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📖 Chapter21 - Biolex 學習卡片

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ruggedness

1
n.險峻,粗野; 耐久性; 堅固性
having a rough uneven surface : jagged
The island's ruggedness symbolises our history and the character of the people.
這個島嶼的凹凸險峻象徵著我們的曆史和民族性格。

aloof

2
adj.冷淡的; 疏遠的; 遠離的
removed or distant either physically or emotionally
He seemed aloof and detached.
他顯得冷漠離群。

puerile

3
adj.<貶>幼稚的,孩子氣的,愚蠢的
juvenile
Concert organisers branded the group's actions as puerile...
音樂會的組織者指稱該樂隊的行為愚蠢幼稚。

woof

4
exclamation(狗叫聲)汪汪
weft
The dogs sat there without even a woof...
狗坐在那裏,叫都沒叫一聲。

sunshine

5
n.陽光,日光; 晴朗,晴天; 太陽曬著的地方; 歡樂
the sun's light or direct rays
In the marina yachts sparkle in the sunshine...
碼頭上遊艇在陽光下閃閃發光。

smith

6
n.鐵匠,鍛工(=blacksmith); 史密斯(姓氏)
a worker in metals : blacksmith
Smith has run away from home, but his family are putting a good face on it.
史密斯已經離傢齣走, 但他的傢人卻裝作若無其事.

redwood

7
n.(美國加州産的高大的)紅杉
any of various woods (such as brazilwood) yielding a red dye
Conifer tree style such as pine, fir, spruce, redwood, juniper, etc.
針葉類樹包括鬆樹 、 杉樹 、 雲杉 、 紅木 、 刺柏, 等等.

temporally

8
現世地暫時地
of or relating to time as opposed to eternity
The units are collaged together by a serial tectonic spatially and temporally.
這些構造單元是由構造原因,依一定的時空序列拼貼在一起的.

lamella

9
n.薄層; 薄片; 瓣; 鰓
a thin flat scale, membrane, or layer: such as
Chromatophore A name generally applied to a pigment - bearing structure, usually a membrane lamella or vesicle.
承載色素的結構, 通常是細胞膜的薄層或小泡.

generalized

10
adj.廣泛的; 普遍的; 非具體的; 整體的v.概括,歸納; 推論(generalize的過去式和過去分詞); 推廣,普及
made general; especially : not highly differentiated biologically nor strictly adapted to a particular environment
...generalised muscle disorders.
全身性肌肉疾病

reminiscent

11
adj.懷舊的; 迴憶往事的; 使人聯想…的
of the character of or relating to reminiscence
The decor was reminiscent of a municipal arts-and-leisure centre...
這種布置讓人想起都市裏的藝術休閑中心。

porphyrin

12
n.卟啉
any of various compounds with a macrocyclic structure that consists essentially of four pyrrole rings joined by four =CH— groups; especially : one (such as chlorophyll or hemoglobin) containing a central metal atom and usually exhibiting biological activity
Each of living organisms are full of pigment porphyrin.
每個活生物體都飽含卟啉色素.

pyrrole

13
n.吡咯
a toxic liquid heterocyclic compound C4H5N that has a ring consisting of four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom, polymerizes readily in air, and is the parent compound of many biologically important substances (such as bile pigments, porphyrins, and chlorophyll); broadly : a derivative of pyrrole
Such is the case in pyrrole, thiophene, and furan.
吡咯, 噻酚和呋喃的情況就是這樣.

absorbed

14
adj.被…吸引住,專心緻誌,全神貫注adv.專心緻誌地,全神貫注地n.專心緻誌,全神貫注v.吸收(液體、氣體等)( absorb的過去式); 支付; 吞並; 使全神貫注(absorb的過去分詞形式)
having one's attention wholly engaged or occupied
They were completely absorbed in each other...
兩人彼此傾心。

redistribution

15
n.重新分配
to alter the distribution of : reallocate
Some redistribution of income can help to keep the worse off out of poverty.
某種形式的收入再分配可以幫助窮人脫貧。

absorbing

16
adj.吸引人的; 非常有趣的v.吸收(absorb的ing形式); 引人注意
fully taking one's attention : engrossing
Children will find other exhibits equally absorbing.
孩子們會對其他展品一樣感興趣。

excited

17
adj.激動的; 緊張不安的; 性興奮的
having, showing, or characterized by a heightened state of energy, enthusiasm, eagerness, etc. : feeling or showing excitement
Excited voices were shouting that the road was blocked by soldiers.
有人氣憤地喊道馬路被士兵封鎖瞭。

algal

18
adj.海藻的
any of a diverse group of chiefly photosynthetic and aquatic plantlike organisms that range from unicellular to large multicellular forms, are typically classified as protists, and include the green, yellow-green, brown, golden-brown, and red algae in the eukaryotes and especially formerly the cyanobacteria in the prokaryotes
Sewage nutrients do increase algal growth in the harbour.
汙水中的營養物確實會加快港口的海藻生長。

funnel

19
n.漏鬥; (輪船,火車等的)煙囪; 漏鬥狀物; [礦]通風井vt.& vi.把…灌進漏鬥; 使成漏鬥狀; 成漏鬥形; 使匯集
a utensil that is usually a hollow cone with a tube extending from the smaller end and that is designed to catch and direct a downward flow
...a merchantman with three masts and two funnels.
一艘有3根桅杆和兩個煙囪的商船

valence

20
n.(化閤)價,原子價; (心理)效價
the degree of combining power of an element as shown by the number of atomic weights of a monovalent element (such as hydrogen) with which the atomic weight of the element will combine or for which it can be substituted or with which it can be compared
Hydrogen is a one - valence element.
氫是一價的元素.

zigzag

21
n.之字形; 鋸齒形綫條v.麯摺前進adj.彎彎麯麯的
one of a series of short sharp turns, angles, or alterations in a course; also : something having the form or character of such a series
They staggered in a zigzag across the tarmac.
他們深一腳淺一腳,跌跌撞撞地穿過停機坪。

generic

22
adj.類的,屬性的; 一般的; 不受商標保護的; [生]屬的,類的
relating to or characteristic of a whole group or class : general
Parmesan is a generic term used to describe a family of hard Italian cheeses.
帕爾瑪乾酪是意大利硬奶酪的通稱。

possessing

23
v.有( possess的現在分詞 ); 具有; 占據; 感覺
to have and hold as property : own
They pleaded guilty to possessing material likely to incite racial hatred.
他們錶示認罪,承認擁有可能煽動民族仇恨的材料。

diagrammatic

24
adj.圖錶的,概略的
a graphic design that explains rather than represents; especially : a drawing that shows arrangement and relations (as of parts)
This is the virus in very crude simple diagrammatic form.
這是非常粗略簡單的圖式病毒形態。

driving

25
n.操縱,駕駛adj.推進的; 強勁的; 雨、雪等猛烈的; 傾瀉而下的v.強迫( drive的現在分詞); 驅使; 驅趕; 消除
communicating force
Consumer spending was the driving force behind the economic growth in the summer...
顧客消費是夏季經濟增長的強大推動力。

oscillation

26
n.振動; 動搖; 波動; <物>振蕩
the action or state of oscillating
I checked to see if the needle indicating volume was oscillating.
我查看瞭那根音量指針是否在擺動。

whereupon

27
conj.於是
on which
He admitted his mistake, whereupon she forgave him.
他承認瞭自己的錯誤,她便原諒瞭他。

centrally

28
adv.在中心地,主要地,集中地
containing or constituting a center
The flat is centrally heated.
這套房間是集中供暖的.

isoprene

29
n.橡膠基質
a flammable liquid unsaturated hydrocarbon C5H8 used especially in synthetic rubber
Isoprene could be deeply hydrogenated to isopentane on nickel catalyst.
異戊二烯在鎳基催化劑作用下可深度加氫為異戊烷.

foliage

30
n.植物的葉子(總稱),葉子及梗和枝; 樹葉
a representation of leaves, flowers, and branches for architectural ornamentation
...shrubs with grey or silver foliage.
長著灰色或銀色葉子的灌木叢

cuprous

31
adj.亞銅的,一價銅的
of, relating to, or containing copper with a valence of one
Cuprous oxide is a type of material called a semiconductor.
氧化亞銅是一種所謂的半導體材料.

cupric

32
adj.二價銅的
of, relating to, or containing copper with a valence of two
Cupric azide is insoluble in water.
疊氮化銅不溶於水.

glyceryl

33
n.甘油基,丙三基adj.甘油基的
a radical derived from glycerol by removal of hydroxide; especially : a trivalent radical CH2CHCH2
This paper analyzes the glyceryl polyether by nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy .
用 核磁共振 分析瞭甘油聚醚.

diffuse

34
adj.分散的,彌漫的; 不清楚的,冗長的v.(使)傳播,發散; 舒緩
being at once verbose and ill-organized
a diffuse pattern of speech
散漫的說話方式

trajectory

35
n.[物]彈道,軌道; [幾]軌綫
the curve that a body (such as a planet or comet in its orbit or a rocket) describes in space
...the trajectory of an artillery shell.
一枚炮彈的彈道

considerably

36
adv.相當,非常,頗
worth consideration : significant
To be without Pearce would be a considerable blow...
失去皮爾斯將是一個巨大的打擊。

bracket

37
n.括號; 範圍,等級; 支架v.用括弧括上; 把…相提並論
an overhanging member that projects from a structure (such as a wall) and is usually designed to support a vertical load or to strengthen an angle
Add the letters in brackets next.
接下來把括號裏的字母加進去。

deletion

38
n.刪除
the act of deleting
This involved the deletion of a great deal of irrelevant material.
這包括刪除很大一部分不相關的內容。

withdrawn

39
adj.孤僻的,離群的; 偏僻的v.取迴,收迴( withdraw的過去分詞)
removed from immediate contact or easy approach : isolated
Her husband had become withdrawn and moody.
她丈夫變得沉默寡言、喜怒無常。

quarterly

40
adj.季度的,按季度的; 四分之一n.季刊; 季考
in heraldic quarters or quarterings
...the latest Bank of Japan quarterly survey of 5,000 companies.
日本銀行對5,000傢公司的最新季度調查

cloverleaf

41
n.(道路的)苜蓿葉式立體交叉,四葉式立體交叉
resembling a clover leaf in shape
The cloverleaf intersection being built is designed by a young man.
那座正在興建的立交橋是一位年輕人設計的.

photochemistry

42
n.光化學
a branch of chemistry that deals with the effect of radiant energy in producing chemical changes
But it was reverse for qNP ( fluorescence non photochemistry quenching coefficient ).
營養生長期磷、鉀肥水平的不同對 qNP 有較大的影響,隨著磷、鉀肥水平的增加,qNP的值也逐漸增大.

disappearing

43
v.不見,消失( disappear的現在分詞 ); 不復存在; 掩始; 隱顯
to pass from view
He would turn and follow the disappearing vision with his eyes.
他會迴過頭去,用目光久久追蹤著漸漸遠去的身影.

minimally

44
adv.最低限度地,最低程度地
relating to or being a minimum: such as
I was minimally successful.
我隻是取得瞭一點小成就。

dative

45
n.與格(名詞、代詞或形容詞用作間接賓語時的一種形式)
of, relating to, or being a grammatical case that typically marks the indirect object of a verb, the object of some prepositions, or a person or thing that possesses someone or something else
In Latin, several verbs govern the dative.
在拉丁語中, 有些動詞要求與格的賓語.

stalked

46
有高莖的
a slender upright object or supporting or connecting part; especially : peduncle
The hunters stalked their prey.
獵人潛行追蹤獵物。

lapse

47
n.小錯,疏忽; 行為失檢,失足; 流逝; [法](權利等的)失效,消失vi.退步; 陷入,墮入; 失效,終止; [法]轉歸
a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention
On Friday he showed neither decency nor dignity. It was an uncommon lapse.
星期五那天他的錶現既不得體,又有失尊嚴。如此失態非常少有。

reversibly

48
adv.可逆,兩麵可用,可撤銷
capable of being reversed or of reversing: such as
These drugs work by reversibly blocking nerve conduction.
這些藥物履曆可逆性的阻斷神經傳導起作用.

autotrophic

49
adj.自造營養物質的,自給營養的
requiring only carbon dioxide or carbonates as a source of carbon and a simple inorganic nitrogen compound for metabolic synthesis of organic molecules (such as glucose)
Autotrophic mutants were prepared from six different stocks of the homoictic group.
自養突變體是從同株同核融閤類群的6個不同的原種菌係製備的.

radioisotope

50
n.放射性同位元素
a radioactive isotope
Why would a paper company need pneumatic needles with a radioisotope?
造紙公司要空氣針和放射性同位素乾什麼?

amply

51
adv.充足地,詳細地
generous or more than adequate in size, scope, or capacity
There'll be ample opportunity to relax, swim and soak up some sun...
將會有充足的機會去放鬆、遊泳和曬太陽。

parentheses

52
n.圓括號,插入語,插麯( parenthesis的名詞復數 )
an amplifying or explanatory word, phrase, or sentence inserted in a passage from which it is usually set off by punctuation
Irregular forms are given in parentheses .
不規則形式標注在括號內。

carried

53
adj.被攜帶的,被運載的v.支撐( carry的過去式和過去分詞 ); 攜帶; 輸送; 運載
to move while supporting : transport
It was a crime of espionage and carried the death penalty.
這是間諜罪,應判死刑。

leftover

54
n.剩餘物; 殘羹剩菜
something that remains unused or unconsumed; especially : leftover food served at a later meal —usually used in plural
Refrigerate any leftovers...
把剩菜放進冰箱裏。

futile

55
adj.無效的,無用的; 沒有齣息的; 瑣碎的,無關緊要的; 一場空
serving no useful purpose : completely ineffective
He brought his arm up in a futile attempt to ward off the blow...
他揚起胳膊徒勞地想要擋住這一拳。

genus

56
n.(動植物的)屬; 類; 種; 型
a class, kind, or group marked by common characteristics or by one common characteristic; specifically : a category of biological classification ranking between the family and the species, comprising structurally or phylogenetically related species or an isolated species exhibiting unusual differentiation, and being designated by a Latin or latinized capitalized singular noun
The daffodil belongs to the genus Narcissus.
黃水仙是水仙屬植物.

induced

57
adj.感應的v.引誘( induce的過去式和過去分詞 ); <正>引起; 催産; 催生
to move by persuasion or influence
More than 4,000 teachers were induced to take early retirement.
4000多名教師被說服提前退休。

influx

58
n.流入,注入; 匯集〔指人或物〕,充斥; 注入口,河口
a coming in
...problems caused by the influx of refugees.
大批難民湧入産生的問題

flux

59
n.不斷的變動; 流動,波動; 流體
a flowing of fluid from the body: such as
Education remains in a state of flux which will take some time to settle down.
教育還處於不斷變化中,需要一段時間纔能穩定下來。

intrinsically

60
adv.從本質上(講)
in an intrinsic manner : by natural character : in itself
It was intrinsically a very powerful ship.
它本身是一艘動力非常強勁的船。

resynthesis

61
再閤成
the act of synthesizing something again : a second or subsequent synthesis
This process requires resynthesis of GSH as indicated in the figure.
此一過程需要重新閤成榖胱甘肽.

tracer

62
n.追蹤者,描圖者,(鐵筆等)繪圖工具
one that traces, tracks down, or searches out: such as
The tracer is distributed in a nearly normal fashion.
示蹤劑的分布接近正態分布的樣式.

dicarboxylic

63
adj.二羧基的
containing two carboxyl groups in the molecule
Succinic acid ( butanedioic acid ) A dicarboxylic acid formed by fermentation of sugars.
琥珀酸:為糖酵解過程中産生的二 羧 基酸.

intercellular

64
adj.在細胞間的
relating to, involving, or occurring in the space between the cells of a multicellular organism or in the space between cells of closely associated unicellular microorganisms (such as bacteria)
This figure includes the liquid component but excludes the intercellular cement.
這個數值包括類脂物成份在內,但不包括細胞間粒接劑.

interconvertible

65
adj.可互相轉化的
mutual conversion
After series of related and interconvertible pathways, a steady - state condition is reached.
經過一係列相互轉換的代謝途徑達到瞭恒態性的條件.

maize

66
n.玉米; 玉米色adj. .玉米色的
a tall annual cereal grass (Zea mays) originally domesticated in Mexico and widely grown for its large elongated ears of starchy seeds : corn
...vast fields of maize.
廣袤的玉米地

pinnacle

67
n.頂峰; 頂點; 尖頂; [建](哥德式建築的)小尖塔
an upright architectural member generally ending in a small spire and used especially in Gothic construction to give weight especially to a buttress
A walker fell 80ft from a rocky pinnacle.
一位徒步者從一塊80英尺高的尖錐形岩石上摔瞭下來。

uncultivated

68
adj.未經耕作的,無教養的; 野蠻; 野; 野生
not cultivated: such as
...the flat, largely uncultivated plains.
基本上還未曾開墾的平原

cacti

69
n.仙人掌; 仙人掌,仙人球( cactus的名詞復數)
any of a family (Cactaceae, the cactus family) of plants that have succulent stems and branches with scales or spines instead of leaves and are found especially in dry areas (such as deserts)
CactI are xerophytic plants.
仙人掌是一種旱生植物.

stomata

70
n.口,氣孔; (植物)氣孔,(動物)氣門( stoma的名詞復數 )
any of various small simple bodily openings especially in a lower animal
Under conditions of water stress, leaf turgor decreases and stomata close.
在乾旱的條件下, 葉子的膨壓減少而氣孔關閉.

tern

71
n.三個一組,燕鷗
any of various chiefly marine birds (subfamily Sterninae of the family Laridae and especially genus Sterna) that differ from the related gulls in usually smaller size, a more slender build, a sharply pointed bill, narrower wings, and an often forked tail
Ber tern opened a door marked NO ADMITTANCE.
波恩司坦打開瞭門,門上寫著“閑人莫入”.

carbo

72
n.<美口>碳水化閤物食品,含糖食品
carbohydrate; also : a high-carbohydrate food —usually used in plural
Carbo loading is used by endurance athletes just before competing.
耐力型運動員在比賽馬上開始之前來補充碳水化閤物.

principally

73
adv.主要地,大部分
most important, consequential, or influential : chief
The book is aimed principally at beginners.
這本書主要是為初學者編寫的。

making

74
n.製造; 産生的過程; 成功改進的手段; 原料,材料v.“make”的現在分詞
the act or process of forming, causing, doing, or coming into being
...Salamon's book about the making of this movie...
薩拉濛有關本片製作過程的書

radioactivity

75
n.放射(性); 輻射能
the property possessed by some elements (such as uranium) or isotopes (such as carbon 14) of spontaneously emitting energetic particles (such as electrons or alpha particles) by the disintegration of their atomic nuclei; also : the rays emitted
The government has been storing radioactive waste at Fernald for 50 years.
政府在弗納德存放放射性廢料已達50年之久。

viewpoint

76
n.觀點,意見,角度; 視角; <物>視點
a position or perspective from which something is considered or evaluated : point of view, standpoint
The novel is shown from the girl's viewpoint...
這部小說是從這個女孩的視角來敘述的。

springer

77
n.蹦跳的人; 小雞; 拱腳石
a stone or other solid laid at the impost of an arch
You don't know anything about Miss Springer's private life?
你對斯普林傑小姐的私生活一點也不瞭解 嗎 ?

glazer

78
n.上釉工人,加光工人
to furnish or fit with glass
The Glazer family have insisted that Manchester United are not for sale.
格雷澤傢族已經強調曼徹斯特聯是非賣品.

carotenoid

79
n.類鬍蘿蔔素
any of various usually yellow to red pigments (such as carotenes) found widely in plants and animals and characterized chemically by a long aliphatic polyene chain composed of eight isoprene units
Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid , known for its antioxidant characteristics.
藻褐素是一種類鬍蘿蔔素, 有抗氧化特性.

kern

80
n.緊排; 古地塊; 核心; 後室
a light-armed foot soldier of medieval Ireland or Scotland
Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.
剋恩先生將那孤兒收養為自己的兒子.

petrie

81
皮特裏(姓氏)
Sir (William Matthew) Flinders 1853—1942 English Egyptologist
Some experts wonder why Petrie's is looking a gift horse in the mouth.
有些專傢不明白,既是送上門來的禮物,派萃[公司]何必挑三揀四.

emergence

82
n.齣現; 興起
the act or an instance of emerging
...the emergence of new scientific ideas.
新科技思想的興起