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📖 Chapter2 - Biolex 學習卡片

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chloride

1
n.氯化物; 〈口〉漂白粉
a compound of chlorine with another element or group; especially : a salt or ester of hydrochloric acid
The scientific name for common salt is sodium chloride.
食鹽的學名是氯化鈉。

electrostatic

2
adj.靜電的,靜電學的; 靜電式
of or relating to static electricity or electrostatics
Some of the topics include measurement connections, electrostatic interference and shielding, environmental factors, speed considerations, etc.
若乾標題包括:測量連接 、 靜電乾擾和屏蔽 、 環境因素和速度考慮等.

inter

3
vt.埋,葬
to deposit (a dead body) in the earth or in a tomb
Fraser did not perform until after inter-mission.
弗雷澤直到中場休息之後纔上場。

methyl

4
n.甲基,木精
an alkyl radical CH3 derived from methane
Allene is an isomer of methyl acetylene.
丙二烯是甲基乙炔的一種異構體.

ethyl

5
adj.含乙基的
an alkyl radical CH3CH2— derived from ethane
Ethyl alcohol is commonly used as a solvent in laboratories.
乙醇在實驗室中常用作溶劑。

reorganize

6
vt.& vi.改組,重新組織; 改編,整編
to organize again or anew
It is the mother who is expected to reorganize her busy schedule...
應該讓母親來重新安排自己緊張的日程。

fatty

7
adj.油膩的; 肥胖的; 多脂肪的n.胖子
containing fat especially in unusual amounts; also : unduly stout : corpulent
Don't eat fatty food or chocolates...
不要吃高脂食物或巧剋力。

straddle

8
v.叉開腿; 跨坐; 不錶明態度; [軍]嚮(目標)作夾叉射擊[轟炸]
to stand, sit, or walk with the legs wide apart; especially : to sit astride
He sat down, straddling the chair.
他跨坐在椅子上。

actuality

9
n.(常用復數)現狀; 現實; 事實
the quality or state of being actual
The woman he had seen performing on stage was in actuality quite older than she had seemed.
他所見的那個在舞颱上錶演的女人實際年齡比看上去要大很多。

stoichiometry

10
n.化學計算(法),化學計量學
a branch of chemistry that deals with the application of the laws of definite proportions and of the conservation of mass and energy to chemical activity
Undoubtedly many different reactions contributed to the overall stoichiometry of photosynthesis.
無疑,這種光閤作用的總的化學計量學中,包含有許多不同的反應.

relevance

11
n.重要性; 意義; 相關性; 關聯;適當;中肯
relation to the matter at hand
Politicians' private lives have no relevance to their public roles...
政治傢的私生活與他們的公眾角色不相關。

hydrocarbon

12
n.<化>碳氫化閤物,烴
an organic compound (such as acetylene or butane) containing only carbon and hydrogen and often occurring in petroleum, natural gas, coal, and bitumens
During incomplete combustion some of the hydrocarbon fuel is cracked.
在不完全的燃燒中,一些烴燃料裂解.

palmitic

13
adj.采自棕櫚的
a waxy crystalline saturated fatty acid C16H32O2 occurring free or in the form of esters (such as glycerides) in most fats and fatty oils and in several essential oils and waxes
Soy bean oil and its products normally contains only 7 to 11 % palmitic acid.
豆油及豆油製品在正常情況下隻含7-11%的軟脂酸.

carboxylate

14
n.羧酸鹽,羧酸酯
a salt or ester of a carboxylic acid
Resin, Terpene Resin, Resin Derivatives, Tall Oil Fatty Acid, Metal Carboxylate Resin.
采購産品樹脂, 萜烯樹脂, 樹脂衍生物, 塔爾油脂肪酸, 金屬羧酸酯樹脂.

micelle

15
n.膠束; 膠囊; 微胞; 微團
a unit of structure built up from polymeric molecules or ions: such as
Objective : To prepare Danshen Injection Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae by micelle - ultrafiltration.
目的: 利用膠團超濾法優化丹參注射液(丹參)製備工藝.

char

16
vt.把…燒成炭,把…燒焦; 燒焦vi.燒成炭,燒焦; <主英>做雜役女傭n.碳; (尤指傢庭的)雜務; <魚>嘉魚; 茶(英式英語舊時用法)
any of a genus (Salvelinus) of small-scaled trouts with light-colored spots
a pot of char
一壺茶

glucose

17
n.[化]葡萄糖,右鏇糖
a crystalline sugar C6H12O6; specifically : the sweet colorless soluble dextrorotatory form that occurs widely in nature and is the usual form in which carbohydrate is assimilated by animals
Sucrose is sweet than glucose but not as sweet as fructose.
蔗糖比葡萄糖甜,但沒有果糖甜.

hydronium

18
n.水閤氫,離子
a hydrated hydrogen ion H3O+
Lithium hydronium cell ( group ), nicel hydrogen cell ( group ), nicel cadmium cell ( group ), fastener cell ( group ).
鋰離子電池 ( 組 ) 、 鎳氫電池 ( 組 ) 、 鎳鎘電池 ( 組 ) 、 紐扣電池.

adjacent

19
adj.鄰近的; 毗鄰的
not distant : nearby
He sat in an adjacent room and waited...
他坐在隔壁房間裏等候。

reciprocal

20
adj.相互的; 互惠的; 倒數的
inversely related : opposite
They expected a reciprocal gesture before more hostages could be freed...
在更多人質獲得自由之前他們期望看到對方也有相應的錶示。

magnesia

21
n.<化>氧化鎂, <礦>鎂氧; 苦土; 菱苦土粉
magnesium oxide
The application of Light burned magnesia and magnesium hydroxide to environmental protection is presented.
介紹瞭輕燒氧化鎂和氫氧化鎂在環保領域中的應用現狀.

saliva

22
n.唾液,口水; 津; 吐沫; 涎
a slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (such as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches
To let saliva drip from the mouth; drool.
讓唾液從口裏流下; 流口水.

calculated

23
adj.計算齣的; 有計劃的; 適當的; 適閤的v.計算(calculate的過去式和過去分詞)
apt, likely
a deliberate mistake
一個蓄意的錯誤

quantitative

24
adj.定量的; 數量(上)的
of, relating to, or expressible in terms of quantity
...the advantages of quantitative and qualitative research.
定量研究與定性研究的優勢

succinic

25
adj.琥珀的,丁二酸的,琥珀酸的
a crystalline dicarboxylic acid C4H6O4 found widely in nature and active in energy-yielding metabolic reactions
Suitable anhydrides for use in this process include phthalic , maleic, and succinic.
適用於本法的酸酐有苯二甲酸, 馬來酸及琥珀酸的酸酐.

neutralize

26
vt.使中立化; 使無效; 宣布中立; 中和
to make chemically neutral
The US is trying to neutralize the resolution in the UN Security Council...
美國正試圖在聯閤國安理會使該決議無效。

buff

27
n.米色; 愛好者; 黃褐色軟皮革(尤指水牛皮或黃牛皮革); 黃皮軍裝上衣adj.淺黃色的; 米色的黃褐色軟皮革(尤指水牛皮或黃牛皮革); 黃皮革製的; <美,俚>健美的vt.用軟物擦亮(金屬); 使皮革柔軟; 減低(力量); 減弱vi.作緩衝器,緩衝
a garment (such as a uniform) made of buff leather
a buff folder
淺黃褐色文件夾

compatibility

28
n.並存,相容; 兼容性
capable of existing together in harmony
Free enterprise, he argued, was compatible with Russian values and traditions...
他認為自由企業製並不違背俄羅斯的價值觀和傳統。

commonly

29
adv.通常地; 一般地; 平凡地; 粗俗地
of or relating to a community at large : public
William is commonly referred to as Will.
威廉通常被稱為威爾。

pepsin

30
n.胃蛋白酶
a protease of the stomach that breaks down most proteins to polypeptides
In order to obtain the wheat peptides , vital wheat gluten hydrolyzed by pepsin in this experiment.
以小麥蛋白為原料,采用胃蛋白酶製備小麥肽, 並對其水解工藝進行優化.

lysozyme

31
n.溶解酵素
a basic bacteriolytic protein that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan and is present in egg white and in human tears and saliva
Lysozyme is an enzyme found in egg white, tears, and other secretions.
溶菌酶是存在於卵白 、 淚和其他分泌物中的一種酶.

glycine

32
n.糖膠,氨基乙酸; 甘氨酸
a sweet crystalline amino acid C2H5NO2 obtained especially by hydrolysis of proteins
The glycine can give rise to serine with the elimination of carbon dioxide and ammonia.
甘氨酸去除二氧化碳和氨能産生絲氨酸.

ethane

33
n.乙烷
a colorless odorless gaseous alkane C2H6 found in natural gas and used as a fuel
Can detect hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, dioxide, ethylene, ethane, acetylene and other gases.
可對氫 、 氧 、 氮 、 一氧化碳 、 甲烷 、 二氧化碳 、 乙烯 、 乙烷 、 乙炔九種氣體檢測.

piperazine

34
n.呱嗪,對二氮己環
a crystalline heterocyclic base C4H10N2 used especially as an anthelmintic
Piperazine citrate is the drug of choice in the treatment of Ascaris infestations.
枸櫞酸呱嗪治療蛔蟲感染是最好的藥物.

respiration

35
n.呼吸,一次呼吸; (植物的)呼吸; 一息
the movement of air or dissolved gases into and out of the lungs
His respiration grew fainter throughout the day.
一天當中,他的呼吸越來越微弱。

respiratory

36
adj.呼吸的
the movement of air or dissolved gases into and out of the lungs
A cold is an infection of the upper respiratory tract.
感冒是上呼吸道的感染。

innocuous

37
adj.無害的; 平淡無味的
producing no injury : harmless
Both mushrooms look innocuous but are in fact deadly...
這兩種蘑菇看起來似乎都無害,實際上卻是緻命的。

condensation

38
n.凝結的水珠; (氣體)冷凝; 簡縮(書)
the act or process of condensing: such as
He used his sleeve to wipe the condensation off the glass.
他用袖子擦掉玻璃上凝結的水珠。

capillary

39
n.毛細管; 毛細血管; 微管
resembling a hair especially in slender elongated form
In order to improve the design efficiency of capillary tubes, capillary tube models are developed.
通過毛細管模型可極大地提高製冷裝置設計中毛細管選型工作的效率.

watery

40
adj.含水的,水分多的; 水一般的; 無味的; 有雨意的
consisting of, filled with, or surrounded by water
Her cheeks were pale and watery.
她的臉頰蒼白,淚光閃閃。

foundational

41
基本的,基礎的
of, relating to, or forming or serving as a base or foundation : fundamental
Perhaps the very foundational laws upholding all sensible laws are in flux.
也許維持所有理性規律的特殊的基本規律都處於不斷變動中.

resultant

42
adj.因而發生的,結果必然産生的; [物]組閤的,閤成的
derived from or resulting from something else
At least a quarter of a million people have died in the fighting and the resultant famines.
至少25萬人死於這場戰鬥和由此引發的飢荒。

distilled

43
adj.由蒸餾得來的v.蒸餾( distil的過去式和過去分詞 ); 從…提取精華
to let fall, exude, or precipitate in drops or in a wet mist
Reviews are distilled from articles previously published in the main column.
述評是從先前刊登在主要專欄的文章中提煉齣來的。

lactate

44
v.(哺乳動物)泌乳n.乳酸酯(或鹽)
a salt or ester of lactic acid
Ingredients: refined wheat flour, fresh milk, calcium lactate, iodin refined salt , purified water.
配料: 精製小麥粉 、 鮮牛奶 、 乳酸鈣 、 碘精鹽 、 淨水.

oxidation

45
n.氧化
the act or process of oxidizing
Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.
碳化閤物氧化後必然會産生二氧化碳。

dioxide

46
n.二氧化物
an oxide (such as carbon dioxide) containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule
The sulfur dioxide combines with water in the air, forming sulfuric acid.
二氧化硫與水結閤在空氣中, 形成硫酸.

ubiquity

47
n.到處存在,(同時的)普遍存在
presence everywhere or in many places especially simultaneously : omnipresence
Ubiquity might not be toxic to authenticity, but it certainly dilutes it.
普遍性或許不至於毒害原真性, 但確實會削弱它.

bland

48
adj.溫和的,和藹的; 平和的; 味道溫和的; 無動於衷的
smooth and soothing in manner or quality
a rather bland selection of rice, chicken and vegetables
一份平淡無奇的米飯、雞肉加蔬菜的選擇

fascinating

49
adj.極有吸引力的; 迷人的
extremely interesting or charming : captivating
Madagascar is the most fascinating place I have ever been to...
馬達加斯加是我去過的最迷人的地方。

terrestrial

50
adj.陸地的; 地球的; 人間的; <天>類地行星的
of or relating to the earth or its inhabitants
Terrestrial and aquatic fauna may sometimes be found resting together under a loose stone.
有時在鬆動的石頭下可以同時看見棲息的陸生動物和水生動物。

aerial

51
adj.空中的; 空氣中的; 地錶以上的; 從飛機上的n.天綫
of, relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere
The seagulls swirled in aerial combat over the barges.
海鷗盤鏇在駁船上方,展開空中的搏鬥。

dependency

52
n.依賴,依靠; 屬國,屬地
dependence
...the tiny British dependency of Montserrat in the eastern Caribbean.
位於加勒比海東部巴掌大的英國附屬領地濛特塞拉特

indirect

53
adj.間接的; 不直截瞭當的; 閃爍其詞的; 不坦率的
not direct: such as
Businesses are feeling the indirect effects from the recession that's going on elsewhere...
企業感受到瞭彆處經濟衰退帶來的間接影響。

unexpected

54
adj.齣乎意料的
not expected : unforeseen
His death was totally unexpected...
他的死亡完全齣乎意料。

fluoride

55
n.[化]氟化物
a compound of fluorine
Fluoride distribution system to the fluoride hopper is not a part of the superstructure.
氟化鹽分配係統到氟化鹽料倉不是上部結構的部分.

metallic

56
adj.金屬的; 金屬性的; 金屬製的; 含金屬的
of, relating to, or being a metal
There was a metallic click and the gates swung open...
隨著一聲金屬碰擊的哢嗒聲,大門打開瞭。

cohesion

57
n.團結,凝聚力; 〈物〉內聚力
the act or state of sticking together tightly; especially : unity
By 1990, it was clear that the cohesion of the armed forces was rapidly breaking down...
顯然,到1990年時,武裝部隊的凝聚力正迅速瓦解。

unusually

58
adv.非常; 不尋常地,異乎尋常地; 顯著地; 齣奇
not usual : uncommon, rare
He was an unusually complex man.
他是個極其復雜的人。

unrivaled

59
adj.無敵的; 無對手的; 無雙的; 無比的
having no rival : incomparable, supreme
He is unrivaled in bravery.
他英勇無比.

nonlinear

60
adj.非綫性的
not linear
The overwhelming majority of nonlinear differential equations are not soluble analytically.
絕大多數非綫性微分方程是不能用解析方法求解的.

linear

61
adj.直綫的,綫形的; 長度的; <數>一次的,綫性的; 通過單獨的若乾階段來發展
of, relating to, resembling, or having a graph that is a line and especially a straight line : straight
Her novel subverts the conventions of linear narrative. It has no neat chronology and no tidy denouement.
她的小說顛覆瞭綫性敘事的傳統,沒有清晰的時間綫索,也沒有簡單明瞭的結局。

configuration

62
n.構造,布局; 配置
relative arrangement of parts or elements: such as
...Stonehenge, in south-western England, an ancient configuration of giant stones.
英格蘭西南部的巨石陣——一座古老的巨石陣列

distinctly

63
adv.明顯地; 無疑地; 確實地; 逼真
distinguishable to the eye or mind as being discrete or not the same : separate
Danxi medicine reflects distinctly the economic and cultural communication and social culture the Yuan Dynasty.
通過丹溪醫學,能清晰地感受到元代經濟文化交流的曆史氣息,其背後摺射齣來的是社會文化的內涵.

ideally

64
adv.完美地; 理想地; 觀念上地; 理論上地
conformably to or in respect to an ideal : perfectly
The General is ideally qualified for the job.
這位將軍最適閤做這項工作。

endow

65
v.捐贈,資助; 使天生擁有; 賦予
to furnish with an income; especially : to make a grant of money providing for the continuing support or maintenance of
You are endowed with wealth, good health and a lively intellect.
你生來就擁有財富、健康和活躍的思維。

axis

66
n.軸綫; 坐標軸; 軸心
a straight line about which a body or a geometric figure rotates or may be supposed to rotate
Jupiter rotates faster on its axis than Mars.
木星自轉的速度比火星快。

linearity

67
n.綫性,直綫性
of, relating to, resembling, or having a graph that is a line and especially a straight line : straight
Optically coupled isolation amplifier is of very good linearity.
光電耦閤隔離放大器具有很高的綫性度.

tightly

68
adv.緊緊地,堅固地,牢固地
having elements close together
She walked off the plane in a miniskirt and tight top...
她身穿迷你裙和緊身上衣走下瞭飛機。

aquatic

69
adj.水生的; 水産的; 水上的; 水中(進行)的
growing or living in or frequenting water
Aquatic animals thrive in diverse marine ecosystems.
水生動物在多樣的海洋生態係統中繁衍生息。

rigidity

70
n.堅硬; 嚴格; 剛直; 死闆
the quality or state of being rigid
The amount of force needed is inversely proportional to the rigidity of the material.
需要的力度與材料的硬度成反比.

spatial

71
adj.空間的; 存在於空間的; 受空間條件限製的; 占大篇幅的
relating to, occupying, or having the character of space
...the spatial distribution of black employment and population in South Africa.
南非黑人就業與人口的空間分布

homogeneity

72
n.同種,同質,同次性; 一緻性; 齊性; 均勻性
the quality or state of being of a similar kind or of having a uniform structure or composition throughout : the quality or state of being homogeneous
The government panicked into imposing a kind of cultural homogeneity.
政府在恐慌下開始強製實施某種文化統一政策。

nonideal

73
adj.非理想的
not ideal; especially : not exactly right for a particular purpose, situation, or person
Effects of losses and nonideal behavior on CF are considered later.
下麵我們再討論各種損失及非理想特性對CF的影響.

randomly

74
adv.隨便地,未加計劃地
lacking a definite plan, purpose, or pattern
Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions.
在灼熱的氣體燃燒室內, 分子在各個方嚮上作無規運動.

sublimation

75
n.升華,升華物,高尚化
sublime
Presently , entrepreneurship, innovation and excellence - creating are the sublimation of the spirit.
在新的曆史條件下, “創業創新創優”的三創精神是新時期江蘇人文精神的升華.

asymmetrical

76
adj.不均勻的,不對稱的; 非對等
having two sides or halves that are not the same : not symmetrical
Most people's faces are asymmetrical.
多數人的臉並不對稱。

distorted

77
adj.扭歪的,受到麯解的v.歪麯( distort的過去式和過去分詞 ); 麯解; 扭麯; 使變形
altered from a true, natural, or normal state, shape, or condition
Her actions and thoughts became distorted. So did her behavior.
她的行動和思想變得扭麯瞭,她的態度也是。

aver

78
vt.<正>斷言; 證實; <律>證明…屬實; 作為事實提齣
to declare positively
He avers that chaos will erupt if he loses...
他斷言,如果他失敗將會爆發動亂。

hexagonal

79
adj.六角形的,六邊形的; 六方
having six angles and six sides
Each strand is fabricated of parallel wires bunched in a hexagonal shape.
每根鋼束由平行鋼絲捆紮成六邊形.

photon

80
n.<物>光子,光量子
a quantum of electromagnetic radiation
The chance that an electron absorbs more than one photon is negligible.
一個電子吸收一個以上的光子的機會是極少的.

carbonyl

81
n.碳酰基,羰基
an organic functional group or radical —CO— occurring in aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and their derivatives
The surface lipids undergo oxidation, generating many compounds containing hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.
錶麵的類脂物氧化後, 産生許多化閤物,包括羥基和羰基化閤物.

dipolar

82
adj.兩極性的,偶極的; 二極
a pair of equal and opposite electric charges or magnetic poles of opposite sign separated especially by a small distance
Asymmetric 1, 3 - dipolar cycloaddition can be strongly catalyzed by chiral oxazaborolidines.
手性唑硼烷酮能夠催化不對稱1, 3偶極加成反應並取得很好的效果.

times

83
乘以; (用於比較)倍; 時代
multiplied by
He called her name three times and waited.
他喊瞭三遍她的名字就等著。

sparingly

84
adv.節約地; 保守地; 仁慈地; 缺少地
marked by or practicing careful restraint (as in the use of resources)
Sweeten dishes sparingly with honey, or con-centrated apple or pear juice.
加一點蜂蜜或濃縮蘋果汁或梨汁,讓菜帶點甜味。

soluble

85
adj.[化] 可溶的; 可以解決的; 可以解釋的; [數]可解的
susceptible of being dissolved in or as if in a liquid and especially water
Uranium is soluble in sea water.
鈾可溶解於海水。

formamide

86
n.甲酰胺
a colorless hygroscopic liquid CHONH2 used chiefly as a solvent
Several kinds of novel extraction solvents were presented which mainly included N - formylmorpholine, dimethyl formamide, etc.
介紹瞭石油化工領域采用的幾種優良抽提劑,包括N - 甲酰嗎啉 、 二甲基甲酰胺等.

acetone

87
n.丙酮
a volatile fragrant flammable liquid ketone C3H6O used chiefly as a solvent and in organic synthesis and found in abnormal quantities in diabetic urine
The charge transfer reaction between albendazole and chloranilic acid in alcohol acetone solution was studied spectrophotometrically.
研究並確定瞭阿苯達唑與氯冉酸的荷移反應條件.

chloroform

88
n.(用作麻醉劑的)氯仿,三氯甲烷
a colorless volatile heavy toxic liquid CHCl3 with an ether odor used especially as a solvent
Reclaimed chloroform not only have better experiment result but also have economic benefit and environment benefit.
迴收後的三氯甲烷不僅能取得良好的實驗結果,而且具有一定的經濟效益和環境效益.

benzene

89
n.苯
a colorless volatile flammable toxic liquid aromatic hydrocarbon C6H6 used in organic synthesis, as a solvent, and as a motor fuel
The benzene vaporized and formed a huge cloud of gas.
苯蒸發瞭,形成瞭一大團氣體。

sequester

90
vt.使隔絕,使隔離; <律>扣押
to set apart : segregate
Everything he owned was sequestered.
他的所有財産都被扣押瞭。

reorganization

91
n.改組; 改編; 重新製定; 整頓
the act or process of reorganizing : the state of being reorganized; especially : the financial reconstruction of a business concern
Reorganization is necessary on the distributive side of this industry.
就這個行業的配銷方麵來說,重組是必要的。

rearrangement

92
n.重新整理
the act of rearranging something or someone or the state of being rearranged
In the polymerization systems studied, segmental rearrangement is the important rate - determining phenomenon.
在已研究過的聚閤體係中鏈段重排是重要的速度決定步驟.

tangential

93
adj.<正>間接相關的; 次要的; 外圍的; 略為觸及題目的
touching lightly : incidental, peripheral; also : of little relevance
The forces in operation have the form of lateral or tangential thrust.
作用力的形式是側嚮衝斷或切嚮衝斷.