絲
a single thread or a thin flexible threadlike object, process, or appendage : such as
The delicate glass filaments intertwined with the metal ones to form a sturdy mesh.
這些精緻的玻璃絲與金屬絲交織在一起,形成瞭一個堅固的網狀結構。

crystallization

88
n.結晶化
to cause to form crystals or assume crystalline form
For protein crystallization, the main impact of precipitant is on the solvent.
對於蛋白質的結晶,沉澱劑主要在溶劑上産生作用。

delete

89
v.刪除
to eliminate especially by blotting out, cutting out, or erasing
He also deleted files from the computer system...
他還從計算機係統裏刪除瞭文件。