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📖 Chapter31 - Biolex 學習卡片

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chaperone

1
n.年長女伴(以前在英國,未婚女子齣入社交場所必須有年長的女性陪同,以監督她的行為。); (尤指兒童錶演時的)保護人; 監護人; (未成年人舞會上的)行為監督人vt.作女子陪伴人,作監護人
a person (such as a matron) who for propriety accompanies one or more young unmarried women in public or in mixed company
We were chaperoned by our aunt.
我們由嬸子陪著。

domain

2
n.領域,範圍,範疇; 領土
complete and absolute ownership of land
...the great experimenters in the domain of art...
藝術領域偉大的實驗者們

nascent

3
adj.初期的; 初生的; 開始形成的; 發生中的
coming or having recently come into existence
...Kenya's nascent democracy.
新生的肯尼亞民主政治

conformation

4
n.構造
the act of conforming or producing conformity : adaptation
Concerning the disposal of cognition error of facts, this article affirms theory of abstract statutory conformation.
關於事實認識錯誤的處理, 應當主張抽象的法定符閤說.

peptidase

5
n.肽酶
an enzyme that hydrolyzes simple peptides or their derivatives
It has been determined to be proteolytic enzyme , known as dipeptidyl peptidase IV ( DPPIV ).
最初因發現它具有蛋白水解作用, 故又稱二肽肽酶IV ( DPPIV ).

folded

6
adj.摺疊的v.摺疊,對摺交疊( fold的過去式和過去分詞 ); 包圍; 包起; 籠罩
to lay one part over another part of
He folded the papers and stuck them in his desk drawer.
他將文件疊起來,塞進自己的書桌抽屜裏。

ligation

7
n.結紮,綁
an act of ligating
Methods: Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture operation.
方法; 結紮和刺破盲腸造成膿毒血癥.

lever

8
n.杠杆; 操作杆; 工具vt.用杠杆撬動
a bar used for prying or dislodging something
Push the tiny lever on the lock...
按一下鎖上的小柄。

apical

9
adj.頂上的,頂點的; 根尖
of, relating to, or situated at an apex
The apical membrane of the epithelial cells is apparently essential.
上皮細胞的頂膜顯然是必要的.

triage

10
n.治療類選法(根據緊迫性和救活的可能性等在戰場上決定哪些人優先治療的方法)
the sorting of and allocation of treatment to patients and especially battle and disaster victims according to a system of priorities designed to maximize the number of survivors
...the triage process.
傷病員鑒彆分類過程

prion

11
n.朊粒,朊病毒(能導緻腦病)
any of several small petrels (genus Pachyptila of the family Procellariidae) of the southern hemisphere that are bluish gray above and white below
Mad cow disease is caused by the misfolding of a small protein called Prion.
該病與羊瘙癢病具有同源性,它們與人類剋-雅氏病(Creutzfeldt-Jakobdisease, CJD) 均是海綿狀腦組織病變,由Prion蛋白引起.

fibril

12
n.小縴維; 縴絲; 原縴維; 根毛
a small filament or fiber: such as
The result would be the observed gradual change in fibril orientation.
結果形成所觀察到的原縴取嚮的逐漸變化.

retard

13
vt.使減速,妨礙,阻止,推遲vi.減慢,受到阻滯n.減速,阻滯,延遲
to delay or impede the development or progress of : to slow up especially by preventing or hindering advance or accomplishment
Continuing violence will retard negotiations over the country's future.
持續不斷的暴力活動會阻礙關係到國傢未來的談判的進行。

conduit

14
n.[電]導管; 水道,溝渠
a natural or artificial channel through which something (such as a fluid) is conveyed
Pakistan became a conduit for drugs produced in Afghanistan.
巴基斯坦成瞭阿富汗毒品的販運通道。

myeloma

15
n.骨髓瘤
a primary tumor of the bone marrow
Objective To increase the recognition and rate of multiple myeloma.
目的提高對多發骨髓瘤的認識與診斷率.

splice

16
vt.絞接; 撚接(兩段繩子); 膠接; 粘接(膠片、磁帶等)n.膠接處,粘接處,鉸接處
to unite (two ropes or two parts of a rope) by interweaving the strands
He taught me to edit and splice film...
他教我剪輯和粘接膠片。

proteinaceous

17
adj.蛋白質的,似蛋白質的
of, relating to, containing, resembling, or being protein
Nonfat dry milk is an inexpensive proteinaceous eluent.
脫脂奶粉是廉價的蛋白質洗脫劑.

undergoing

18
v.經曆,承受( undergo的現在分詞 )
to submit to : endure
New recruits have been undergoing training in recent weeks.
最近幾周,新兵正在接受訓練。

microbial

19
adj.微生物的,由細菌引起的
microorganism, germ
Microbial degradation critically affects the fate and behavior of pesticides in soil.
生物降解主要影響土壤中農藥的行為和命運.

conditional

20
adj.有前提的; (從句)條件的n.條件從句
subject to, implying, or dependent upon a condition
Their support is conditional on his proposals meeting their approval.
他們的支持是以他的提案得到他們的批準為條件的。

fluorescent

21
adj.熒光的; 發熒光的; (顔色、材料等)強烈反光的; 發亮的
having or relating to fluorescence
...a piece of fluorescent tape.
一段熒光帶

cleavable

22
adj.劈得開的
capable of being split
It is intended for external installation on a test vehicle via the use an electro - cleavable adhesive.
用一種電可分離粘閤劑將它安裝在試驗機上.

disassembly

23
n.拆卸,分解,解體; 拆開
to take apart
Describes the command used to display the disassembly of a program.
描述用於顯示程序反匯編的命令.

fluorescence

24
n.熒光,熒光性
luminescence that is caused by the absorption of radiation at one wavelength followed by nearly immediate reradiation usually at a different wavelength and that ceases almost at once when the incident radiation stops; also : the radiation emitted
In X - ray fluorescence, pieces of the filter are used directly.
在 X 射綫熒光法中, 可直接使用濾紙.

protea

25
n.普羅梯亞木,山龍眼
any of a genus (Protea of the family Proteaceae, the protea family) of African evergreen shrubs often grown as ornamentals for their showy bracts and dense flower heads
For instance, the protea beetle ( Trichostetha fascicularis ) gathers nectar from various species of proteas.
例如, 山龍眼甲蟲 ( Trichostethafascicularis ) 采集不同種類的山龍眼花蜜.

undesired

26
adj.非想望的,不受歡迎的
not wanted or desired : unwanted
To remove undesired items from a file.
從文件中移去多餘的項.

usefulness

27
n.有用,有益,有效; 效能
the quality of having utility and especially practical worth or applicability
The slow cooker is very useful for people who go out all day...
慢燉鍋對於整天都不在傢的人來說很有用。

culprit

28
n.犯人,罪犯; 肇事者,被告人
one accused of or charged with a crime
All the men were being deported even though the real culprits in the fight have not been identified.
盡管真凶尚未查齣,所有參與鬥毆的男子均被驅逐齣境。

exon

29
外顯子
a polynucleotide sequence in a nucleic acid that codes information for protein synthesis and that is copied and spliced together with other such sequences to form messenger RNA
Four gene polymorphisms were identified in exon 7. They were Gly 551 X ( GGC → GGT ), Arg 554 His ( CGT → CAT ), Gln 567 Arg ( CAA → CGA ) and Val 582 Ile ( GTC → ATC ).
同時在外顯子7上發現4個位點的基因多態性,分彆為Gly551X(GGC→GGT ) 、 Arg554His ( CGT→CAT ) 、 Gln567Arg ( CAA→CGA ) 和Val582Ile ( GTC→ATC ).

codon

30
n.密碼子,基碼
a specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis —called also triplet
Because of this coding relationship, triplet of bases is called a codon.
由於這種編碼關係, 堿基的三聯體被稱為密碼子.

cytotoxic

31
adj.細胞毒素的
of or relating to a cytotoxin
Antigen density on the tumor cell surface influences the cytotoxic sensitivity.
瘤細胞錶麵的抗原密度影響細胞毒的敏感性.

improperly

32
adv.不正確地,不適當地
not proper: such as
The study confirmed many reports that doctors were improperly trained.
該調查證實瞭許多關於醫生未接受充分培訓的報道。

unravel

33
vt.解開; 闡明; 拆散vi.被解開; 被拆散
to disengage or separate the threads of : disentangle
His government began to unravel because of a banking scandal...
他的政府由於一起金融醜聞而開始瓦解。

evade

34
v.逃避,迴避; 躲避; 想不齣; 與…無緣
to slip away
By his own admission, he evaded taxes as a Florida real-estate speculator...
他親口承認自己在佛羅裏達從事房地産投機生意時逃過稅。

helper

35
n.助手,幫手; 起救助作用的東西
one that helps; especially : a relatively unskilled worker who assists a skilled worker usually by manual labor
a cheerful helper
一位開朗的幫手

transducer

36
n.傳感器,變頻器,變換器
a device that is actuated by power from one system and supplies power usually in another form to a second system
Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of scaling for invariance to the effect of transducer frequency.
實驗結果驗證瞭頻率一緻性處理方法的有效性,能夠消除換能器頻率對分類的影響.

buried

37
v.埋葬( bury的過去式和過去分詞 ); 掩埋; 原諒; 沉溺於
to dispose of by depositing in or as if in the earth; especially : to inter with funeral ceremonies
He took a shovel, dug a hole, and buried his once-prized possessions.
他拿起一把鐵鍁,挖瞭個坑,將自己曾經珍愛的物品埋瞭起來。

equatorial

38
adj.赤道的,赤道附近的
of, relating to, or located at the equator or an equator; also : being in the plane of the equator
...the equatorial island with a hundred and twenty thousand people living there.
共有120,000人居住的赤道上的島嶼

jellyfish

39
n.水母; 海蜇; 軟弱無用的人; 意誌薄弱的人
the typically free-swimming, bell-shaped, usually sexually-reproducing solitary or colonial form of a cnidarian in which the whorls of tentacles lined with nematocysts arise and hang down from the margin of the nearly transparent, gelatinous bell : medusa; especially : a large medusa characteristic of the siphonophores and scyphozoans (such as the sea nettle or box jellyfish)
You can get a nasty sting from a jellyfish.
你可能會被水母狠狠地蜇一下.

tentacle

40
n.(動)觸手; 觸角; 觸須
any of various elongate flexible usually tactile or prehensile processes borne by invertebrate animals chiefly on the head or about the mouth
Free speech is being gradually eroded year after year by new tentacles of government control.
言論自由正在一年又一年逐漸被政府不斷施加的影響力所削弱。

compactly

41
adv.細密地,簡潔地
predominantly formed or filled : composed, made
The factory is compactly laid out as a whole.
這個工廠整個布局顯得緊湊.

cholera

42
n.霍亂
any of several diseases of humans and domestic animals usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms; especially : an acute diarrheal disease caused by an enterotoxin produced by a comma-shaped gram-negative bacillus (Vibrio cholerae synonym V. comma) when it is present in large numbers in the proximal part of the human small intestine
...a cholera epidemic.
霍亂流行

cystic

43
adj.胞囊的,膀胱的,膽囊的
of or relating to the urinary bladder or the gallbladder
Cystic fibrosis is the commonest fatal here-ditary disease.
囊性縴維化是最常見的緻命遺傳疾病。

fibrosis

44
n.縴維化,縴維癥
a condition marked by increase of interstitial fibrous tissue
Cystic fibrosis is the commonest fatal here-ditary disease.
囊性縴維化是最常見的緻命遺傳疾病。

nary

45
adj.連…也沒有的
not any : not one
They speak nary a word to me.
他們一句話也沒跟我講.

unimportant

46
adj.不重要的
lacking in importance : not important : minor, trivial
It was an unimportant job, and paid very little...
這份工作無足輕重,而且薪水還很低。

albumin

47
n.清蛋白,白蛋白
any of numerous simple heat-coagulable water-soluble proteins that occur in blood plasma or serum, muscle, the whites of eggs, milk, and other animal substances and in many plant tissues and fluids
The albumin fraction of plasma protein is of the greatest significance.
血漿蛋白的白蛋白部分意義最大.

tram

48
n.有軌電車軌道; 煤車,礦車,纜車
any of various vehicles: such as
You can get to the beach easily from the centre of town by tram.
你從市中心乘有軌電車到海灘會很方便。

inclusion

49
n.包含; 內含物
the act of including : the state of being included
...a confident performance which justified his inclusion in the team.
證明他入選該隊當之無愧的自信錶現

oneself

50
pron.自己; 親自
a person's self : one's own self —used reflexively as object of a preposition or verb or for emphasis in various constructions
One must apply oneself to the present and keep one's eyes firmly fixed on one's future goals...
人們必須立足現在,目光鎖定未來目標。

uninvited

51
adj.未經要求的,未獲邀請的,不速而至的
not invited
uninvited guests at a party
聚會上的不速之客

cognate

52
adj.同宗的,同根的,同語係的n.同傢族的人,同源詞
of the same or similar nature : generically alike
...cognate words.
同源詞

hypothalamus

53
n.丘腦下部; 下丘腦
a basal part of the diencephalon that lies beneath the thalamus on each side, forms the floor of the third ventricle, and includes vital autonomic regulatory centers
CRF in hypothalamus and locus ceruleus was detected by the method of radioimmunoassay.
放射免疫法測定其下丘腦、藍斑促腎上腺皮質激素釋放因子(CRF).

disappearance

54
n.消失,失蹤; 丟失; 滅絕
to pass from view
Her disappearance has baffled police...
她的失蹤讓警方很睏惑。

mantle

55
n.覆蓋物; 責任,職責; 披風; 鬥篷; 地幔v.覆蓋;遮蓋
a loose sleeveless garment worn over other clothes : cloak
Glasgow has broadened its appeal since taking on the mantle of European City of Culture in 1990...
自從1990年榮獲“歐洲文化之都”的光榮稱號以來,格拉斯哥的魅力大增。

lymphoma

56
n.淋巴瘤
a usually malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue
Conclusion Unlike nodal lymphoma, PMLGI are a group of distinctive clinicopathological tumours.
結論:胃腸道淋巴瘤與淋巴結淋巴瘤不同,是一組具有獨特臨床病理特徵的腫瘤.

hilt

57
n.(刀劍、匕首等的)柄; 全力( 支持某人等); 徹底; 到最大程度
a handle especially of a sword or dagger
James was overdrawn and mortgaged to the hilt...
詹姆斯已經透支到最大額度並把能抵押的都抵押上瞭。

chromo

58
n.多彩石印版
chromolithograph
Microscopic examination of a cell's chromo-somes can reveal the sex of the fetus.
利用顯微鏡檢查細胞染色體可以發現胎兒的性彆。

groove

59
n.溝,槽; [俚語]常規,老套:確定的規範; [俚語]理想狀況; [俚語]非常愉快的經曆
a long narrow channel or depression
a funky groove
放剋節奏

negligible

60
adj.可以忽略的; 微不足道的; 無足輕重的; 不足輕重
so small or unimportant or of so little consequence as to warrant little or no attention : trifling
The pay that the soldiers received was negligible...
士兵拿到的軍餉少得可憐。

sizes

61
n.大小( size的名詞復數 ); 大量; 尺碼; …大小的
physical magnitude, extent, or bulk : relative or proportionate dimensions
I was wearing false eyelashes and a sweater two sizes too small.
我戴著假睫毛,穿著小瞭兩號的毛衣。

osteoarthritis

62
n.骨關節炎
a common form of arthritis typically with onset during middle or old age that is characterized by progressive degenerative changes in the cartilage of one or more joints (as of the knees, hips, and hands) accompanied by thickening and overgrowth of adjacent bone and that is marked symptomatically chiefly by stiffness, swelling, pain, deformation of joints, and loss of range of motion —abbreviation OA
Conclusion: Unicompartment knee arthroplasty is a mini invasive and effective tool in treating unicompartment knee osteoarthritis.
結論: 單髁置換術是治療單間室骨關節炎的一種微創而有效的手段.

melanoma

63
n.(惡性)黑素瘤,(良性)胎記瘤
a tumor containing dark pigment
CONCLUSION: The monoclonal antibody of PPO was a specific antibody and overexpressed in malignant melanoma.
結論: PPO抗體是一種特異性的抗體,該抗體對惡性黑色素瘤的檢測有特異性.

severity

64
n.嚴重; 嚴格; 嚴謹; 嚴厲的對待
the quality or state of being severe : the condition of being very bad, serious, unpleasant, or harsh
...a business with severe cash flow problems...
有嚴重資金周轉問題的公司

hazardous

65
adj.冒險的; 有危險的; 碰運氣的
involving or exposing one to risk (as of loss or harm)
Passive smoking can be hazardous to health.
被動吸煙會有害健康。

rout

66
vt.打垮; 趕跑; 挖掘齣; (體育)打敗對方vi.搜尋; 用鼻子拱土n.潰敗; 暴動; 混亂的群眾; 盛大的晚會
a state of wild confusion or disorderly retreat
...the Battle of Hastings at which the Norman army routed the English opposition.
諾曼軍隊徹底擊潰英格蘭軍隊的黑斯廷斯戰役

thickness

67
n.層; 濃度; 厚(度); 最厚的部分
the smallest of three dimensions
For breakfast I had a thick slice of bread and syrup...
早餐我吃瞭一片厚厚的塗瞭糖漿的麵包。

discern

68
v.察覺齣,瞭解; 分辨齣
to detect with the eyes
It was hard to discern why this was happening.
很難弄清楚這為什麼會發生。

spectroscopic

69
adj.分光鏡的,藉助分光鏡的
an instrument for forming and examining spectra especially in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum
Spectroscopic emulsion should be stored in a dry, oxygen - free environment.
光譜測量用的乳膠應貯存在乾燥 、 無氧的環境中.

bowman

70
n.弓箭手,(劃船)頭槳手
archer
Dave Bowman: Open the pod bay doors, HAL.
大夫: 把艙門打開, 哈爾.

kelly

71
n.凱利帽(男式硬帽,如圓頂禮帽或平頂草帽)
Ellsworth 1923—2015 American artist
Mr. Kelly was sentenced to six months in prison for contempt.
凱利先生因藐視法庭被判6個月監禁。

butler

72
n.男管傢; 僕役長; 司膳官
a manservant having charge of the wines and liquors
Oh, men were so vile, and Rhett Butler was the worst of them all!
啊, 男人都壞透瞭, 瑞德-巴特勒更是他們中最下流的一個!

silva

73
n.森林裏的樹木,森林,森林誌
the forest trees of a region or country
Mr. da Silva has made several moves to ease investors'worries.
為減少投資者的擔憂,達?席爾瓦采取瞭幾項措施.

delineate

74
vt.勾畫,描述
to describe, portray, or set forth with accuracy or in detail
Biography must to some extent delineate characters...
傳記必須在一定程度上描繪人物。

hong

75
n.(中國,日本等的)商行,行,洋行
a commercial establishment or house of foreign trade in China
They had asked Hong Kong for permission to put into port there.
他們請求香港允許他們在那裏入港停留。

mesa

76
n.平頂山(常見於美國西南部地區)
an isolated relatively flat-topped natural elevation usually more extensive than a butte and less extensive than a plateau; also : a broad terrace with an abrupt slope on one side : bench
Will we experience the Black Mesa incident in further games?
以後的係列,玩傢還會不會經曆黑山事件?

biogenesis

77
n.生源論
the development of life from preexisting life
Some basic problems and biogenesis on natural products research were analysed.
分析瞭天然産物研究中的基本問題和生源研究.

becker

78
[人名] 貝剋爾; [地名] [美國] 貝剋
Gary Stanley 1930—2014 American economist
Becker has never been the most consistent of players anyway.
不管怎麼說,貝剋爾從來就不是錶現最為穩定的球員。

hypothalamic

79
adj.丘腦下部的,下丘腦的
of or relating to the hypothalamus
Deficiency syndrome of Kidney Yang involves the dysfunction of Hypothalamic - Pituitary - target gland axis.
腎陽虛證下丘腦 - 垂體 - 靶腺(腎上腺、甲狀腺、性腺及胸腺)軸的功能紊亂.

kraft

80
n.牛皮紙
a strong paper or cardboard made from wood pulp produced from wood chips boiled in an alkaline solution containing sodium sulfate
The piece goods are to be wrapped in kraft paper, then packed in wooden cases.
布匹在裝入木箱以前要用牛皮紙包好.

renovation

81
n.翻新; 修復; 整修; 恢復活力
to restore to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding)
The renovation process and decoration took four months.
翻新和粉刷總共耗時4個月。

munch

82
vt.& vi.用力咀嚼(某物); 大聲咀嚼
to eat with a chewing action; also : to snack on
Luke munched the chicken sandwiches...
盧剋津津有味地吃著雞肉三明治。

wrestling

83
n.摔跤(運動)v.摔跤; 試圖解決; 奮力對付(wrestle的現在分詞)
a sport or contest in which two unarmed individuals struggle hand to hand with each attempting to subdue or unbalance the other
...a championship wrestling match.
摔跤錦標賽比賽

carcinogenesis

84
n.癌病變,緻癌作用
the production of cancer
An extension of these ideas is embodied in the theory of ALLISON concerning carcinogenesis.
在阿利森的癌癥發生學說中,這些概念得到發揮.

reductionist

85
還原論者
explanation of complex life-science processes and phenomena in terms of the laws of physics and chemistry; also : a theory or doctrine that complete reductionism is possible
This encourages reductionist explanations of fascist ideology.
這助長瞭對法西斯意識形態的簡單化解釋。

atomistic

86
adj.原子論的
of or relating to atoms or atomism
Atomistic competition has prima facie approval.
原子學傢的競爭得到顯而易見的贊許.