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📖 Chapter17 - Biolex 學習卡片

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elemental

1
adj.基本的,主要的; 自然力的; [化]元素的; 強大的,可怕的
of, relating to, or being an element; specifically : existing as an uncombined chemical element
The elemental force of the wildfire swept through the valley.
野火的原始力量席捲瞭整個山榖。

variously

2
adv.不同地; 各種各樣地,多彩的; 多方麵地
in various ways : at various times
...the crowds, which were variously estimated at two to several thousand...
人數估計不一、從兩韆人到數韆人不等的人群

facultative

3
adj.特許的; 兼性的
of or relating to the grant of permission, authority, or privilege
All the photosynthetic bacteria possess the capability in addition to various facultative aerobes and obligate anaerobes.
所有光閤細菌加上各種兼性的好氧生物和絕對的厭氧生物具有這種能力.

botulinum

4
n.肉毒(杆)菌
a spore-forming bacterium (Clostridium botulinum) that secretes botulinum toxin
Since then, several studies have evaluated botulinum toxin as a migraine preventative.
在這之後, 數項研究都評定肉毒杆菌毒素是一種偏頭痛預防藥物.

toxin

5
n.毒素; 毒質
a poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organism and is usually very unstable, notably toxic when introduced into the tissues, and typically capable of inducing antibody formation
Experts have linked this condition to a build-up of toxins in the body…
專傢已把這一病癥與體內毒素的積纍聯係起來。

reuse

6
vt.再用,重新使用
to use again especially in a different way or after reclaiming or reprocessing
Try where possible to reuse paper.
盡可能重復使用紙張。

impetus

7
n.動力; 促進; 勢頭; 聲勢
a driving force : impulse
She was restless and needed a new impetus for her talent.
她躁動不安,需要為自己的纔華找到新的突破口。

seemingly

8
adv.看來似乎; 錶麵上看來; 貌似
outwardly or apparently —used to indicate how something appears or seems
A seemingly endless line of trucks waits in vain to load up.
一眼望不到頭的一長列卡車眼巴巴地等著裝貨。

searchable

9
[計] 可檢索的
to look into or over carefully or thoroughly in an effort to find or discover something: such as
searchable online library
可檢索的在綫圖書館

tory

10
n.英國保守黨的黨員; 保守黨黨員; 親英分子; 保守主義者adj.保守派的,保守主義的
conservative
Helen of Tory was beautiful beyond expression.
特洛伊城的海倫美麗得無法形容.

irreversible

11
adj.不可逆的; 不能翻轉的; 不能倒置的; [法]不可取消的
not reversible
She could suffer irreversible brain damage if she is not treated within seven days...
如果她在 7 天之內沒有得到治療,她的大腦有可能遭受不可逆轉的損傷。

invertebrate

12
n.無脊椎動物
lacking a spinal column; also : of, relating to, or concerned with invertebrate animals
They disliked him only because he was invertebrate.
他們不喜歡他就是認為他意誌較弱.

bicarbonate

13
n.重碳酸鹽
an acid carbonate
The sodium bicarbonate is not the as sodium chloride ( cooking salt ).
碳酸氫鈉是不一樣的氯化鈉 ( 食用鹽 ).

deposition

14
n.沉積(物); [律](在法庭上的)宣誓作證,證詞; 免職,革職
a testifying especially before a court
The jury heard 200 pages of depositions.
陪審團聽取瞭長達 200 頁的書麵證詞。

garland

15
n.花環,花冠,花圈; [建]華飾; 〈古〉詩歌選集; 勝利和榮譽的象徵v.戴花環; 把…做成花環; 給…飾以花環
a circular or spiral arrangement of intertwined material (such as flowers or leaves)
They wore garlands of summer flowers in their hair.
他們頭戴用夏季鮮花編成的花環。

totality

16
n.整體; 全部; 總數; 總額
an aggregate amount : sum, whole
...a process of social, economic and political change which involves the totality of human experience...
涉及人類全部經驗的社會、經濟和政治變革過程

recast

17
vt.再鑄; 重塑; 改正; 改作
to cast again; also : remodel, refashion
The shake-up aims to recast IBM as a federation of flexible and competing subsidiaries.
改組的目標是把IBM重組為一個靈活的、相互競爭的子公司聯盟。

simplified

18
v.使(某事物)簡單[簡明],簡化( simplify的過去式和過去分詞 )
to make simple or simpler: such as
Millions of people want new, simplified ways of interacting with a computer.
數以百萬計的人們想要新的簡化方式實現人機交互。

produced

19
adj.(葉子等)畸形伸長的,引長的v.生産( produce的過去式和過去分詞 ); 産生; 製作; 創作
to offer to view or notice
She produced the knife during arguments with her friends.
在和朋友爭吵的時候,她掏齣瞭刀。

conceptual

20
adj.觀念的,概念的
of, relating to, or consisting of concepts
...replacing old laws with new within the same conceptual framework.
在同一個概念體係內以新法代替舊法

diluted

21
adj.無力的,衝淡的v.稀釋,衝淡( dilute的過去式和過去分詞 ); 削弱,使降低效果
weakened or thinned by or as if by having been mixed with something else (such as water)
The liquid is then diluted.
然後液體被稀釋。

consecutively

22
adv.連續地
in a consecutive manner : with each following the other without interruption : with consecutive numbers or in consecutive occurrences
He was actually too depleted to think consecutively about anything.
他已經打不起一點精神,根本談不上好好思考一下.

fusion

23
n.融閤; 熔解,熔化; 融閤物; [物]核聚變
the act or process of liquefying or rendering plastic by heat
His previous fusions of jazz, pop and African melodies have proved highly successful.
事實證明他先前融閤瞭爵士樂、流行樂和非洲鏇律的作品非常成功。

schematic

24
adj.綱要的; 示意的; 嚴謹的; 有章法的
of or relating to a scheme or schema
This is represented in the schematic diagram below.
這正如下麵的這幅簡略圖所示。

sequentially

25
adv.繼續地,從而
of, relating to, or arranged in a sequence : serial
The pages are numbered sequentially.
頁麵按順序標瞭頁碼。

perpetual

26
adj.永久的; 不斷的; 無期限的; 四季開花的
continuing forever : everlasting
...the creation of a perpetual union.
永久聯盟的創立

endless

27
adj.無止境的; 無窮盡的; 永久的; 環狀的
being or seeming to be without end
They turned into an endless street...
他們轉入一條看不到盡頭的街道。

diver

28
n.潛水員; 跳水者,跳水運動員; 潛鳥; 〈俚〉潛水艇
one that dives
Police divers have recovered the body of a sixteen year old boy.
警方潛水員已經找到瞭一名16歲男孩的屍體。

gent

29
n.先生; 紳士; 男子; 男廁所
pretty, graceful
Don't be left standing, ladies and gents, while a bargain slips past your eyes.
彆隻顧站著,女士們先生們,便宜貨就要從你們的眼皮底下溜走嘍。

interrelated

30
adj.相互關聯的v.<書>相互關聯[影響]( interrelate的過去式和過去分詞 )
having a mutual or reciprocal relation
All things are interrelated.
萬物息息相關。

concomitant

31
adj.伴隨的,同時發生或齣現的n.伴隨發生的事; 伴隨物; 共存
accompanying especially in a subordinate or incidental way
Cultures that were better at trading saw a concomitant increase in their wealth...
比較擅長貿易的文明其財富也隨之增長。

convertible

32
adj.可轉換的,可兌換的n.敞篷車
capable of being converted
Her own car is a convertible Golf.
她自己有一輛敞篷高爾夫。

reversal

33
n.倒轉,顛倒; 反復; 逆轉,反轉; [法]撤消
an act or the process of reversing
The Financial Times says the move represents a complete reversal of previous US policy...
《金融時報》說此舉一反美國以往的政策。

manifold

34
adj.多種多樣的; 多方麵的; 有多種形式的; 有多種用途的n.具有多種形式的東西; 多支管; 歧管(汽車引擎用於進氣或排氣)
marked by diversity or variety
Gaelic can be heard here in manifold forms...
在這裏可以聽見各不相同的蓋爾語。

transporting

35
v.運送,流放( transport的現在分詞 ); 使萬分激動
to transfer or convey from one place to another
We've stopped transporting weapons to this country by train.
我們已停止用火車嚮該國運送武器.

regulated

36
v.控製( regulate的過去式和過去分詞 ); 管理; 調整; 調節
to govern or direct according to rule
The activities of credit companies are regulated by law.
信貸公司的業務受法律的製約。

oxidizing

37
v.(使某物)氧化,(使某物)生銹( oxidize的現在分詞 )
to combine with oxygen
The welding conditions should always be neutral or slightly oxidizing.
焊接氣氛必須永遠保持中性或微氧化.

degradative

38
adj.使下降(或降解、陵削、退化等)的,趨嚮下降(或降解等)的
the act or process of degrading
The degradative effect on surface was examined by SEM and XPS ( ESCA ).
通過掃描電鏡(SEM)和光電子能譜 ( XPS ) 錶徵材料錶麵降解情況.

funk

39
n.驚恐; 沮喪; 懦夫vt.(因恐懼)避開(某事物); 害怕; 使聞到刺鼻的味道vi.畏縮; 發齣刺鼻臭味
a strong offensive smell
...a mixture of experimental jazz, soul and funk.
實驗性爵士樂、靈樂和放剋音樂的融閤

beriberi

40
n.腳氣病
a deficiency disease marked by inflammatory or degenerative changes of the nerves, digestive system, and heart and caused by a lack of or inability to assimilate thiamine
A, such as scurvy, beriberi, or, caused by deficiency of one or more essential vitamins.
一種存在於新鮮水果(尤其是柑桔類水果)和蔬菜中的維生素;防止壞血病.

pyridine

41
n.吡啶(治喘病用); 氮(雜)苯
a toxic water-soluble flammable liquid base C5H5N of pungent odor that is the parent of many naturally occurring organic compounds and is used as a solvent and as a denaturant for alcohol and in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and waterproofing agents
The pyridine was chemisorbed at both Lewis and Bronsted sites on the glass surface.
在玻璃錶麵上,吡定都是化學地吸收在路易斯和布朗斯特德位置上的.

compo

42
n.混閤塗料,灰泥,工傷賠償
any of various composition materials
CRF of CAU 3144 F was the most optimal for petunia, COMPO for pansy and daisy respectively.
控釋肥CAU3144F、COMPO對雛菊、矮牽牛 、 三色堇的應用效果顯著.

derived

43
vi.起源; 由來; 衍生; 導齣v.得到( derive的過去式和過去分詞 ); (從…中)得到獲得; 源於; (從…中)提取
being, possessing, or marked by a character (such as the large brain in humans) not present in the ancestral form
Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek.
英語很多詞源齣於拉丁文和希臘文.

cleavage

44
n.分裂; [胚] 卵裂; 乳溝
the quality of a crystallized substance or rock of splitting along definite planes; also : the occurrence of such splitting
...the economic cleavages between the two regions.
那兩個地區之間的經濟差距

niacin

45
n.[生化]煙酸; 尼剋酸
an acid C6H5NO2 of the vitamin B complex found widely in animals and plants and used especially against pellagra; also : nicotinamide —called also nicotinic acid
House: The carrots turn you yellow, the niacin turns you red.
豪斯: 鬍蘿蔔讓你變黃, 煙堿酸把你變紅.

nicotinic

46
adj.煙堿的,煙堿酸的
relating to, resembling, producing, or mediating the effects produced by nicotine on nerve fibers at autonomic ganglia and at the neuromuscular junctions of voluntary muscle which increases activity in small doses and inhibits it in larger doses
Vitamin D is the only vitamin, apart from nicotinic acid, that is synthesized in the body.
除煙酸以外, 維生素D是唯一的在人體裏閤成的維生素.

riboflavin

47
n.核黃素; 維生素B2
a yellow crystalline compound C17H20N4O6 of the vitamin B complex that occurs both free (as in milk) and combined (as in liver) as a component of coenzymes (such as FMN) which are essential to normal metabolism —called also vitamin B2
Beet greens are a source of riboflavin, iron, and vitamins A and C.
甜菜葉是核黃素 、 鐵以及維生素A和C的來源.

pyridoxine

48
n.維生素B6
a crystalline phenolic alcohol C8H11NO3 of the vitamin B6 group found especially in cereals and convertible in the organism into pyridoxal and pyridoxamine
Evidence from case histories suggests that pyridoxine levels could be increased.
過去的記載提齣吡哆醇的水平可以提高.

retinol

49
n.鬆香油,維生素A,視黃醇
the chief and typical vitamin A C20H29OH that is a highly unsaturated alicyclic alcohol used in various forms in medicine and nutrition
The toxic level of retinol is about 500 times the minimum requirement.
視黃醇的中毒水平為最低需要量的500倍.

tocopherol

50
n.生育酚,維生素E
any of several fat-soluble oily phenolic compounds with varying degrees of antioxidant vitamin E activity; especially : alpha-tocopherol
Tocopherol esters are of a great variety and have various pharmaceutical functions.
生育酚酯種類很多,藥理功能不盡相同.

hindsight

51
n.後見之明; (步槍的)照尺; 錶尺
perception of the nature of an event after it has happened
Even with the benefit of hindsight, I doubt I would change anything if I had my time again.
就算是事後已經一切明瞭,如果讓我重來一次,我也不確定自己是否會作齣改變。

eminent

52
adj.卓越的; 傑齣的; 著名的
exhibiting eminence especially in standing above others in some quality or position : prominent
...an eminent scientist.
著名科學傢

microbiologist

53
微生物學傢
a branch of biology dealing with microscopic forms of life
...a professor of microbiology and immunology.
微生物學與免疫學教授

vitalist

54
n.活力論者
a doctrine that the functions of a living organism are due to a vital principle distinct from physicochemical forces
A vitalist refers to someone who believes in vitalism.
活力論者是指相信活力論的人。

transcend

55
vt.超越,超齣…的限度; 優於或勝過…; 高於或獨立於(宇宙)而生存
to rise above or go beyond the limits of
...issues like European union that transcend party loyalty.
諸如歐洲結盟這樣超越黨派忠誠的議題

fermentative

56
adj.有發酵力的,促起發酵的
causing or producing a substance that causes fermentation
All fermentative processes are the results of microbial activity.
一切發酵過程都是微生物作用的結果.

arsenal

57
n.兵工廠,軍火庫
an establishment for the manufacture or storage of arms and military equipment
Britain's military arsenal
英國的軍事武器庫

upstream

58
adv.嚮上遊; 逆流地
in the direction opposite to the flow of a stream
The small village is located five miles upstream from here.
這個小村莊位於從這裏沿河嚮上五英裏的地方。

downstream

59
adv.在下遊地; 順流地adj.順流而下的; 在下遊方嚮的
in the direction of or nearer to the mouth of a stream
These dams have restricted the flow of the river downstream.
這些堤壩限製瞭河水順流而下。

fungus

60
n.真菌; 黴,黴菌; [醫]海綿腫
any of a kingdom (Fungi) of saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic typically filamentous organisms formerly classified as plants that lack chlorophyll and include molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts
In this article , the jujube & tea fungus beverage and produced with and black tea.
以紅茶 、 紅棗等為原料,開發研製具有保健作用的發酵飲料.

beadle

61
n.(教區、大學等的)儀仗官
a minor parish official whose duties include ushering and preserving order at services and sometimes civil functions
The grim beadle now made a gesture with his staff.
獄吏此時用權杖做瞭個姿勢.

hypothesize

62
v.假設,假定,猜測
to make a hypothesis
To explain this, they hypothesise that galaxies must contain a great deal of missing matter which cannot be detected...
為瞭解釋這一點,他們假定各星係一定包含瞭大量無法探測到的不明物質。

heredity

63
n.遺傳; 遺傳性
inheritance
Heredity is not a factor in causing the cancer.
這種癌癥和遺傳無關。

stance

64
n.態度,立場; 站姿,被放置的姿勢; 位置; (運動員的)始發姿勢
station
The Congress had agreed to reconsider its stance on the armed struggle...
國會已同意重新考慮其對武裝鬥爭的態度。

alga

65
n.水藻
any of a diverse group of chiefly photosynthetic and aquatic plantlike organisms that range from unicellular to large multicellular forms, are typically classified as protists, and include the green, yellow-green, brown, golden-brown, and red algae in the eukaryotes and especially formerly the cyanobacteria in the prokaryotes
Spiral alga has a slimming effect, it is popular with many women.
螺鏇藻有減肥的作用, 受到許多女士的歡迎.

malic

66
adj.蘋果的,由蘋果取得的
involved in and especially catalyzing a reaction in which malic acid participates
NADP - malic enzyme is an important decarboxylase in CAM plants.
蘋果酸酶是CAM植物一種重要脫羧酶.

triose

67
n.丙糖
either of two monosaccharides C3H6O3 containing three carbon atoms
These reactions can conserve three of every four carbons diverted to glycolate by forming triose.
這些反應能把四分之三的乙醇酸的碳保存在三碳糖中.

curiously

68
adv.好奇地; 奇異地; 奇怪地; 說來古怪
in a curious manner
Steve was intensely curious about the world I came from...
史蒂夫非常想瞭解我以前生活的那個世界。

fixing

69
n.固定; 穩固; 設備; 安裝v.固定( fix的現在分詞 ); 準備; 修理; 使牢固
the act or process of one that fixes
I bored a hole so that the fixing bolt would pass through.
我鑽瞭個孔,好讓固定插銷穿過去。

identifiable

70
adj.可辨認的; 可視為相同的
capable of being identified
The house is easily identifiable by the large tree outside.
這房子很容易從外麵的這棵大樹辨認齣來。

creatine

71
n.肌酸
a white crystalline nitrogenous substance C4H9N3O2 found especially in the muscles of vertebrates either free or as phosphocreatine; also : a synthetic usually hydrated form of creatine taken especially as a dietary supplement
Acid, Whey Protein, Soy Protein, Amino Acids, Creatine, Glutamine Acid.
采購産品酸, 乳清蛋白, 大豆蛋白, 氨基酸, 肌酸, 榖氨酰胺酸.

forearm

72
n.前臂v.預先武裝;準備
to arm in advance : prepare
Any wobbling of the racquet is usually made with the wrist and forearm.
任何的網拍的搖動通常與手腕和前臂有關.

buffer

73
n.緩衝物,起緩衝作用的人; 緩衝器; 緩存區; 老糊塗v.保護,保障; 緩存
any of various devices or pieces of material for reducing shock or damage due to contact
The teacher's encouragement serves as a buffer against students' anxiety.
老師的鼓勵有助於緩解學生的焦慮。

unbroken

74
adj.未破損的; 連續的; (土地)未破土的; (馬等)未馴服的
not broken: such as
...an unbroken run of 38 match wins...
38場連勝

cytoplasm

75
n.細胞質,細胞漿
the organized complex of inorganic and organic substances external to the nuclear membrane of a cell and including the cytosol and membrane-bound organelles (such as mitochondria or chloroplasts)
The cytoplasm of TIL was little. The nucleus was round in shape.
電鏡下,可見腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞核大,胞質少, 核較圓.

differential

76
adj.差彆的; 特意的; [數]微分的; [機,物]差動的n.[數]微分; 差彆; 工資級差; [機]差動器
of, relating to, or constituting a difference : distinguishing
Germany and France pledged to maintain the differential between their two currencies.
德國和法國承諾保持兩國貨幣之間的差彆匯率。

homogenization

77
n.均化作用; 均勻化; 等質化; 均質化
the act or process of homogenizing
The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
大眾傳媒 、 廣告和體育也是協助人們均質化的推動力.

pellet

78
n.小球; 小子彈; 石彈,炮彈; (貨幣等的)圓浮雕
a usually small rounded, spherical, or cylindrical body (as of food or medicine)
He was shot in the head by an air gun pellet...
他被氣槍彈丸擊中頭部。

segregation

79
n.分離,隔離; 種族隔離; [化]分離,偏析; 熔析
the act or process of segregating : the state of being segregated
The Supreme Court unanimously ruled that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional...
聯邦最高法院一緻裁定學校實行的種族隔離措施違反憲法。

phosphor

80
n.磷,啓明星; 熒光體
a phosphorescent substance
Fractions of the phosphor are easily lost.
部分磷光體容易丟失.

extensively

81
adv.廣大地,廣泛地
having wide or considerable extent
Hydrogen is used extensively in industry for the production of ammonia.
氫氣在工業上廣泛用於製氨。

disruption

82
n.中斷,擾亂,混亂
the act or process of disrupting something : a break or interruption in the normal course or continuation of some activity, process, etc.
The strike is expected to cause delays and disruption to flights from Britain...
預計罷工將導緻英國航班的延誤和中斷。

compartment

83
n.隔間; 隔層
a separate division or section
On the way home we shared our first class compartment with a group of businessmen.
迴傢的路上,我們和一群生意人一起坐在一等車廂。

organelle

84
n.<生>細胞器
a specialized cellular part (such as a mitochondrion, chloroplast, or nucleus) that has a specific function and is considered analogous to an organ
There are numerous amoeboid nuclei suspended in the organelle - rich cytoplasm.
在富含細胞器的細胞質中,有許多變形核.

synchrony

85
n.同步(性)
synchronistic occurrence, arrangement, or treatment
Their mouths moved, also in synchrony.
他們的嘴移動, 也在synchrony中.

dian

86
abbr.digital analog 數字化模擬
Dian 1932—1985 American ethologist
Tungsten has the highest dian of all metals: 3400 centigrade.
鎢在所有金屬中具有最高的熔點,達到瞭3400攝氏度.

transitory

87
adj.不持續的; 短暫的,轉瞬即逝的; 朝露
of brief duration : temporary
Most teenage romances are transitory.
絕大多數十幾歲少年的戀情都轉瞬即逝。

daylight

88
n.日光; 在光天化日之下
the light of day
The recent murder happened in broad daylight in a supposedly 'safe' part of London.
最近的這起謀殺案是光天化日之下在倫敦一個據稱“安全”的城區發生的。