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📖 Chapter06 - Biolex 學習卡片

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noncompetitive

1
n.& adj.非競爭性(的)
not competitive : uncompetitive: such as
A noncompetitive antagonist prevents the agonist from producing any effect at a given receptor site.
非競爭性拮抗劑可阻止激動劑在特定受體部位産生任何效應.

competitive

2
adj.競爭的; 有競爭力的
relating to, characterized by, or based on competition
...a travel company specialising in amazingly competitive rates for flights.
專門提供極優惠航班摺扣的旅遊公司

allosteric

3
adj.變構(象)的; 酶變構
of, relating to, undergoing, or being a change in the shape and activity of a protein (such as an enzyme) that results from combination with another substance at a point other than the chemically active site
Proteins which have two separate but interacting sites are called allosteric proteins.
這種具有兩個不同而又相互作用位置的蛋白質叫做變構蛋白質.

enzyme

4
n.[生化]酶
any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures
Tampering with a single enzyme can lead to untoward effects elsewhere.
破壞一種酶可能會導緻在彆處齣現異常。

phosphorylation

5
n.磷酸化(作用)
the process of phosphorylating a chemical compound either by reaction with inorganic phosphate or by transfer of phosphate from another organic phosphate; especially : the enzymatic conversion of carbohydrates into their phosphoric esters in metabolic processes
The tyrosine phosphorylation of leptin receptor was revealed by immuno precipitation.
應用免疫沉澱法檢測瘦素受體的酪氨酸磷酸化程度.

catalytic

6
adj.接觸反應的; 起催化作用的n.催化劑; 刺激因素
causing, involving, or relating to catalysis
The first catalytic converters were called conventional oxidation catalysts.
最初的轉化器叫做常規氧化催化器.

hexokinase

7
n.己糖激酶
any of a group of enzymes that accelerate the phosphorylation of hexoses (as in the formation of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose and ATP) in carbohydrate metabolism
Objective To evaluate the influence of icterus on the determination of glucose by Hexokinase ( HK ) methods.
目的:探討黃疸對己糖激酶(Hexokinase,hk)法測定血糖 ( GLU ) 的影響.

cellular

8
adj.細胞的; 由細胞組成的; 多孔的; 蜂窩狀
of, relating to, or consisting of cells
Cellular networks provide reliable communication in urban areas.
蜂窩網絡在城市地區提供可靠的通信。

modification

9
n.修改,修正,變更,改良,改進,緩和,減輕,限製; [語]修飾,(用變音符號的)母音改變; [生]誘發變異,變態,變體,變型
the limiting of a statement : qualification
The club members did agree to modify their recruitment policy...
俱樂部成員的確同意修改吸納新成員的政策。

ribonuclease

10
n.核糖核酸酶
an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of RNA —called also RNase
Has discussed in initially the frog egg the ribonuclease active constituent.
初步探討瞭蛙卵中核糖核酸酶的活性組分.

ribosomal

11
adj.核醣體的
any of the RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis
Chloroplast ribosomes contain about 50 distinct ribosomal proteins, distributed between the two subunits.
葉綠體核糖體還含有約50種不同的核糖體蛋白, 這蛋白分布在兩個亞基之中.

protease

12
n.蛋白酶
any of numerous enzymes that hydrolyze proteins and are classified according to the most prominent functional group (such as serine or cysteine) at the active site —called also proteinase
A protease is key to the replication of the virus.
蛋白酶是阻止非典病毒變異的關鍵物質.

addition

13
n.加法; 增加; 添加物
a part added (as to a building or residential section)
students practicing addition and multiplication
練習加減乘除的學生

isothermal

14
adj.等溫的,等溫綫的n.等溫綫
of, relating to, or marked by equality of temperature
A process taking place at constant temperature is said to be isothermal.
溫度恒定時發生的過程叫做等溫過程.

distortion

15
n.歪麯,麯解; 失真,變形
the act of twisting or altering something out of its true, natural, or original state : the act of distorting
A bigger objection is that aggregation of the results invites distortion.
一種更大的異議是把各種結果集中考慮容易導緻麯解。

alternative

16
n.可供選擇的事物adj.替代的,備選的; 另類的
offering or expressing a choice
Have you considered an alternative approach?
你有沒有考慮過彆的方法?

metastable

17
adj.亞穩的
having or characterized by only a slight margin of stability
Alloying elements will inhibit the formation of metastable phase.
添加閤金元素將抑製亞穩相的形成.

biological

18
adj.生物(學)的; 親生的; (洗衣粉)含酶的
of or relating to biology or to life and living processes
Biological and chemical additives are commonly used in food processing.
生物和化學添加劑常用於食品加工中。

diversity

19
n.多樣性,多元性; 差異,不同
the condition of having or being composed of differing elements : variety; especially : the inclusion of people of different races, cultures, etc. in a group or organization
...the cultural diversity of British society.
英國社會文化的多元性

additional

20
adj.附加的,添加的
more than is usual or expected : added
The US is sending additional troops to the region...
美國正嚮該地區增兵。

carboxypeptidase

21
n.羧肽酶
an enzyme that hydrolyzes peptides and especially polypeptides by splitting off sequentially the amino acids at the end of the peptide chain which contain free carboxyl groups
Non - toxic inhibitor for esterase, lipase and N - formyl - methionine aminopeptidase. Inhibits also carboxypeptidase Y - like exopeptidase.
酯酶 、 脂肪酶和N - 甲酰甲硫氨酸氨基肽酶無毒的抑製劑. 也抑製羧肽酶Y類外肽酶.

proteolytic

22
adj.(分)解蛋白的,蛋白水解的
of, relating to, or producing proteolysis
Serizyme, a standardized bacterial proteolytic enzyme, may be used.
絲膠酶是一種標準的細菌解朊酶, 也可以應用.

catalase

23
n.接觸酵素,過氧化氫酶
a red crystalline enzyme that consists of a protein complex with hematin groups and catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
Catalase catalyes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
過氧化氫酶催化過氧化氫的分解.

indispensable

24
adj.不可缺少的; 絕對必要的; 責無旁貸的; 不可避開的
absolutely necessary : essential
She was becoming indispensable to him.
他已變得越來越離不開她瞭。

activator

25
n.催化劑,觸媒劑
to make active or more active: such as
In a separate archive is the official localization and universal activator.
在單獨的存檔是正式的本地化和普遍激活.

inhibitor

26
n.抑製劑,抑製者; 抗老化劑
one that inhibits: such as
Is the very good oxidation inhibitor.
都是很好的抗氧化劑.

analogy

27
n.類比,比喻; 類推
a comparison of two otherwise unlike things based on resemblance of a particular aspect
The scientist made an analogy between the human brain and a computer.
科學傢打瞭個比喻,把人的大腦比作電腦。

hydrolysis

28
n.水解
a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water
After the research the condition the optimum technique of hydrolysis was found.
並且考察瞭五倍子的水解條件,篩選齣較為理想的水解工藝.

feedback

29
n.反饋(意見); 反饋噪音
the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source; also : the information so transmitted
Continue to ask for feedback on your work...
繼續徵求對你的工作的反饋意見。

substrate

30
n.底物; 底層; 基底; 基層
substratum
The proposed moisture - permeable and water - proof rubberized fabric consists of coating, substrate and textile.
所研製的透濕防水膠布的結構組成為覆蓋膠層 、 底塗膠層和紡織物層.

acidic

31
adj.(味)酸的; [化]酸的,酸性的; 含有大量矽酸的
acid-forming
If the sprouts smell, or taste, mouldy or acidic do not eat them.
如果甘藍聞著或吃著有黴味或酸味,請勿食用。

equilibrium

32
n.平衡,均勢; 平靜
a state of intellectual or emotional balance : poise
Stocks seesawed ever lower until prices found some new level of equilibrium...
股票在震蕩中進一步下跌,直到股價達到某個新的平衡點。

pathway

33
n.路,道; 途徑,路徑
path, course
Richard was coming up the pathway.
理查德正沿著小路走過來。

metal

34
n.金屬; 金屬元素; 成色; 金色vt.以金屬覆蓋
any of various opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous substances that are good conductors of electricity and heat, form cations by loss of electrons, and yield basic oxides and hydroxides; especially : one that is a chemical element as distinguished from an alloy
...pieces of furniture in wood, metal and glass...
用木料、金屬和玻璃製成的一件件傢具

providing

35
conj.如果; 假如; 在…條件下; 倘若v.提供,供給,供應( provide的現在分詞); 規定; 提供[(+for)]; 裝備
on condition that : in case
I do believe in people being able to do what they want to do, providing they're not hurting someone else...
我真的認為人們隻要不傷害彆人,自己想做什麼就可以做什麼。

effectors

36
n.效果器; [遺] 效應物; 感受器(effector的復數形式)
one that causes or brings about something
The nerves establish communication between the nerve centers and the sense organs and effectors.
神經把神經中樞與感覺器和效應器聯係起來.

coenzymes

37
n.[生化] 輔酶(coenzyme的復數)
a thermostable nonprotein compound that forms the active portion of an enzyme system after combination with an apoenzyme
These four vitamins act in coenzymes.
這四種維生素在輔酶中起作用.

nonprotein

38
n.非蛋白質,不含蛋白質的物質adj.不含蛋白質的
not being or derived from protein
Many enzymes will not work without the presence of an additional nonprotein substance called a cofactor.
許多酶如不外加一種叫做輔助因子的非蛋白質物質就不能工作.

glycogen

39
n.肝糖,糖原質; 糖元; 牲粉
a white amorphous tasteless polysaccharide (C6H10O5)x that is the principal form in which glucose is stored in animal tissues and especially muscle and liver tissue
After the animal is killed, glycogen falls apart into glucose.
動物被殺後, 肝糖元分解為葡萄糖.

tetrahymena

40
n.四膜蟲
any of a genus (Tetrahymena) of ciliate protozoans
Tetrahymena is applied for detecting toxicity, apoptosis and water quality monitoring at present.
目前已作為標準檢測生物被廣泛應用於毒性檢測 、 細胞凋亡和水質檢測中.

conditions

41
n.(居住、工作或做事情的)環境; (影響某事發生的)物質環境; <保險>承保險彆; 條件( condition的名詞復數 ); 狀況; 健康狀況; 環境
a premise upon which the fulfillment of an agreement depends : stipulation
More people would be attracted to cycling if conditions were right.
如果天氣適宜,會有更多的人被吸引到騎自行車的行列中來。

discussed

42
v.談論( discuss的過去式和過去分詞 ); 討論; 商量; 論述
to talk about
The nature and availability of material evidence was not to be discussed.
實質性證據的性質和可用性毋庸討論。

distinct

43
adj.不同的; 清楚的,明顯的; 確切的
distinguishable to the eye or mind as being discrete or not the same : separate
Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude...
由於托尼不在場瞭,她的態度有瞭明顯的轉變。

distinguish

44
v.區分,使有彆於; 辨彆齣; 使齣名
to perceive a difference in : mentally separate
At what stage can students clearly distinguish between facts and opinions?
學生在什麼階段纔能清楚區分事實和觀點?

polymers

45
n.<化>聚閤物(體)( polymer的名詞復數 )
a chemical compound or mixture of compounds formed by polymerization and consisting essentially of repeating structural units
The prices of polymers and suchlike materials will decrease.
聚閤物及類似材料的價格會下降。

depending

46
v.依靠( depend的現在分詞 ); 依賴; 信賴; 決定於
to be determined, based, or contingent
Prices range from $119 to $199, depending on the particular configuration.
價格因具體配置而異,從119美元至199美元不等。

synthesized

47
v.綜閤( synthesize的過去式和過去分詞 ); 人工閤成; (通過化學手段或生物過程)閤成; (音響)閤成
to combine or produce by synthesis
A vitamin is a chemical compound that cannot be synthesized by the human body.
維生素是一種人體無法閤成的化閤物。

understanding

48
n.瞭解; 理解; 互相理解; 協議; 領會adj.善解人意的
a mental grasp : comprehension
They have to have a basic understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology.
要想利用先進技術,他們必須先對計算機有個基本的瞭解。

catalyze

49
vt.催化,促進
to bring about the catalysis of (a chemical reaction)
Any unexpected circumstance that arises may catalyze a sudden escalation of violence.
任何突如其來的情況都可能造成暴力驟然升級。

analogues

50
n.相似物( analogue的名詞復數 ); <化>類似物; 類比; <語>同源詞
something that is similar or comparable to something else either in general or in some specific detail : something that is analogous to something else
A vegetarian gets protein not from meat but from its analogues.
素食者所攝取的蛋白質不是來自肉類而是來自近似肉類的食物.

catalysts

51
n.<化>催化劑( catalyst的名詞復數 ); 觸媒; 促進因素; 有感染力的人
a substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate or under different conditions (as at a lower temperature) than otherwise possible
The first catalytic converters were called conventional oxidation catalysts.
最初的轉化器叫做常規氧化催化器.

dissociate

52
vt.使分離vi.分離
to separate from association or union with another
She wanted to dissociate herself from the controversial statements made by her colleagues.
她想要與同事們發錶的有爭議的言論劃清界限。

indirectly

53
adv.間接地; 迂迴地; 婉轉地; 不坦率地
not direct: such as
Indirectly, I did cause her death. I shouldn'thave left her there.
的確,她的死是我間接造成的。我不該把她留在那裏。

difference

54
n.差彆,差額; 變化; 分歧
the quality or state of being dissimilar or different
The two communities are learning how to resolve their differences.
這兩個社群正在學著如何解決彼此之間的分歧。

intermediate

55
adj.中間的,中級的n.中間物,中間分子,中間人
being or occurring at the middle place, stage, or degree or between extremes
You should consider breaking the journey with intermediate stopovers at airport hotels.
你應該考慮將旅程分為幾段,中途在機場旅館稍作停留。

discovered

56
v.發現( discover的過去式和過去分詞 ); 碰見; 撞見; 瞭解到
to make known or visible : expose
He succeeded with the aid of a completely new method he discovered.
藉助於自己發現的一種全新的方法,他獲得瞭成功。

directly

57
adv.直接地; 恰好; 立即; 坦率地conj. 一…就…
in a direct manner
The second rainbow will be bigger than the first, and directly above it...
第二道彩虹將比第一道還要大,而且正好位於其上。

catalyzed

58
v.催化,促進( catalyze的過去式和過去分詞 )
to bring about the catalysis of (a chemical reaction)
It had been known for some time that chemical reactions can be catalyzed by materials with large surface areas.
人們早已知道,如果材料的錶麵積足夠大,可引起催化反應。

regarding

59
prep.關於; 就…而論; 至於v.regard的現在分詞
with respect to : concerning
He refused to divulge any information regarding the man's whereabouts.
關於那個人的行蹤他拒絕透露任何信息。

catalysis

60
n.催化作用
a modification and especially increase in the rate of a chemical reaction induced by material unchanged chemically at the end of the reaction
In specific acid catalysis, the undissociated acids do not contribute.
在特殊的酸催化中, 不離解的酸不起作用.

distributed

61
adj.分布式的v.分配( distribute的過去式和過去分詞); 散發; 分銷; [常用被動語態]將…分類(into)
characterized by a statistical distribution of a particular kind
Alms were distributed to those in need.
救濟品被分發給睏難人群。

catalyst

62
n.<化>觸媒,催化劑; 〈比喻〉觸發因素; 促進因素; 〈口〉有感染力的人
a substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate or under different conditions (as at a lower temperature) than otherwise possible
Innovation often serves as a catalyst for progress in technology.
創新常常是推動技術進步的動力。

dissolved

63
adj.溶化的v.溶解( dissolve的過去式和過去分詞 ); 結束; 消除; 以化學手段)除去
to cause to disperse or disappear : destroy
The present assembly will be dissolved on April 30th.
現在的議會將於4月30日解散。

diseases

64
n.疾病( disease的名詞復數 ); 弊端; 惡疾; 痼疾
a condition of the living animal or plant body or of one of its parts that impairs normal functioning and is typically manifested by distinguishing signs and symptoms : sickness, malady
Infectious diseases are spreading among many of the flood victims.
傳染病正在遭受洪災的很多災民中蔓延。

polypeptide

65
n.多肽; 縮多氨酸
a molecular chain of amino acids
Proteins are complex macromolecules made up of one of more polypeptide chains.
蛋白質是復雜的大分子,由一條或幾條多肽鏈組成.

histidine

66
n.組氨酸,組織氨基酸
a crystalline essential amino acid C6H9N3O2 formed by the hydrolysis of most proteins
Histidine A basic amino acid formed only rarely in proteins.
組氨酸:是蛋白質中少有的一種堿性氨基酸.

generate

67
vt.形成,造成; 産生物理反應; 産生(後代); 引起
to bring into existence: such as
The Employment Minister said the reforms would generate new jobs.
勞工大臣錶示,改革將帶來新的就業機會。

autocatalysis

68
n.自身催化
catalysis of a reaction by one of its products
Asymmetric autocatalysis with chirality amplification has been made the new concept in chirality origin.
不對稱自催化反應結閤手性放大作用,使人們對手性起源有瞭新的認識.

thermodynamically

69
熱力學地
of or relating to thermodynamics
Ammonia and hydrogen cyanide are both thermodynamically favored species.
氨水和氰化氫是熱力學穩定的兩種物質.

hydrogen

70
n.<化>氫
a nonmetallic gaseous chemical element with atomic number 1 that is the simplest and lightest of the elements and that is used especially in the processing of fossil fuels and the synthesis of ammonia —often used before another noun
Hydrogen is used extensively in industry for the production of ammonia.
氫氣在工業上廣泛用於製氨。

diminishing

71
adj.逐漸縮小的v.(使)減少,縮小( diminish的現在分詞 ); 減弱…的權勢
to make less or cause to appear less
Universities are facing grave problems because of diminishing resources.
由於資源的減少,大學正麵臨嚴峻的問題。

effector

72
n.受動器; 感受器
one that causes or brings about something
The effector plays an important role in the nervous system.
效應器在神經係統中發揮重要的作用.

biologists

73
n.生物學傢( biologist的名詞復數 )
a branch of knowledge that deals with living organisms and vital processes
This substance has now been cloned by molecular biologists.
該物質現在已被分子生物學傢剋隆。

susceptible

74
adj.易受影響的; 易受感染的; 善感的; 可以接受或允許的
capable of submitting to an action, process, or operation
Walking with weights makes the shoulders very susceptible to injury.
負重行走時肩膀很容易受傷。

commission

75
v.正式委托; 任命…為軍官n.委員會; 傭金,手續費; 正式委托; 犯(罪)
a formal written warrant granting the power to perform various acts or duties
The operator expects the ship to be out of commission until the end of September.
技工預計這艘船到9月底纔能修好。

environment

76
n.生活環境; 自然環境,生態環境
the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded : the factors and influences that affect the growth, health, progress, functioning, etc., of someone or something
Pupils in our schools are taught in a safe, secure environment...
我們學校的學生在安全無慮的環境中接受教育。

chemical

77
adj.化學的; 化學反應的; 用化學方法生成的n.化學品; 化閤物
of, relating to, used in, or produced by chemistry or the phenomena of chemistry
Chemically modified food additives are widely used in processed foods.
經過化學改性的食品添加劑在加工食品中廣泛使用。

folding

78
adj.可摺疊的v.摺疊,對摺交疊( fold的現在分詞 ); 包圍; 包起; 籠罩
capable of being folded into a more compact shape
a folding table
摺疊桌

readily

79
adv.樂意地; 快捷地; 輕而易舉地; 便利地; 容易地
in a ready manner: such as
I asked her if she would allow me to interview her, and she readily agreed...
我問她是否允許我采訪她,她欣然同意瞭。

denaturation

80
n.改變本性,變性
dehumanize
This change is considered to be due to denaturation of the enzyme.
據認為這種變化是由於酶的變性作用造成的.

function

81
n.功能; 函數; 因變量; 宴會v.工作; 發揮功能
professional or official position : occupation
The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally...
當局稱監獄現在運轉正常。

reactivity

82
n.反應性; 反應,反動
the quality or state of being reactive
This paper discussed the effect of relaxation training on cardiovascular reactivity and mental arithmetic achievement.
本實驗目的在於探討放鬆訓練對正常狀態和心算應激時心率、T波幅度的影響.

fraction

83
n.[數]分數; 一小部分,些微; 不相連的一塊,片段; [化]分餾
a numerical representation (such as 3/4, 5/8, or 3.234) indicating the quotient of two numbers
She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding...
她在迴答之前猶豫瞭一下。

cooperative

84
adj.閤作的,協作的; 配閤的n.閤作社,閤作機構
marked by cooperation
Collaborative learning is crucial to successful team projects.
協作學習對於成功的團隊項目至關重要。

reaction

85
n.反應(能力); 不良反應; 化學反應; 抗拒,反對
the act or process or an instance of reacting
Reaction to the visit is mixed...
對這次訪問的反應不一。

enormous

86
adj.巨大的; 極大的
marked by extraordinarily great size, number, or degree; especially : exceeding usual bounds or accepted notions
...his enormous capacity for brutality.
他的窮凶極惡

enzymes

87
n.<生化>酶( enzyme的名詞復數 )
any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures
It was said that washing powders containing enzymes remove stains more efficiently.
據說加酶洗衣粉除汙更有效.

bonding

88
n.黏結; 連[搭,焊,膠,粘]接,結[耦,焊,接]閤,壓焊; 磚石砌體砌閤; 人與人之間的關係; 原子的結閤
the formation of a close relationship (as between a mother and child or between a person and an animal) especially through frequent or constant association
Child-parent bonding is essential for emotional development.
親子間的感情紐帶對情感發展至關重要。

saturation

89
n.(達到)飽和狀態; 飽和度; 浸透,浸潤; 飽和劑
the act of saturating : the state of being saturated
Reforms have led to the saturation of the market with goods...
改革已經使得市場上商品飽和。

disrupt

90
v.擾亂,使中斷
to break apart : rupture
Anti-war protesters disrupted the debate.
反戰示威者們打斷瞭辯論。

sensitive

91
adj.體貼的; 藝術感覺好的; 易生氣的; 敏感的; 過敏的; 靈敏的; 棘手的; 須妥善保管的
sensory
The classroom teacher must be sensitive to a child's needs...
班主任必須對小學生的需求體察入微。

transferase

92
n.轉移酶
an enzyme that promotes transfer of a group from one molecule to another
The reaction is catalysed by a transaminase or an amino transferase ( the terms are synonymous ).
反應是由轉氨酶或氨基轉移酶? ( 同義名詞 ) 催化的.

functional

93
adj.功能的; [數]函數的; 有多種用途的; 機能性
of, connected with, or being a function
We have fully functional smoke alarms on all staircases.
我們在各層樓梯都安裝有完全可用的煙霧警報器。

protein

94
n.[化]朊,蛋白(質)
any of various naturally occurring extremely complex substances that consist of amino-acid residues joined by peptide bonds, contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, usually sulfur, and occasionally other elements (such as phosphorus or iron), and include many essential biological compounds (such as enzymes, hormones, or antibodies)
Fish was a major source of protein for the working man.
魚肉曾是勞動者的主要蛋白質來源。