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📖 Chapter18 - Biolex 學習卡片

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arthritis

1
n.關節炎
inflammation of joints due to infectious, metabolic, or constitutional causes; also : a specific arthritic condition
I have a touch of arthritis in the wrist.
我的手腕患有輕微關節炎。

turnover

2
n.營業額,成交量; 人事變更率; 周轉率; 半圓餡餅
the amount received in sales for a stated period
We maintain a high turnover of inventory.
我們保持著較高的庫存周轉率。

anhydride

3
n.酐
a compound derived from another (such as an acid) by removal of the elements of water
Anhydride - type curing agents require the application of heat to promote polymerization.
酸酐類固化劑則要求加熱以促進聚閤反應.

lability

4
n.不穩定(性),易變(性)
readily or continually undergoing chemical, physical, or biological change or breakdown : unstable
There was some emotional lability and impulsiveness during the testing.
在測試過程中,患者容易衝動,情緒有時不穩定.

detour

5
v.繞路,繞道n.繞道; 彎路
a deviation from a direct course or the usual procedure; especially : a roundabout way temporarily replacing part of a route
He did not take the direct route to his home, but made a detour around the outskirts of the city.
他沒有直接迴傢,而是繞到市郊兜瞭個圈子。

prevalent

6
adj.流行的,盛行的; 普遍存在的,普遍發生的
generally or widely accepted, practiced, or favored : widespread
This condition is more prevalent in women than in men...
這種病癥在女性當中比在男性當中更為普遍。

rearrange

7
vt.重新安排; 重新布置; 改變既定的(計劃等); [化](分子)重排
to arrange (something or someone) again in a different way
When she returned, she found Malcolm had rearranged all her furniture...
她迴傢時,發現馬爾科姆把她所有的傢具都重新擺放瞭。

cation

8
n.陽離子
the ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the cathode; broadly : a positively charged ion
The cation penetrates the spore.
這種陽離子能透入孢子.

payoff

9
n.報酬; 結清,算清; 發工資; 結果,結局adj.決定性的; 産生結果的; 支付的
profit, reward
You're doing what you really love to do, which is making music — that's the payoff.
你現在做著你真正喜歡做的事情,也就是音樂製作——這就是迴報。

predominate

10
vi.占支配地位; (數量上)占優勢vt.在…中占優勢; 支配,統治
predominant
In older age groups women predominate because men tend to die younger...
在老年群體中女性占大多數,因為男性的壽命往往較短。

localize

11
vt.使局部化; 使具地方色彩
to make local : orient locally
Iodine tends to localize in the thyroid.
碘容易集於甲狀腺.

hallmark

12
n.檢驗印記; 特點,標誌; 質量證明vt.給…蓋上品質證明印記; 使具有…標誌
an official mark stamped on gold and silver articles in England to attest their purity
The killing had the hallmarks of a professional assassination...
這起謀殺案具有職業暗殺的特徵。

chap

13
n.(對男子的友好稱呼)傢夥,夥計v.使皸裂
a crack in or a sore roughening of the skin caused by exposure to wind or cold
She thought he was a very nice chap.
她覺得他是個大好人。

sauerkraut

14
n.<美>德國泡菜的一種; 酸泡菜; 醃菜; 酸菜
cabbage cut fine and fermented in a brine made of its own juice with salt
To reduce the sodium content, rinse canned or jarred sauerkraut before eating.
為瞭降低鈉的含量, 食用前衝洗灌裝或壇裝的醃菜.

cornea

15
n.眼角膜
the transparent part of the coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior
A cornea transplant can restore vision.
角膜移植可以恢復視力。

strenuously

16
adv.奮發地,費力地,勤奮地; 苦苦
vigorously active : energetic
The company concerned has strenuously denied the accusations.
有關公司極力否認這些指控。

bourbon

17
n.波旁威士忌; 一杯波旁威士忌酒
a member of a French family founded in 1272 to which belong the rulers of France from 1589 to 1793 and from 1814 to 1830, of Spain from 1700 to 1808, from 1814 to 1868, from 1875 to 1931, and from 1975, of Naples from 1735 to 1805, and of the Two Sicilies from 1815 to 1860
I poured a little more bourbon into my glass.
我又往酒杯裏倒瞭點兒波旁威士忌。

vert

18
n.森林中的草木,綠色; 傾側; 傾轉
green forest vegetation especially when forming cover or providing food for deer
Edison was a vert quick reader and he remembered everything in it.
愛迪生是個很快(很好)的閱讀者,他能記下看過的一切.

lewis

19
n.吊楔; (L-)路易斯(男子名,涵義:在戰場上很有名氣)
an iron dovetailed tenon that is made in sections, can be fitted into a dovetail mortise, and is used in hoisting large stones
Lewis is matched against the WBO's heavyweight champion, Tommy Morrison.
劉易斯對決世界拳擊組織的重量級拳王湯米·莫裏森。

acetate

20
n.醋酸鹽; 醋酸酯; 醋酸縴維; 醋酸人造絲
a salt or ester of acetic acid
The reverse of Reaction 11 for acetate may be combined with the electron acceptor reactions.
對於醋酸鹽、反應11的逆反應可以與電子接受體反應組閤在一起.

gatekeeper

21
n.看門人
one that tends or guards a gate
The librarian serves as a gatekeeper, reviewing all books before they are placed on the shelves.
圖書管理員充當把關者,所有書籍都需經她審核纔能上架。

thetic

22
adj.武斷的; 獨斷的; (古典詩中)揚音節的; 以揚音開始的
constituting or beginning with a poetic thesis
From an aesthetic point of view it's a thetic view.
從美學觀點來說,這是個武斷的看法.

shunt

23
v.使轉軌; 使分流; 轉嚮一邊; 避開n.轉軌; 分流器
to turn off to one side : shift
He has spent most of his life being shunted between his mother, father and various foster families...
他一生中的大部分時間都在他母親、父親及各種各樣的寄養傢庭之間輾轉度過。

dynamically

24
[計] 動態的
marked by usually continuous and productive activity or change
He's one of the most dynamically imaginative jazz pianists still functioning.
他是當下仍舊活躍的最有闖勁、最具想象力的爵士樂鋼琴師之一。

citation

25
n.引用,引述; 嘉奬; 〈法律〉傳喚
an official summons to appear (as before a court)
The lawyer received a citation for outstanding contributions to legal research.
這位律師因對法學研究的傑齣貢獻而獲得瞭錶彰。

cytochrome

26
n.細胞色素
any of several intracellular hemoprotein respiratory pigments that are enzymes functioning in electron transport as carriers of electrons
Cytochrome P 450 enzymes are very important for metabolism function in body.
細胞色素P450酶是體內代謝轉換的重要酶係.

oxidase

27
n.氧化酶
any of various enzymes that catalyze oxidations; especially : one able to react directly with molecular oxygen
Monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) inhibitors were introduced into therapy for the treatment of depression in 1957.
單胺氧化酶 ( MAO ) 抑製劑1957年被推薦用來治療抑鬱癥.

equestrian

28
adj.騎馬的,馬的; 騎術的; 騎士團的
of, relating to, or featuring horseback riding
...his equestrian skills.
他的騎術

vive

29
int.萬歲!adj.活潑的,有生氣的
long live the difference (as between the sexes)
Vive la R é publique ! Vive la France!
共和國萬歲! 法蘭西萬歲!

frozen

30
adj.冷凍的; 冰封的; 凍硬的; 呆若木雞的v.結冰( freeze的過去分詞); 冷藏; 凍結; 凍住
treated, affected, or crusted over by freezing
It was bitterly cold now and the ground was frozen hard.
現在天氣冷極瞭,地麵都凍硬瞭。

subsist

31
vi.(靠很少的錢或食物)維持生活,生存下去
to have existence : be
The prisoners subsisted on one mug of the worst quality porridge three times a day...
犯人們每日三餐靠一碗稀粥度日。

elegance

32
n.高雅; 優雅
refined grace or dignified propriety : urbanity
In the dining-room the draperies create an atmosphere of elegance.
在餐廳裏,打褶裝飾物能營造雅緻的氛圍。

cirrhosis

33
n.<醫>肝硬化; 硬變
widespread disruption of normal liver structure by fibrosis and the formation of regenerative nodules that is caused by any of various chronic progressive conditions affecting the liver (such as long-term alcohol abuse or hepatitis)
What do you think needs to be considered when we use transient elastography to diagnose cirrhosis?
您認為當我們應用瞬時彈性成像圖診斷肝硬化的時候應該注意什麼 呢 ?

prevalence

34
n.流行; 盛行; 普遍; (疾病等的)流行程度
the quality or state of being prevalent
This condition is more prevalent in women than in men...
這種病癥在女性當中比在男性當中更為普遍。

concurrent

35
adj.同時發生的
operating or occurring at the same time
Galerie St. Etienne is holding three concurrent exhibitions...
聖艾蒂安美術館同時舉辦3場展覽。

hereditary

36
adj.(生物學中)遺傳的; 世襲的; 遺傳性
genetically transmitted or transmittable from parent to offspring
British Prime Ministers are traditionally offered hereditary peerages.
英國首相傳統上會被授予可世襲的貴族爵位。

afflict

37
vt.使受痛苦; 摺磨; 使苦惱
to cause pain or suffering to : to distress so severely as to cause persistent suffering or anguish
There are two main problems which afflict people with hearing impairments...
聽力有障礙的人們主要受到兩大問題的睏擾。

kaiser

38
n.皇帝
emperor; especially : the ruler of Germany from 1871 to 1918
Take the German Kaiser , for example.
德皇 威廉就有這樣一個例子.

radioactive

39
adj.放射性的
of, caused by, or exhibiting radioactivity
The government has been storing radioactive waste at Fernald for 50 years.
政府在弗納德存放放射性廢料已達50年之久。

fluorine

40
n.<化>氟; 砩
a nonmetallic gaseous chemical element of the halogen group with atomic number 9 that readily forms compounds with almost all other elements including some noble gases
A large proportion of the fluorine is vaporized during the concentration process.
在濃縮過程中大部份氟蒸齣.

millimeter

41
n.毫米
a unit of length equal to 1/10₀₀ meter
I commonly use the Olympus 100 millimeter telephoto lens.
i普遍使用奧林巴斯100毫米遠攝鏡頭.

probe

42
n.[醫](對傷處等的)針探,探查; [醫]探針,取樣器; 探頭; 探測儀vt.& vi.探索,調查; 用探針(或探測器等)探查,探測vt.盤問; (用試探性襲擊等)偵察(敵情); 用尖物刺穿(物件); 用力使嚮前推進
a slender medical instrument used especially for exploration (as of a wound or body cavity)
The more they probed into his background, the more inflamed their suspicions would become...
他們越調查他的背景,疑團就越多。

converted

43
adj.更換信仰的,修改的v.(使)轉變( convert的過去式和過去分詞 ); (使)轉化; 皈依; 改變(信仰)
to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another
He quickly converted me to the joys of cross-country skiing.
他很快就使我迷上瞭越野滑雪。

malignant

44
adj.惡性的,緻命的; 惡意的,惡毒的
tending to produce death or deterioration; especially : tending to infiltrate, metastasize, and terminate fatally
She developed a malignant breast tumour.
她長瞭一個惡性的乳房腫瘤。

toxicity

45
n.毒性,毒力
the quality or state of being toxic: such as
...the cost of cleaning up toxic waste...
清除有毒廢棄物的成本

placental

46
adj.胎盤的
of, relating to, having, or occurring by means of a placenta
Placental animals exhibit diverse reproductive strategies.
胎盤動物展現齣多樣化的繁殖策略。

mammary

47
adj.乳房的,乳腺的
of, relating to, lying near, or affecting the mammae
Objective : To investigate the progress of MRI diagnosis in mammary cancer.
目的: 探討MRI診斷乳腺癌的研究進展.

lactation

48
n.哺乳期
the production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands
Amazingly little is known about human lactation, or nursing.
對人類哺育嬰兒或哺乳所知甚少.

prolactin

49
n.催乳激素; 催乳素
a protein hormone of the anterior lobe of the pituitary that induces lactation
Nursing stimulates further production of prolactin and, therefore, of milk.
哺乳本身刺激催乳激素的産生, 從而生産更多的乳汁.

fetus

50
n.胎,胎兒
an unborn or unhatched vertebrate especially after attaining the basic structural plan of its kind; specifically : a developing human from usually two months after conception to birth
Some parents choose to end a pregnancy if the fetus is a girl.
一些夫妻發現胎兒是女孩的話,會選擇打胎.

gestation

51
n.懷孕; 懷孕期; (思想、主意等的)構思、醞釀; 孕育(過程)
the carrying of young in the uterus : pregnancy
...the seventeenth week of gestation...
妊娠第17周

intolerant

52
adj.不能容忍的,不容異議的,心胸狹窄的
unable or unwilling to endure
He was intolerant of both suggestions and criticisms.
他對建議與批評都不能容忍。

commercially

53
adv.商業上,通商上
occupied with or engaged in commerce or work intended for commerce
Some of the commercially produced venison resembles beef in flavour.
有些商業化養殖的鹿肉味道和牛肉很相似。

lactobacillus

54
n.乳酸菌
any of a genus (Lactobacillus) of bacteria that produce lactic acid
The strain of L 1001 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum L 1001 by the API method.
利用API鑒定 係統L1001菌株被鑒定為植物乳杆菌LactobacillusplantarumL1001.

nomadic

55
adj.遊牧的; 流浪的
of, relating to, or characteristic of nomads
...the great nomadic tribes of the Western Sahara.
西撒哈拉偉大的遊牧部落

kefir

56
n.<俄>(由牛奶發酵而成的)剋非爾,酸乳酒
a beverage of fermented cow's milk
Kefir can prevent osteoporosis when fortified isoflavone and calcium . Kefir soy milk also.
強化鈣、大豆異黃酮於開菲爾中,賦予開菲爾預防骨質疏鬆等功能.

starter

57
n.(發動機的)啓動裝置; 參賽人; (主菜之前的)開胃小吃; (賽跑等的)發令員
a person who initiates or sets going: such as
A car's starter is basically an electric motor.
汽車的啓動裝置基本上是個電動機。

effervescent

58
adj.冒泡的,興奮的
having the property of forming bubbles : marked by or producing effervescence
...an effervescent blonde actress...
熱情活潑的金發女演員

intoxicate

59
vt.使喝醉; 使陶醉; 使激動不已; 使欣喜若狂
to excite or stupefy by alcohol or a drug especially to the point where physical and mental control is markedly diminished
Wine has the power to intoxicate.
酒能醉人.

jordan

60
n.錐形精磨機,低速磨漿機; 精漿機
David Starr 1851—1931 American biologist and educator
Jordan promised to trim the city budget without cutting essential services.
喬丹承諾在不減少基本服務的前提下,縮減市政預算。

japan

61
n.黑色亮漆,日本亮漆; (日本式)漆器vt.在(尤指木製品或金屬製品)上塗黑色亮漆
of, relating to, or originating in Japan : of a kind or style characteristic of Japanese workmanship
Relations between Japan and China have recently been on the mend.
最近,中日關係在嚮好的方麵發展.

inability

62
n.無能,無力; 無纔能; 無能為力
lack of sufficient power, resources, or capacity
...the government's inability to provide basic services.
政府無力提供基本的公共服務

constitutive

63
adj.構成的,製定的
having the power to enact or establish : constructive
This means that constitutive equations must be framed in tensor language.
這意味著建立本構方程必須采用張量符號.

loop

64
n.圈,環; [醫]宮內避孕環; 迴路; 彎麯部分v.(使)成環,(使)成圈; 以環連結; 使翻筋鬥
a curving or doubling of a line so as to form a closed or partly open curve within itself through which another line can be passed or into which a hook may be hooked
Mrs. Morrell reached for a loop of garden hose.
莫雷爾太太伸手去拿繞成圈的花園澆水用的軟管。

continually

65
adv.不停地; 持續地; 屢屢地; 一再地
in a continual manner : without stopping or interruption : in a constantly repeated manner : over and over
The students continually interrupted the teacher with their questions.
學生們不斷地用問題打斷老師。

proteolytic

66
adj.(分)解蛋白的,蛋白水解的
of, relating to, or producing proteolysis
Serizyme, a standardized bacterial proteolytic enzyme, may be used.
絲膠酶是一種標準的細菌解朊酶, 也可以應用.

dimerization

67
n.二聚(作用)
a compound formed by the union of two radicals or two molecules of a simpler compound; specifically : a polymer formed from two molecules of a monomer
Inhibiting the dimerization of RAF may therefore block its activation, thus stopping cancer cells from growing.
抑製RAF二聚物因此可能阻止其激活, 從而阻止癌細胞的生長.

availability

68
n.可用性; 有效性; 可得到的東西
the quality or state of being available
Since 1978, the amount of money available to buy books has fallen by 17%...
自1978年以來,可用於采購圖書的經費已經減少瞭17%。

aero

69
adj.航空的,飛行的,飛機的
of or relating to aircraft or aeronautics
Aero - tuned rear spoiler: Reduces lift, creates vacuum to maximize airflow through helmet.
航空調整後擾流闆: 降低升降機, 創造真空氣流,以最大限度地通過頭盔.

reactant

70
n.反應物
a substance that enters into and is altered in the course of a chemical reaction
This preparation uses dialkyl imidazole salt, alkyl pyridine salt or caprolactam and fatty acid as reactant.
該方法使用帶有二烷基咪唑鹽 、 烷基吡啶鹽或者己內酰胺和脂肪酸作為反應物.

phosphorylase

71
n.磷酸化酶
any of the enzymes that catalyze phosphorolysis with the formation of organic phosphates
Plant phosphorylase exhibits several differences from animal phosphorylase.
植物磷酸化酶與動物磷酸化酶比較,顯示幾方麵的差異.

fixed

72
adj.固定的,不變的; 執著的; 呆闆的
securely placed or fastened : stationary
They issue a fixed number of shares that trade publicly...
他們發行一定數量的可公開交易的股票。

hedonic

73
adj.享樂的n.享樂主義學說
of, relating to, or characterized by pleasure
This is what psychologists have called'hedonic adaptation '.
這就是心理學傢所說的 “ 享樂性適應 ”.

societal

74
adj.社會的
of or relating to society : social
...the societal changes that have taken place over the last two decades.
過去 20 年裏發生的社會變化

dietetic

75
adj.飲食的,營養的
of or relating to diet
All dietetic meals are low in sugar.
所有減肥餐的含糖量都很低。

astrocyte

76
n.(腦和骨髓的)星細胞,星形膠質細胞
a large star-shaped cell of the glia
After coculture with T cells 31.25 % - 75 % astrocyte CPE was diminished, and - 75 % cytomegalovirus DNA load was reduced.
共培養的T細胞能夠減少31.25%~75%的細胞病變産生, 減少~75%的CMVDNA負荷量.

neuron

77
n.神經元; 神經細胞
a grayish or reddish granular cell that is the fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue transmitting and receiving nerve impulses and having cytoplasmic processes which are highly differentiated frequently as multiple dendrites or usually as solitary axons which conduct impulses to and away from the cell body : nerve cell
Information is transferred along each neuron by means of an electrical impulse.
信息在電脈衝作用下經神經元傳遞。

neurodegenerative

78
adj.神經組織退化的
relating to or marked by degeneration of nervous tissue
In this review , we discussed the relationship between NTFs and neurodegenerative diseases especially AD and PD.
因此, 本文主要討論NTFs與神經元退行性變疾病特彆是AD和PD之間的關係.

stanhope

79
n.單座二輪或四輪輕便馬車,印刷機的一種
a gig, buggy, or phaeton typically having a high seat and closed back
If asked, she would have said that Charlotte Stanhope was her especial friend.
如果有人問她, 她就會說,夏洛特·斯坦霍普是她的特殊朋友.

havel

80
n.哈弗爾河(位於德國東北部)
Václav 1936—2011 Czech writer and politician; president of Czechoslovakia (1989—92); president of Czech Republic (1993—2003)
The Havel lake froze over for about three months.
哈弗爾河封凍瞭三個月.

adverse

81
adj.不利的; 有害的; 反麵的
acting against or in a contrary direction : hostile
The police said Mr Hadfield's decision would have no adverse effect on the progress of the investigation...
警方稱哈德菲爾德先生的決定將不會對調查的進展造成不利影響。

epidemiological

82
adj.流行病學
a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population
The epidemiological studies played a key role in these decisions.
流行病學研究在這些裁定中都起著重要作用.

mechanistic

83
adj.機械論學說的,機械論的
mechanically determined
...a mechanistic view of things that ignores the emotional realities in people's lives...
置人們生活中各種情感現實於不顧的機械論觀點

nonalcoholic

84
adj.不含酒精的
not alcoholic: such as
Objective To analyse clinical features of nonalcoholic fatty liver.
目的:分析非酒精性脂肪肝的臨床特點.

additive

85
n.添加劑; 添加物; [數]加法
of, relating to, or characterized by addition
Strict safety tests are carried out on food additives.
對食品添加劑進行瞭嚴格的安全檢測。

proliferative

86
增生性的,增殖的
to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, buds, or offspring
Most cases were companied by various extent proliferative vitreoretinopathy ( PVR ).
大部分患眼伴有不同程度玻璃體視網膜增殖病變 ( PVR ).

multifaceted

87
adj.多方麵的,多纔多藝的
having many facets or aspects
Webb is a multi-faceted performer...
韋布是一個多纔多藝的錶演者。

metastasis

88
n.轉移
change of position, state, or form
Metastasis is inherently an inefficient process.
腫瘤轉移實際上是一個低效率的過程.

ischemic

89
缺血性的
deficient supply of blood to a body part (such as the heart or brain) that is due to obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood
Ischemic optic neuropathy was present in 0.006 % of patients.
006%的病人齣現缺血性視神經病變.

redox

90
n.氧化還原作用
of or relating to oxidation-reduction
The oxaloacetate level in the mitochondria is determined by the redox state.
綫粒體中草酰乙酸水平又取決於氧化還原狀態.

pathology

91
n.病理(學); 〈比喻〉異常狀態
the study of the essential nature of diseases and especially of the structural and functional changes produced by them
Under the pathology conditions, excessive nitric oxide can induce nerve injury.
在病理條件下, 過量的一氧化氮可引起神經損傷.

endocrinology

92
n.內分泌學
a branch of medicine concerned with the structure, function, and disorders of the endocrine glands
Recent advances in reproductive endocrinology are primarily due to the development of radioimmunoassay.
最近取得的生殖內分秘研究成果,主要是由於放射免疫分析的進展.

zoology

93
n.動物學
a branch of biology concerned with the classification and the properties and vital phenomena of animals
Strengthen zoology environment construction, oneself dot depends on raising afforestation rate.
加強生態環境建設, 著力點在於提高造林成活率.

warren

94
n.兔穴; 人口擁擠的地區,易迷路的場所
a place legally authorized for keeping small game (such as hare or pheasant)
Mr Warren sued him for libel over the remarks.
沃倫先生控告他散布誹謗性言論。