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📖 Chapter16 - Biolex 學習卡片

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ringlike

1
adj.似環的,環狀的; 環形
a circular band for holding, connecting, hanging, pulling, packing, or sealing
Surrounding the end of the stomach is a ringlike muscle called pyloric valve.
圍繞在胃末端的是一片環狀肌肉叫做幽門瓣.

encircle

2
vt.包圍; 圍繞
to form a circle around : surround
A forty-foot-high concrete wall encircles the jail...
監獄周圍有一圈40英尺高的混凝土牆。

remarkably

3
adv.引人注目地,明顯地,非常地; 格外;齣乎意料地
in a remarkable manner
He was a remarkable man...
他是個不同尋常的人。

unwinding

4
v.展開,從纏繞中解開( unwind的現在分詞 ); (使)心情輕鬆; 放鬆; 退捲
to cause to uncoil : wind off : unroll
Singing is a nice way of unwinding.
唱歌是一種不錯的減壓方法。

wedge

5
n.楔子; 楔形物v.把…楔住; 把…楔牢; 將…塞入; 將…插入; 將…擠入
a piece of a substance (such as wood or iron) that tapers to a thin edge and is used for splitting wood and rocks, raising heavy bodies, or for tightening by being driven into something
I shut the shed door and wedged it with a log of wood...
我關上小屋的門,並用一根木棍將門楔住。

handed

6
adj.有手的v.交;遞;給(hand的過去分詞和過去式)
having a hand or hands especially of a specified kind or number —usually used in combination
Success is not guaranteed. It is not handed to you. Success is earned.
成功無法保證,並非唾手可得。成功必須靠自己去爭取。

blair

7
n.布萊爾(m.)
Tony 1953— Anthony Charles Lynton Blair British prime minister (1997—2007)
Alice corroborated what Blair had said.
艾麗斯證實瞭布萊爾所說的。

polymorphic

8
adj.多形的,多態的,多形態的; 多晶形
the quality or state of existing in or assuming different forms: such as
Composite Reuse Principle: polymorphic composition of objects over inheritance.
閤成復用原則: 能用閤成的地方就不用繼承.

antelope

9
n.羚羊; 羚羊皮革
any of various ruminant deerlike mammals (family Bovidae) chiefly of Africa and southwest Asia that have a slender lean build and usually horns directed upward and backward
Any savanna's plants need a burnt to the ground by fire or grazed by antelope.
熱帶草原上的植物都需要一些擾動,要麼經過火的洗禮,要麼遭到羚羊的啃噬.

inhibitor

10
n.抑製劑,抑製者; 抗老化劑
one that inhibits: such as
Is the very good oxidation inhibitor.
都是很好的抗氧化劑.

methylene

11
n.亞甲基
a divalent hydrocarbon group CH2 derived from methane
Kodak company describes open chain reactive methylene two - equivalent yellow - forming conplers.
柯達敘述瞭一種直鏈的活性亞甲基兩當量的黃成色劑.

squid

12
n.烏賊,墨魚; 魷魚
any of an order (Teuthoidea) of cephalopods having eight short arms and two usually longer tentacles, a long tapered body, a caudal fin on each side, and usually a slender internal chitinous support
Main materials: Shrimps, Squid, Onion, Carrot, Bean milk skin, marinas.
原料: 蝦仁 、 魷魚 、 洋蔥 、 鬍蘿蔔 、 特級豆腐皮 、 蛋黃醬.

traverse

13
n.穿過; 橫貫,橫切; 橫木; [建]橫梁vt.橫越,橫貫; 通過; [法]否認,反駁; [木工]橫刨vi.來迴移動; 鏇轉; 橫越
to go or travel across or over
I traversed the narrow pedestrian bridge.
我走過狹窄的人行天橋。

peristalsis

14
n.蠕動
successive waves of involuntary contraction passing along the walls of a hollow muscular structure (such as the esophagus or intestine) and forcing the contents onward
Results: The frequency the strength and the rhythm is related to the peristalsis of the stomach.
結果: 胃肌收縮頻率、強度以及節律與胃蠕動規律性相關.

macroscopic

15
adj.肉眼可見的; 宏觀的
observable by the naked eye
The theory of thermodynamics links the macroscopic and submicroscopic domains.
熱力學把宏觀世界同亞微觀世界聯係起來.

multinucleate

16
adj.(細胞等)多核的
having more than two nuclei
Virchow in 1851 presented a drawing of a multinucleate tumor cell.
Virchow於一八五一年發錶一張多核腫瘤細胞圖.

specialized

17
adj.專門的; 專業的; 專用的v.專攻(specialize的過去式和過去分詞)
characterized by or exhibiting biological specialization; especially : highly differentiated especially in a particular direction or for a particular end
Cocaine addicts get specialized support from knowledgeable staff.
對可卡因上癮的人從那些懂相關知識的工作人員那裏得到瞭專業化的幫助。

electrochemical

18
adj.電氣化學的; 電化
a science that deals with the relation of electricity to chemical changes and with the interconversion of chemical and electrical energy
The technology uses an electrochemical process to produce electricity.
這種技術利用電氣化學反應發電。

traditionally

19
adv.傳統上,傳說上
of or relating to tradition : consisting of or derived from tradition
Traditionally young Asians in Britain have gravitated towards medicine, law and engineering.
英國的亞裔年輕人通常被吸引到醫學、法律及工程專業。

involuntary

20
adj.無意識做齣的,非故意的; 非自願的,不隨意的; 不由自主的
done contrary to or without choice
Another surge of pain in my ankle caused me to give an involuntary shudder.
腳踝突然又一陣疼痛,痛得我直打哆嗦。

aerosol

21
n.[化]氣溶膠; 噴霧劑; 懸浮微粒; 噴霧器
a suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in gas; also, aerosols plural : the fine particles of an aerosol
Ozone-safe aerosols
對臭氧安全的氣霧劑

inhalation

22
n.吸入; 吸入劑,吸入物
the act or an instance of inhaling
They were taken to hospital suffering from smoke inhalation.
他們因吸入大量煙塵被送往醫院。

bronchial

23
adj.支氣管的
of or relating to the bronchi or their ramifications in the lungs
Bronchial asthma is a common respiratory condition.
支氣管哮喘是一種常見的呼吸係統疾病。

conversely

24
adv.相反地,顛倒地; 倒地; 反之; 反過來
in a contrasting or opposite way—used to introduce a statement that contrasts with a previous statement or presents a differing interpretation or possibility
In real life, nobody was all bad, nor, conversely, all good.
在現實生活中,沒有徹頭徹尾的壞人,相反地,也沒有完完全全的好人。

pituitary

25
n.(腦)垂體
of or relating to the pituitary gland
The histology of pituitary gland from sexually matured female mandarin fish was studied.
對性成熟雌性鱖魚的腦垂體進行瞭組織學研究.

gland

26
n.<解>腺; [機]密封壓蓋,填料蓋
a specialized cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin that selectively removes materials from the blood, concentrates or alters them, and secretes them for further use in the body or for elimination from the body
Her mother has an underactive adrenal gland.
她的母親腎上腺機能不全.

micrograph

27
n.顯微圖,顯微照片; 顯微照相
a graphic reproduction of the image of an object formed by a microscope
Here is an actual electron micrograph of a platelet.
這是血小闆的電鏡圖.

longitudinal

28
adj.經度的; 縱嚮的; 縱的; 縱觀的
placed or running lengthwise
The river's surface is marked with faint blue longitudinal ripples.
河麵上泛著淡淡的藍色縱嚮波紋。

ralph

29
abbr.reduction and acquisition of lunar pulse heights 降低得到的月球的脈衝高度
Ralph David 1926—1990 American clergyman and civil rights leader
Bill will come on then maybe Ralph, then Bobby and Johnny doing their hits.
比爾先上,然後大概是拉爾夫,接下來是博比和約翰尼擊球。

ness

30
n.海岬,海角
cape, promontory
Ness chased the thief down and held him until police arrived.
內斯追上小偷,按住他,一直等到警察趕到。

degenerative

31
adj.退步的,變質的,退化的
of, relating to, involving, or causing degeneration
...degenerative diseases of the brain, like Alzheimer's.
大腦變性疾病,如阿爾茨海默病

degeneration

32
n.衰退,墮落; 蛻化
degenerate condition
Intensive logging in the region has led to significant degeneration of the forests.
該地區的密集采伐導緻森林顯著退化。

autosomal

33
adj.正染色體的,常染色體的
of, belonging to, located on, or transmitted by an autosome
This disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
本病作為常染色體顯性傳遞.

congenital

34
adj.先天的,天生的; 先天性
existing at or dating from birth
a congenital lack of empathy for others
天生的缺乏對他人的同理心

lamina

35
n.薄闆,薄層,葉片
a thin plate or scale : layer
All cells are attached to the basal lamina, but some do not reach the surface.
全部細胞都附著到基闆, 而有些細胞,不到達錶麵.

neuronal

36
n.神經元; 二乙基溴乙酰胺
a grayish or reddish granular cell that is the fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue transmitting and receiving nerve impulses and having cytoplasmic processes which are highly differentiated frequently as multiple dendrites or usually as solitary axons which conduct impulses to and away from the cell body : nerve cell
The shapes of neuronal cell bodies are spherical, ovoid, pyramial, fusiform, stellate or crescentic.
神經元細胞體的形狀有圓形, 卵圓形, 錐形, 梭形, 星形或半月形.

insightful

37
adj.富有洞察力的,有深刻見解的
exhibiting or characterized by insight
She offered some really interesting, insightful observations.
她給齣瞭一些非常有趣又富有洞察力的評論。

manifestation

38
n.錶示,顯示; 示威
the act, process, or an instance of manifesting
Different animals in the colony had different manifestations of the disease...
在這一群體裏,這種疾病在不同的動物身上有著不同的錶現。

relaxed

39
adj.(人)輕鬆的; 自在的; 無拘無束的; 舒適的adv.輕鬆地; 自在地; 舒適地; 隨便地vt.(使)輕鬆( relax的過去式); (使)鬆弛; 放寬; (使)放鬆vi.鬆散; 鬆弛; 放寬; 放鬆
freed from or lacking in precision or stringency
As soon as I had made the final decision, I felt a lot more relaxed...
我一作齣最後的決定就感到輕鬆多瞭。

untwisted

40
v.拆開(搓閤的繩,綫等),解開( untwist的過去式和過去分詞 )
not twisted
The thread came untwisted.
綫紕瞭.

favored

41
adj.受到優待的; 有天賦的; 受優惠的; 有利的v.支持( favor的過去式和過去分詞 ); 贊成; 照顧; 促成
having an appearance or features of a particular kind
She favored him with a charming smile.
她賜給他迷人的一笑.

tweezer

42
n.鑷子,鉗子v.用鑷子拔(毛,刺等)
tweezers
You would need a tweezer to tease out the hairs on one side.
你需要一把鑷子來把頭發梳到一邊.

prepared

43
adj.有所準備的; 願意的; 事先做好的
subjected to a special process or treatment
Are you prepared to take industrial action?...
你們願意采取勞工行動嗎?

newton

44
n.牛頓(力的單位)
the unit of force in the meter-kilogram-second system equal to the force required to impart an acceleration of one meter per second per second to a mass of one kilogram
EITHER Newton and Einstein were wrong, or there is something missing from the universe.
要麼牛頓和愛因斯坦錯瞭, 要麼宇宙缺瞭什麼東西.

accomplished

45
adj.纔華高的; 技藝高超的; 熟練的
proficient as the result of practice or training; also : skillfully done or produced
She is an accomplished painter.
她是位頗有建樹的畫傢。

finer

46
adj.好的,齣色的
all right
Microfibre fabrics are three times finer than cotton.
微縴維織物比棉布精細3倍。

chromosome

47
n.<生>染色體
any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism; also : the genetic material of a virus
Each cell of our bodies contains 46 chromosomes.
我們人體的每個細胞都包含46個染色體。

deformation

48
n.變形; [語]詞的變形; [地]金屬等(在壓力作用下)變形; 形態損傷,形狀損毀
alteration of form or shape; also : the product of such alteration
a deformation of the joint
關節的畸變

plank

49
n.(厚)木闆; 支持物; 政綱條目
a heavy thick board; especially : one 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 centimeters) thick and at least 8 inches (20 centimeters) wide
It was very strong, made of three solid planks of wood.
它由3塊堅固的木闆做成,很結實。

ciliated

50
adj.有縴毛的
possessing cilia
Eggs that reach fresh water hatch into ciliated miracidia.
蟲卵進入淡水,孵化成毛蚴.

nasal

51
adj.鼻的; 鼻音的
the nosepiece of a helmet
...inflamed nasal passages.
鼻腔發炎

cilia

52
n.睫,縴毛; 睫毛,縴毛( cilium的名詞復數 )
a minute short hairlike process often forming part of a fringe; especially : one on a cell that is capable of lashing movement and serves especially in free unicellular organisms to produce locomotion or in higher forms a current of fluid
My tireless little cilia make about ten sweeping strokes a second.
我那不怕疲勞的小縴毛每秒鍾約做10次清掃動作.

tony

53
adj.高貴的,時髦的
marked by an aristocratic or high-toned manner or style
Tony didn't notice because he was too engrossed in his work.
托尼因為太專注於自己的工作而毫未察覺。

vesicular

54
adj.小泡的,有小泡的,由小泡組成的
containing, composed of, or characterized by vesicles
Their nuclei are pale and vesicular, containing mainly unstained euchromatin.
細胞核染色蒼白呈空泡狀, 應為主要含有的是不著色的常染色質.

notwithstanding

55
prep.盡管; 雖然adv.盡管如此,仍然; 還是
despite —often used after its object
He despised William Pitt, notwithstanding the similar views they both held.
盡管他和威廉·皮特看法相似,卻瞧不起他。

giardia

56
梨形鞭毛蟲屬,賈第鞭毛蟲屬,賈弟蟲
any of a genus (Giardia) of flagellate protozoans inhabiting the intestines of various mammals and including one (G. lamblia synonym G. intestinalis) that is associated with diarrhea in humans
Objective To construct Giardia canis virus ( GCV ) transfection vector.
目的構建犬賈第蟲病毒 ( Giardiacanis virus,GCV ) 轉染載體.

roundworm

57
n.蛔蟲
nematode; also : a related round-bodied unsegmented worm (such as a spiny-headed worm) as distinguished from a flatworm
That's only three times more than a fruit fly and twice as many as a roundworm.
這個數字隻是果蠅的3倍、綫蟲的2倍.

flowering

58
n.開花; 興盛時期; 成熟期; 飾以花
producing or bearing flowers : capable of producing flowers
He may be happy with the flowering of new thinking, but he has yet to contribute much to it himself.
他也許會對新思想的盛行感到高興,但他本人並沒有為此作齣多大貢獻。

homo

59
n.<拉>人,人類(學名); 〈美俚〉同“homosexual”
any of a genus (Homo) of hominids that includes modern humans (H. sapiens) and several extinct related species (such as H. erectus and H. habilis)
What distinguishes homo sapiens from every other living creature is the mind.
智人和其他生物的區彆在於大腦。

disposition

60
n.性格; 傾嚮; 排列,布置; (財産)贈予,分配
prevailing tendency, mood, or inclination
The rides are unsuitable for people of a nervous disposition...
騎馬這一活動不適閤天性易緊張的人。

alkaloid

61
n.生物堿,植物堿基
any of numerous usually colorless, complex, and bitter organic bases (such as morphine or caffeine) containing nitrogen and usually oxygen that occur especially in seed plants and are typically physiologically active
Quinine: Alkaloid found in the bark of cinchona trees and shrubs.
奎寜: 金雞納樹皮中的生物堿,主要用於治療瘧疾.

crocus

62
n.番紅花; 藏紅花
any of a genus (Crocus) of herbs of the iris family developing from corms and having solitary long-tubed flowers and slender linear leaves
But there was the crocus.
可那確是番紅花.

secretory

63
adj.分泌的,能分泌的,促分泌的n.分泌腺,分泌器官
of, relating to, or promoting secretion; also : produced by secretion
Secretory granules are apparently built up from fusion of smaller vesicles.
分泌顆粒顯然是從較小的小泡融閤而成的.

rheumatism

64
n.<醫>風濕病
any of various conditions characterized by inflammation or pain in muscles, joints, or fibrous tissue
Rheumatism often causes chronic joint discomfort.
風濕病常常導緻慢性關節不適。

engulf

65
vt.吞沒; 包住; 吞食; 狼吞虎咽
to flow over and enclose : overwhelm
He looked around his dark, cluttered office and was engulfed by a feeling of emptiness.
他環顧自己昏暗雜亂的辦公室,陷入一陣空虛之中。

uric

66
adj.<術>尿的,在尿中發現的,存在於尿中的
of, relating to, or found in urine
Liver functions, Blood Glucose, Blood fatty and uric acid biochemical examination.
肝功能,血糖, 血脂肪,腎功能, 尿酸等血液生化檢查.

rupture

67
n.斷裂,破裂; 友好關係的決裂; [醫]疝氣vt.& vi.使破裂; 斷絕(關係等); 發生疝; 使不和vi.破裂; 發疝氣
breach of peace or concord; specifically : open hostility or war between nations
His stomach might rupture from all the acid...
他的胃可能因為這些酸液而穿孔。

inflammatory

68
adj.令人激動的; 有煽動性的; 炎性的,發炎的
tending to excite anger, disorder, or tumult : seditious
...nationalist policies that are too drastic and inflammatory...
過於極端、帶有極強煽動性的民族主義政策

alleviation

69
n.減輕,緩解; 鎮痛物
relieve, lessen: such as
Their energies were focussed on the alleviation of the refugees' misery.
他們把精力集中在減輕難民們的苦難上。

ornamental

70
adj.裝飾的,裝飾用的
of, relating to, or serving as ornament; specifically : grown as an ornamental
...ornamental trees.
觀賞樹

periwinkle

71
n.長春花; 玉黍螺(食用海螺)
any of several trailing or woody evergreen herbs of the dogbane family: such as
Light permeates the sheer petals of a Madagascar periwinkle.
燈光透過瞭一朵馬達加斯加長春花的縴薄的花瓣.

chemotherapy

72
n.<醫>化學療法; 化療
the therapeutic use of chemical agents to treat disease; especially : the administration of one or more cytotoxic drugs to destroy or inhibit the growth and division of malignant cells in the treatment of cancer —called also chemo
Patients with tumors > 1 cm received chemotherapy by using CMF regimen.
對>1cm的浸潤性癌,用CMF方案輔助化療.

chemotherapeutic

73
adj.化學療法的
of, relating to, or used in chemotherapy
Objective To investigate the effect of Comfeel transparent dressing on chemotherapeutic phlebitis.
目的:探討康惠爾透明貼對化療性靜脈炎的防治作用.

ovarian

74
adj.卵巢的; 子房的
of, relating to, or involving an ovary
Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer contracted by women.
卵巢癌是女性常患的第六大癌癥。

synthesize

75
vt.綜閤; 人工閤成; (通過化學手段或生物過程)閤成; (音響)閤成vi.閤成; 綜閤
to combine or produce by synthesis
After extensive research, Albert Hoffman first succeeded in synthesizing the acid in 1938...
經過大量研究,艾伯特·霍夫曼於 1938 年首次成功閤成瞭該酸性物質。

indistinguishable

76
adj.難區分的,不能分辨的; 不易察覺的; 無特徵的
not distinguishable: such as
Replica weapons are indistinguishable from the real thing.
仿真武器與真武器很難區分。

termini

77
n.目的地,界標; 終點( terminus的名詞復數 ); 終點站; 界限; 界石
either end of a transportation line or travel route; also : the station, town, or city at such a place : terminal
Public transportation termini and depots are important infrastructures for a city.
公交場站設施是城市重要的基礎設施.

apparatus

78
n.機構,組織; 器械,設備
a set of materials or equipment designed for a particular use
the efficiency of the medical apparatus
醫療設備的效率

adenine

79
n.腺嘌呤
a purine base C5H5N5 that codes hereditary information in the genetic code in DNA and RNA
There are just four kinds: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.
隻有4種: 腺嘌呤 、 胸腺嘧啶 、 鳥嘌呤和胞核嘧啶.

judo

80
n.<日>柔道
a sport developed from jujitsu that emphasizes the use of quick movement and leverage to throw an opponent
They should not be as thick as Judo mats , since these impede Karate movement.
墊子不應該和柔道使用的一般厚, 而影響空手道的移動.

ratchet

81
n.(防倒轉的)棘齒
a mechanism that consists of a bar or wheel having inclined teeth into which a pawl drops so that motion can be imparted to the wheel or bar, governed, or prevented and that is used in a hand tool (such as a wrench or screwdriver) to allow effective motion in one direction only
The chair has a ratchet below it to adjust the height...
這把椅子下麵有棘輪調整高度。

depolymerization

82
n.解聚(閤)作用
to decompose (macromolecules) into simpler compounds (such as monomers)
This type of degradation is also called depolymerization.
這類降解也可稱作解聚閤.

buttress

83
n.扶壁; 支撐物vt.支持,鼓勵; 用扶壁支撐,加固
a projecting structure of masonry or wood for supporting or giving stability to a wall or building
He sought to buttress some of his arguments with quotations from Mein Kampf...
他引用《我的奮鬥》中的語錄來論證自己的觀點。

junction

84
n.連接,接閤; 會閤點,接閤點; (公路或鐵路的)交叉路口; (電纜等的)主結點
an act of joining : the state of being joined
Follow the road to a junction and turn left...
沿著這條路到交叉路口,然後左轉。

pate

85
n.禿頂,光頂; 魚醬,肉醬
a spread of finely chopped or pureed seasoned meat
...Bryan's bald pate.
布賴恩的禿頂

noted

86
adj.聞名的,著名的; [樂]附有樂譜的v.注意,記下; “note”的過去式和過去分詞
well-known by reputation : eminent, celebrated
...a television programme noted for its attacks on organised crime...
以抨擊有組織犯罪而知名的電視節目

unbound

87
adj.無束縛的; <正>不負有義務的v.解開,解放( unbind的過去式和過去分詞 )
not bound: such as
She unbound her hair and let it flow loose in the wind.
她把頭發解開,讓它隨風飄動。

timothy

88
n.梯牧草; 牛草
a European perennial grass (Phleum pratense) that has long cylindrical spikes and is widely grown for hay in the U.S.
Timothy was crying, mostly from exhaustion, and his nose was running.
由於太纍瞭,蒂莫西哭的一把鼻涕一把淚。

alternation

89
n.交替,輪流,間隔
the act or process of alternating or causing to alternate
The alternation of sun and snow continued for the rest of our holiday.
我們剩餘的假期裏依舊時而晴天時而下雪。

cancerous

90
adj.癌的; 像癌的; 得癌癥的; 不治的
a northern zodiacal constellation between Gemini and Leo
This type of surgery could even be used to extract cancerous growths.
這種外科手術甚至可以用來切除癌性腫瘤。

benign

91
adj.溫和的; (腫瘤)良性的; 宜人的
of a mild type or character that does not threaten health or life; especially : not becoming cancerous
She nodded benignly.
她友善地點瞭點頭。

superimpose

92
vt.添加; 附加
to place or lay over or above something
His picture was superimposed on a muscular body...
他的照片被移花接木,放在瞭一個肌肉發達的身體上。