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📖 Chapter4 - Biolex 學習卡片

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alpha

1
n.希臘字母的第一個字母
the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet
Alpha-Bravo-Zulu 643 to Saltezar, do you read me? Over.
阿爾法-布拉沃-祖魯643呼叫薩德紮,能聽到我的聲音嗎?完畢。

hydrolysis

2
n.水解
a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water
After the research the condition the optimum technique of hydrolysis was found.
並且考察瞭五倍子的水解條件,篩選齣較為理想的水解工藝.

hydroxyl

3
n.羥(基)氫氧基; 羥基
the chemical group, ion, or radical OH that consists of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen and is neutral or negatively charged
It will be more susceptible to attack by hydroxyl ion.
它更容易被羥基離子所作用.

imidazole

4
n.咪唑
a white crystalline heterocyclic base C3H4N2 that is an antimetabolite related to histidine; broadly : any of various derivatives of this
Examples of such nitrogenous compounds are imidazole, ammeline, ammelide.
這類含氮化閤物的例子是咪唑, 三聚氰酸三酰胺, 三聚氰酸一酰胺.

hydrophilic

5
adj.親水的,吸水的
of, relating to, or having a strong affinity for water
The photographic elements contain a blue - sensitive hydrophilic colloid silver halide emulsion layer.
照像材料含有親水膠體的感藍鹵化銀鹵劑層.

selenium

6
n.硒
a photosensitive element that occurs in both crystalline and amorphous forms, is obtained chiefly as a by-product in copper refining, and is used especially in glass, semiconductor devices, and alloys
Selenium and aluminum are found in vanishingly small concentrations within living things.
硒和鋁在生物中含量其微.

notably

7
adv.“notable“的派生; 顯著地; 尤其
in a notable manner : to a high degree
The divorce would be granted when more important problems, notably the fate of the children, had been decided...
更為重要的問題,尤其是孩子的問題得到解決後,離婚會獲批準。

mutant

8
n.突變體; 突變異種; 變種生物; 突變adj.突變的; 變異的; 變異所引起的; 經過突變的
of, relating to, or produced by mutation
a mutant protein
變異蛋白質

decarboxylation

9
n.去碳酸基
the removal or elimination of carboxyl from a molecule
It was originally obtained by decarboxylation of benzoic acid.
它最先是由苯甲酸脫羧而得到的.

hydrochloride

10
n.氫氯化物
a chemical complex composed of an organic base (such as an alkaloid) in association with hydrogen chloride
Objective : To analyse the content of berberine hydrochloride in Zhibai Dihuang Wan.
目的: 測定知柏地黃丸中鹽酸小檗堿的含量.

denote

11
v.預示,錶明; 意指,指代
to serve as an indication of : betoken
Red eyes denote strain and fatigue...
眼睛充血錶明壓力過大、身心疲憊。

intriguing

12
adj.有趣的; 迷人的v.搞陰謀詭計(intrigue的現在分詞); 激起…的好奇心
engaging the interest to a marked degree : fascinating
This intriguing book is both thoughtful and informative.
這本引人入勝的書既有思想性又富知識性。

incorporation

13
n.團結; 閤並; 編入; 法人組織
the act or an instance of incorporating : something or the state of being incorporated
The incorporation of air bubbles in the glass spoiled it.
玻璃含有氣泡,使它質量降低.

methodology

14
n.(從事某一活動的)一套方法; 方法學; 方法論
a body of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a discipline : a particular procedure or set of procedures
Teaching methodologies vary according to the topic...
題目不同,教學法也不一樣。

canonical

15
adj.權威的; 見於<聖經>正經篇目的; 大教堂教士的; 按照教規的
of, relating to, or forming a canon
The quantal features can be obtained by the canonical procedure of quantization.
量子特徵可用正則量子化方式得到.

lexicon

16
n.詞典; 專門詞匯
a book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language and their definitions : dictionary
...the lexicon of management...
管理學詞匯

added

17
adj.更多的; 附加的; 額外的v.加; 加入; 增加; 添加
existing or occurring as an increase or addition : additional, further
For added protection choose a lipstick with a sun screen.
選擇防曬護唇膏來增強保護。

ammonium

18
n.銨
an ion NH4+ derived from ammonia by combination with a hydrogen ion and known in compounds (such as salts) that resemble in properties the compounds of the alkali metals
More ammonium sulphate solution is being recovered in the process of distilling oil shale.
在提煉油頁岩的過程中迴收的硫酸銨液比過去多瞭.

para

19
n.<口>帕拉膠
any of several monetary units of the Turkish Empire
Some sedatives produce the para-doxical effect of making the person more anxious.
一些鎮靜劑適得其反,加重瞭患者的焦慮。

polarization

20
n.産生極性; 極化; (光)偏振; 對立
division into two sharply distinct opposites;  especially : a state in which the opinions, beliefs, or interests of a group or society no longer range along a continuum but become concentrated at opposing extremes
For more detailed information on induced polarization, review papers by Madden.
關於誘發極化法的更詳細的資料, 可參閱馬登的述評文章.

chromophore

21
n.發色團,載色體
a chemical group (such as an azo group) that absorbs light at a specific frequency and so imparts color to a molecule; also : a colored chemical compound
The mechanism was that enzyme system destroyed the chromophore of dyes.
酶體係是通過破壞染料的發色體而達到去除浮色的目的.

autocatalytic

22
adj.自身催化的
catalysis of a reaction by one of its products
B from the family of boron have autocatalytic effect.
硼族元素對焦炭反應性起負催化作用.

jean

23
n.(耐用的)斜紋棉布; 牛仔褲,斜紋棉布褲
a durable twilled cotton cloth used especially for sportswear and work clothes
A very hard winter came , Jean had no work.
有一年鼕季, 冉阿讓找不到工作.

confirmed

24
adj.確認的; 堅定的; 根深蒂固的v.批準(confirm的過去式和過去分詞); 證實
marked by long continuance and likely to persist
I'm a confirmed bachelor...
我抱定瞭獨身的想法。

electromagnetic

25
adj.<物>電磁的
of, relating to, or produced by electromagnetism
...electromagnetic fields.
電磁場

infrared

26
adj.<物>紅外綫的
situated outside the visible spectrum at its red end —used of radiation having a wavelength between about 700 nanometers and 1 millimeter
...searching with infrared scanners for weapons and artillery.
用紅外掃描儀搜索武器與大炮

phosphorescence

27
n.磷光(現象)
luminescence that is caused by the absorption of radiations (such as light or electrons) and continues for a noticeable time after these radiations have stopped
He saw the phosphorescence of the Gulf weed in the water.
他看見馬尾藻在水中發齣的磷光.

isomeric

28
adj.同質異構的
of, relating to, or exhibiting isomerism
Any of three gaseous isomeric ethylene hydrocarbons , C 4 H 8 , used principally in making synthetic rubbers.
丁烯乙烯的三種氣態同分異構體之一,C4H8, 主要用於製造閤成橡膠.

molar

29
n.臼齒,磨牙
a tooth with a rounded or flattened surface adapted for grinding; specifically : one of the cheek teeth in mammals behind the incisors and canines
The maximum absorption wavelength and the molar absorption coefficient of these compounds are determined.
測定瞭這些化閤物的最大吸收波長及摩爾吸光係數.

absorptivity

30
n.吸收率,吸收性
the property of a body that determines the fraction of incident radiation absorbed by the body
Under the room temperature, PTMEG has the water absorptivity.
在室溫下, PTMEG都具有吸水性.

carbonaceous

31
adj.碳的,碳質的,含碳的
relating to, containing, or composed of carbon
Thin layers of sandy shale, and carbonaceous fragments are locally present.
局部齣現砂質頁岩薄層和碳質碎屑.

handedness

32
n.用右手或左手的習慣; 偏手性
a tendency to use one hand rather than the other
They have been accused of secrecy and high-handedness in their dealings.
他們被指控隱瞞信息和強製交易。

thiol

33
n.硫醇; 巰基
any of various compounds having the general formula RSH which are analogous to alcohols but in which sulfur replaces the oxygen of the hydroxyl group and which have disagreeable odors
Only a very limited amount of data is available on thiol esters.
有關硫醇酯類的數據非常有限.

solvent

34
n.[化]溶劑,溶媒; 解釋,說明; 解決方法; 使瓦解的東西adj.有溶解能力的,可溶解的; 有清還債務能力的; 起瓦解作用的
able to pay all legal debts
They're going to have to show that the company is now solvent.
他們必須要證明公司目前具備償還能力。

outweigh

35
vt.在重量上超過; 比…重要; 勝過,強過; 比…有價值
to exceed in weight, value, or importance
The medical benefits of x-rays far outweigh the risk of having them...
X光在醫學上的益處遠甚於它帶來的風險。

chemically

36
adv.化學地; 化學上地; 用化學; 以化學方法
of, relating to, used in, or produced by chemistry or the phenomena of chemistry
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen combine chemically to form carbohydrates and fats.
碳、氫、氧化閤形成碳水化閤物和脂肪。

monomeric

37
adj.單節顯性的
a chemical compound that can undergo polymerization
Monomeric enzyme, oligomeric enzyme, multienzyme system and enzymatic molecular device are ideal model supramolecules.
單體酶 、 寡聚酶 、 多酶體係和酶分子機器是理想的天然模型超分子.

myosin

38
n.肌球蛋白
a fibrous globulin of muscle that can split ATP and that reacts with actin in muscle contraction to form actomyosin
However, MyoD 1, myosin , myoglobin, S 100, desmin , CK, EMA, CD 68 and CD 117 were negative.
而MyoD1 、 myosin 、 myoglobin 、 S-100 、 Des 、 CK 、 EMA 、 CD68以及CD117均(-).

pancreas

39
n.<解剖>胰,胰腺
a large lobulated gland of vertebrates that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon
During left LPN , the spleen, splenic flexure and pancreas are reflected medially.
在左側LPN中, 脾髒, 結腸脾麯以及胰腺應使其倒嚮內側.

cheng

40
abbr.chief engineer 總工程師
city northeast of Beijing in the province of Hebei, northeastern China population 246,799
Old Cheng fell asleep, but Xiangzi tossed and turned in wakefulness.
老程睡去, 祥子來迴的翻騰,始終睡不著.

electrophoresis

41
n.電泳療法
the movement of suspended particles through a medium (such as paper or gel) under the action of an electromotive force applied to electrodes in contact with the suspension
Electrophoresis is a technique that separates macromolecules according to their net electrical charge and shape.
電泳是根據分子的靜電荷和形狀分離大分子的技術.

intrinsic

42
adj.固有的,內在的,本質的; [解剖]體內的; 本徵; 先天性
belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a thing
The paintings have no intrinsic value except as curiosities...
這些油畫除瞭作為古董,本身沒有什麼內在價值。

functionality

43
n.(計算機或電子係統的)功能; 功能性; 設計目的; 實用
the quality or state of being functional; especially : the set of functions or capabilities associated with computer software or hardware or an electronic device
It is significantly more compact than any comparable laptop, with no loss in functionality.
它比同類筆記本電腦小巧很多,但功能未減。

hamlet

44
n.村子; 〈英〉(無教堂的)小村莊; 〈比喻〉優柔寡斷的人; 哈姆雷特
a small village
Hamlet revenged himself on his father's murderer.
哈姆雷特嚮謀殺他父親的凶手報仇.

alpine

45
adj.阿爾卑斯山的; 阿爾卑斯山區居民的; 高山的n.高山植物
a plant native to alpine or boreal regions that is often grown for ornament
...grassy, alpine meadows.
高山上長滿青草的草地

hydro

46
n.水療院; 電,水力電
an establishment offering hydropathic treatment (as for weight loss) : health spa
to settle your hydro invoice
付水電費賬單

anatomy

47
n.解剖,分解,分析; (詳細的)剖析; (生物體的)解剖結構; 骨骼
a branch of morphology that deals with the structure of organisms
The intricate details of her facial anatomy were meticulously studied by the artist.
藝術傢仔細研究瞭她麵部解剖結構的復雜細節。

polarity

48
n.[物]極性; [生]反嚮性; 對立; [數]配極
the quality or condition inherent in a body that exhibits opposite properties or powers in opposite parts or directions or that exhibits contrasted properties or powers in contrasted parts or directions : the condition of having poles
...the ideological polarity between nations.
國傢間意識形態的截然對立

shorthand

49
n.速記; 速記法; 簡略的錶達方式
a method of writing rapidly by substituting characters, abbreviations, or symbols for letters, sounds, words, or phrases : stenography
Ben took notes in shorthand.
本用速記法記筆記。

phonetic

50
adj.語音的; 語音學的; 音形一緻的; 錶示語音的
representing the sounds and other phenomena of speech: such as
The phonetic symbols help learners understand pronunciation accurately.
音標符號幫助學習者準確理解發音。

critically

51
adv.批判性地; 苛求地; 危急地; 嚴重地
inclined to criticize severely and unfavorably
The incident happened at a critical point in the campaign...
該事件發生在競選活動的關鍵時期。

cyclic

52
adj.周期的,循環的; 輪轉的
of, relating to, or being a cycle
the cyclic rhythm of seasons
四季的循環節律

borderline

53
n.分界綫,國界綫adj.邊界上的; 邊界附近的; 曖昧的; 不明確的
being in an intermediate position or state : not fully classifiable as one thing or its opposite
...a task which involves exploring the borderline between painting and photography.
一項探究繪畫與攝影之間界綫的工作

favorably

54
adv.順利地,好意地,親切地
disposed to favor : partial
Our great motherland is favorably endowed climately.
我們祖國的氣候(真是)得天獨厚.

indole

55
n.吲哚
a crystalline alkaloid compound C8H7N that is a decomposition product of proteins containing tryptophan, that can be made synthetically, and that is used in perfumes; also : a derivative of indole
Indole is extracted from methylnaphthalene oil through solvent extracting.
用溶劑萃取法從甲基萘油中萃取吲哚.

phenolic

56
adj.酚的,石碳酸的
of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a phenol
Various phenolic formulations, impregnated in glass fabrics, were studied in this way.
曾用此方法研究浸入玻璃織物的各種苯酚配方.

sufficiently

57
adv.足夠地,充分地; 十分,相當
enough to meet the needs of a situation or a proposed end
One metre of fabric is sufficient to cover the exterior of an 18-in-diameter hatbox...
一米布足以包裹住直徑為 18 英寸的帽盒。

appropriately

58
adv.適當地
especially suitable or compatible : fitting
And Julie married Alec, dressed appropriately in virginal white.
硃莉穿著一件與此場閤相稱的純白婚紗嫁給瞭亞曆剋。

uncommon

59
adj.不尋常的; 罕見的; 非凡的,傑齣的; 非常接近的
not ordinarily encountered : unusual
Cancer of the breast in young women is uncommon...
乳腺癌在年輕女子當中並不常見。

microbe

60
n.微生物,細菌
microorganism, germ
The probe is sensitive enough to detect the presence of a single microbe.
這個探針的靈敏度很高,足以測齣任何微生物的存在.

cannot

61
=can not; 未可; 不能; 不可
can not
I cannot understand why they canceled the concert!
我不明白他們為什麼取消瞭音樂會!

homeostasis

62
n.動態靜止; 動態平衡; (社會群體的)自我平衡; 原狀穩定
a relatively stable state of equilibrium or a tendency toward such a state between the different but interdependent elements or groups of elements of an organism, population, or group
Thoday distinguishes " phenotypic flexibility " from " developmental homeostasis. "
Thoday把 “ 錶型可塑性 ” 與 “ 發育同形作用 ” 區彆開.

thesis

63
n.論文,畢業論文; 論點,論題; 命題
a dissertation embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view; especially : one written by a candidate for an academic degree
This thesis does not stand up to close inspection.
這個命題經不起仔細推敲。

activation

64
n.活化,激活,[化]活化作用; 緻活
to make active or more active: such as
Video cameras with night vision can be activated by movement.
帶夜視鏡的攝像機一有動靜就會啓動。

inactivation

65
n.滅活,失活,鈍化(作用); 減化
to make inactive
This inactivation may be accomplished in a variety of ways.
這種失去活性作用能以多種方式來實現.

thyroid

66
n.甲狀腺; 甲狀軟骨; 甲狀腺劑; 甲狀腺粉
a large bilobed endocrine gland of vertebrates lying at the anterior base of the neck and producing especially the hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine
Objective : To describe the characteristic radiographic appearances of thyroid acropachy ( TA ) and improve the recognition.
目的: 討論甲狀腺肢端病 ( TA ) 的影像學錶現及診斷,以提高對該病的認識.

anti

67
prep.反對
one that is opposed
Despite what the antis would tell you, hunting is for people from all walks of life.
不管持反對意見的人將告訴你什麼,狩獵適閤於各個階層的人。

deleterious

68
adj.有害的; 有毒
harmful often in a subtle or unexpected way
The cold weather had most deleterious consequences among the chrysanthemums.
寒冷的天氣對菊花産生瞭極有害的影響.

folding

69
adj.可摺疊的v.摺疊,對摺交疊( fold的現在分詞 ); 包圍; 包起; 籠罩
capable of being folded into a more compact shape
a folding table
摺疊桌

catalytic

70
adj.接觸反應的; 起催化作用的n.催化劑; 刺激因素
causing, involving, or relating to catalysis
The first catalytic converters were called conventional oxidation catalysts.
最初的轉化器叫做常規氧化催化器.

reductase

71
n.還原酶
an enzyme that catalyzes reduction
Nitrate reductase is a short - lived enzyme.
硝酸還原酶是短壽酶.

connective

72
adj.起連接作用的; 連接的,聯結的n.連接詞; 連接物,結閤物
serving to connect
Connective fibers provide structural support to various organs in the body.
結締縴維為體內的各種器官提供結構支撐。

collagen

73
n.[生化]膠原蛋白; 膠原質
any of a group of fibrous proteins that occur in vertebrates as the chief constituent of connective tissue fibrils and in bones and yield gelatin and glue upon boiling with water
The collagen that is included in face creams comes from animal skin.
麵霜中的膠原蛋白取自動物皮層。

gelatin

74
n.凝膠,白明膠
glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by boiling; especially : a colloidal protein used as a food, in photography, and in medicine
Other Ingredients : Gelatin, Glycerin. This product contains fish ( shark ) ingredients.
凝膠, 甘油. 本品含有魚 ( 鯊魚 ) 成分.

biochemically

75
adv.由生化反應産生(biochemical的副詞形式)
of or relating to biochemistry
M: Overrate . biochemically . no different than eating large quantities of chocolate.
‘愛’往往被人誇大,在生物作用中,僅僅用一塊巧剋力就能達到相同的效果.

adrenaline

76
n.<生化>腎上腺素; <喻>刺激物; 激勵因素; 一陣興奮(或激動)
epinephrine
The applause acted on her like a shot of adrenaline.
掌聲猶如給她注射瞭一支強心劑.

astound

77
vt.使震驚,使大吃一驚
to fill with bewilderment or wonder
If we did all the things we are capable of doing, we would literally astound ourselves.
如果把我們能做到的都做瞭,最終連我們自己都會被嚇到。

biosphere

78
n.生物圈; 生物界; 生物層
the part of the world in which life can exist
Biosphere 2 was ultimately ridiculed as a research debade, as exfravagant pseudoscience.
生物圈2號最終被譏諷為科研上的大失敗, 代價是昂貴的僞科學.

therein

79
adv.其中,在那裏; 在那點上,在那方麵
in or into that place, time, or thing
By burning tree branches, pine needles, and pine cones, many not only warm their houses but improve the smell therein.
許多人在傢裏燒樹枝、鬆針和鬆果,不但給房子取暖,還改善瞭屋裏的氣味。

peter

80
vi.漸漸枯竭[消失]; 逐漸減少; 逐漸減弱; 慢慢消失vt.使…精疲力竭n.彼得(人名)
to diminish gradually and come to an end : give out —usually used with out
The project petered out due to a shortage of funding.
這個項目因資金短缺而逐漸停滯。

therapeutic

81
adj.治療(學)的,療法的; 有益於健康的
of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods : curative, medicinal
Astanga Yoga is a therapeutic physical exercise that focuses on breathing and relaxation.
八步功法瑜伽注重呼吸和放鬆,是一種舒緩身心的鍛煉方法。

readily

82
adv.樂意地; 快捷地; 輕而易舉地; 便利地; 容易地
in a ready manner: such as
I asked her if she would allow me to interview her, and she readily agreed...
我問她是否允許我采訪她,她欣然同意瞭。

carboxylic

83
adj.羧基的
a monovalent functional group or radical —COOH typical of organic acids —called also carboxyl group
This study synthesis a metabolite of additive of Olaquindox named methyl - 3 - quinoxaline - 2 - carboxylic acid.
本實驗研究瞭喹乙醇飼料添加劑的生物代謝物3-甲基 - 喹啉 -2- 羧酸的製備方法所製備的産品.

substantially

84
adv.本質上,實質上; 大體上; 充分地; 相當多地
consisting of or relating to substance
The percentage of girls in engineering has increased substantially...
學工科的女孩的比例已經大大增加瞭。

acetic

85
adj.醋的,乙酸的
a colorless pungent liquid acid C2H4O2 that is the chief acid of vinegar and that is used especially in synthesis (as of plastics)
Suffice it to say that the unusually high boiling point of acetic acid.
隻要談一下醋酸的不尋常的高沸點就行.

weakly

86
adv.軟弱地,無力地,疲軟地
feeble, weak
He nodded weakly in agreement.
他虛弱地點瞭點頭錶示同意。

staphylococcal

87
adj.葡萄球菌的,由葡萄球菌引起的
of, relating to, caused by, or being a staphylococcus
Staphylococcal food poisoning is the most common bacterial food poisoning.
葡萄球菌性食物中毒是最常見的一種細菌性食物中毒.

nuclease

88
n.核酸酶
any of various enzymes that promote hydrolysis of nucleic acids
It hasn't been reported that the coelomic fluid of earthworm shows nuclease activity.
但對體腔液核酸酶活性卻未見報道.