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📖 Chapter10 - Biolex 學習卡片

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diffusion

1
中文翻譯
n.擴散，傳播; 漫射
英文釋義
the state of being spread out or transmitted especially by contact : the action of diffusing
例句 Example
There are data on the rates of diffusion of molecules.
有關於分子擴散速度的數據。

respiration

2
中文翻譯
n.呼吸，一次呼吸; （植物的）呼吸; 一息
英文釋義
the movement of air or dissolved gases into and out of the lungs
例句 Example
His respiration grew fainter throughout the day.
一天當中，他的呼吸越來越微弱。

gradient

3
中文翻譯
n.[物]梯度，陡度; （溫度、氣壓等）變化率，梯度變化麯綫; <英>（道路的）傾斜度，坡度
英文釋義
the rate of regular or graded ascent or descent : inclination
例句 Example
The courses are long and punishing, with steep gradients.
這些賽道既長又有陡坡，極具挑戰性。

peroxisome

4
中文翻譯
n.過氧物酶體
英文釋義
a cytoplasmic cell organelle containing enzymes (such as catalase) which act in oxidative reactions and especially in the production and decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
例句 Example
Hormones and nutritional factor can regulate peroxisome proliferation response.
持續的過氧化物酶體增殖可導緻肝癌.

mitochondria

5
中文翻譯
n.<生>綫粒體; 綫粒體( mitochondrion的名詞復數 )
英文釋義
any of various round or long cellular organelles of most eukaryotes that are found outside the nucleus, produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes
例句 Example
The oxaloacetate level in the mitochondria is determined by the redox state.
綫粒體中草酰乙酸水平又取決於氧化還原狀態.

glycolysis

6
中文翻譯
n.糖酵解
英文釋義
the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate (such as glucose) by way of phosphate derivatives with the production of pyruvic or lactic acid and energy stored in high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP
例句 Example
The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called glycolysis.
厭氧分解葡萄糖稱為酵解.

coenzyme

7
中文翻譯
n.輔酶
英文釋義
a thermostable nonprotein compound that forms the active portion of an enzyme system after combination with an apoenzyme
例句 Example
Ingredient: Plant coenzyme Q 10, JIAYING reductase polypeptide, licorice extract.
成份: 植物輔酶Q10, JIAYING多肽還原酶, 甘草提取物.

reduction

8
中文翻譯
n.減少; 降低; 摺扣; 還原; 縮圖
英文釋義
the act or process of reducing : the state of being reduced
例句 Example
...a future reduction in UK interest rates...
未來英國利率的下調

allosteric

9
中文翻譯
adj.變構（象）的; 酶變構
英文釋義
of, relating to, undergoing, or being a change in the shape and activity of a protein (such as an enzyme) that results from combination with another substance at a point other than the chemically active site
例句 Example
Proteins which have two separate but interacting sites are called allosteric proteins.
這種具有兩個不同而又相互作用位置的蛋白質叫做變構蛋白質.

enzyme

10
中文翻譯
n.[生化]酶
英文釋義
any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures
例句 Example
Tampering with a single enzyme can lead to untoward effects elsewhere.
破壞一種酶可能會導緻在彆處齣現異常。

oxidation

11
中文翻譯
n.氧化
英文釋義
the act or process of oxidizing
例句 Example
Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.
碳化閤物氧化後必然會産生二氧化碳。

phosphorylation

12
中文翻譯
n.磷酸化（作用）
英文釋義
the process of phosphorylating a chemical compound either by reaction with inorganic phosphate or by transfer of phosphate from another organic phosphate; especially : the enzymatic conversion of carbohydrates into their phosphoric esters in metabolic processes
例句 Example
The tyrosine phosphorylation of leptin receptor was revealed by immuno precipitation.
應用免疫沉澱法檢測瘦素受體的酪氨酸磷酸化程度.

fermentation

13
中文翻譯
n.發酵; 激動，紛擾
英文釋義
the enzyme-catalyzed anaerobic breakdown of an energy-rich compound (such as a carbohydrate to carbon dioxide and alcohol or to an organic acid) by the action of microorganisms (such as bacteria or yeast) that occurs naturally and is commonly used in the production of various products (such as food, alcoholic beverages, and pharmaceuticals) especially by controlling microbial enzymatic activity; broadly : any of various enzyme-catalyzed aerobic or anaerobic processes (such as oxidation) involving transformation of organic compounds
例句 Example
It acts as a catalyst in the process of fermentation.
它在發酵過程中起觸媒的作用.

vesicle

14
中文翻譯
n.囊，泡，小泡; [醫]痘; 水皰
英文釋義
a membranous and usually fluid-filled pouch (such as a cyst, vacuole, or cell) in a plant or animal
例句 Example
In contrast to the process of vesicle formation, vesicle micelles appears to be a rapid process.
而相對於囊泡的形成, 囊泡的破壞過程是十分迅速的.

unidirectional

15
中文翻譯
adj.單嚮的，單嚮性的
英文釋義
involving, functioning, moving, or responsive in a single direction
例句 Example
Biolar shift registers are classified as unidirectional and bidirectional.
雙極型移位寄存器可分為單嚮和雙嚮兩種.

catalytic

16
中文翻譯
adj.接觸反應的; 起催化作用的n.催化劑; 刺激因素
英文釋義
causing, involving, or relating to catalysis
例句 Example
The first catalytic converters were called conventional oxidation catalysts.
最初的轉化器叫做常規氧化催化器.

analogous

17
中文翻譯
adj.相似的; 可比擬的
英文釋義
similar or comparable to something else either in general or in some specific detail : similar in a way that invites comparison : showing an analogy or a likeness that permits one to draw an analogy
例句 Example
The connection between dreams and reality is sometimes considered analogous to a bridge between two worlds.
夢境與現實之間的聯係有時被認為類似於兩個世界之間的橋梁。

distinctive

18
中文翻譯
adj.獨特的，特彆的，有特色的
英文釋義
marking as separate or different : serving to distinguish
例句 Example
...a distinctive blue and yellow flag...
特殊的藍黃旗

cellular

19
中文翻譯
adj.細胞的; 由細胞組成的; 多孔的; 蜂窩狀
英文釋義
of, relating to, or consisting of cells
例句 Example
Cellular networks provide reliable communication in urban areas.
蜂窩網絡在城市地區提供可靠的通信。

translocation

20
中文翻譯
n.遷移，移動，置換; 易位; 輸導作用
英文釋義
the act, process, or an instance of changing location or position: such as
例句 Example
The transport of materials in plants is called translocation.
植物中物質的輸送稱為運輸作用.

catabolic

21
中文翻譯
adj.分解代謝的，異化的
英文釋義
marked by or promoting metabolic activity concerned with the breakdown of complex molecules (such as proteins or lipids) and the release of energy within the organism : relating to, characterized by, or stimulating catabolism
例句 Example
It inhibits lysosomal enzymes in the catabolic phase of inflammation.
它能抑製參與炎癥分解代謝的酶.

protease

22
中文翻譯
n.蛋白酶
英文釋義
any of numerous enzymes that hydrolyze proteins and are classified according to the most prominent functional group (such as serine or cysteine) at the active site —called also proteinase
例句 Example
A protease is key to the replication of the virus.
蛋白酶是阻止非典病毒變異的關鍵物質.

dehydrogenase

23
中文翻譯
n.脫氫酶
英文釋義
an enzyme that accelerates the removal of hydrogen from metabolites and its transfer to other substances
例句 Example
Both prephenate dehydrogenase and prephenate dehydratase have been isolated from plants.
預苯酸脫氫酶和預苯酸脫水酶都已從植物中分離齣來.

hexagonal

24
中文翻譯
adj.六角形的，六邊形的; 六方
英文釋義
having six angles and six sides
例句 Example
Each strand is fabricated of parallel wires bunched in a hexagonal shape.
每根鋼束由平行鋼絲捆紮成六邊形.

centrifugation

25
中文翻譯
n.離心法，離心過濾
英文釋義
the process of centrifuging
例句 Example
The latex concentration is raised by evaporation or centrifugation.
通過揮發或離心作用提高膠乳的濃度.

addition

26
中文翻譯
n.加法; 增加; 添加物
英文釋義
a part added (as to a building or residential section)
例句 Example
students practicing addition and multiplication
練習加減乘除的學生

directional

27
中文翻譯
adj.方嚮的; 定嚮
英文釋義
of, relating to, or indicating direction in space:
例句 Example
Jets of compressed air gave the aircraft lateral and directional stability.
壓縮空氣的噴吐使飛機的左右和前後都能保持穩定。

glycolytic

28
中文翻譯
adj.糖分解的
英文釋義
the enzymatic breakdown of a carbohydrate (such as glucose) by way of phosphate derivatives with the production of pyruvic or lactic acid and energy stored in high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP
例句 Example
Warburg effect is that cancer cells exhibit an increased dependence on glycolytic pathway for ATP generation.
“瓦博格效應”即指腫瘤細胞對糖酵解通路産能依賴增強的現象.

mitochondrial

29
中文翻譯
綫粒體的
英文釋義
any of various round or long cellular organelles of most eukaryotes that are found outside the nucleus, produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes
例句 Example
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause a wide range of disorders.
綫粒體DNA突變,可以引發多種病變.

internal

30
中文翻譯
adj.內部的; 體內的; 國內的; 內心的
英文釋義
existing or situated within the limits or surface of something: such as
例句 Example
The country stepped up internal security...
該國加強瞭國內安保。

metabolism

31
中文翻譯
n.新陳代謝; 代謝作用
英文釋義
the sum of the processes in the buildup and destruction of protoplasm; specifically : the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated
例句 Example
The method may be used to investigate the nucleic acid metabolism of lambs.
證明可利用此方法來研究羊的核酸代謝規律.

external

32
中文翻譯
n.外麵，外部adj.外麵的，外部的; 外來的; 與外國有關的
英文釋義
capable of being perceived outwardly
例句 Example
...a much reduced heat loss through external walls.
大幅降低的外牆熱損失

catabolism

33
中文翻譯
n.異化作用，分解代謝; 陳謝
英文釋義
degradative metabolism involving the release of energy and resulting in the breakdown of complex materials (such as proteins or lipids) within the organism
例句 Example
Objective : To investigate the effect of morphine on purine nucleotide catabolism and the mechanism.
目的: 研究嗎啡依賴及戒斷對嘌呤核苷酸分解代謝的影響與作用機製.

regeneration

34
中文翻譯
n.<生>再生; 恢復; <宗>（靈魂的）重生; <電子>正反饋
英文釋義
an act or the process of regenerating : the state of being regenerated
例句 Example
Vitamin B assists in red-blood-cell regeneration.
維生素B可以促進紅細胞再生。

thermodynamic

35
中文翻譯
adj.熱力學的，使用熱動力的
英文釋義
of or relating to thermodynamics
例句 Example
To maintain clarity and simplicity, we leave all thermodynamic considerations aside.
為瞭作到簡單明白, 我們暫不考慮熱力學問題.

additional

36
中文翻譯
adj.附加的，添加的
英文釋義
more than is usual or expected : added
例句 Example
The US is sending additional troops to the region...
美國正嚮該地區增兵。

decarboxylation

37
中文翻譯
n.去碳酸基
英文釋義
the removal or elimination of carboxyl from a molecule
例句 Example
It was originally obtained by decarboxylation of benzoic acid.
它最先是由苯甲酸脫羧而得到的.

generation

38
中文翻譯
n.一代人; 一代; 一批; 産生adj.第…代的
英文釋義
a body of living beings constituting a single step in the line of descent from an ancestor
例句 Example
...the younger generation of Party members...
年輕一代的黨員

bimetallic

39
中文翻譯
adj.二金屬的，復本位製的
英文釋義
relating to, based on, or using bimetallism
例句 Example
A bimetallic strip bends when heated.
加熱時,雙金屬長條變彎.

metabolic

40
中文翻譯
adj.新陳代謝的; 變化的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or based on metabolism
例句 Example
...people who have inherited a low metabolic rate.
因遺傳而新陳代謝速度慢的人

digestion

41
中文翻譯
n.消化（係統）
英文釋義
the action, process, or power of digesting: such as
例句 Example
No liquids are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.
上飯菜時不要同時上湯水或飲品，因為這會影響消化。

anaerobic

42
中文翻譯
adj.厭氧菌的，厭氧菌産生的; （細菌等）能在無空氣（或無氧）情況下生活（或成長）的; 無氧
英文釋義
living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen
例句 Example
Anaerobic organisms thrive in oxygen-free environments.
厭氧生物在無氧環境中繁衍生息。

electrical

43
中文翻譯
adj.用電的; 供電的; 電能的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or operated by electricity
例句 Example
...shipments of electrical equipment.
電氣設備的裝運

anabolic

44
中文翻譯
adj.閤成代謝的
英文釋義
marked by or promoting metabolic activity concerned with the biosynthesis of complex molecules (such as proteins or nucleic acids) : relating to, characterized by, or stimulating anabolism
例句 Example
He was stripped of his Olympic title after testing positive for anabolic steroids.
在促蛋白閤成類固醇檢測呈陽性後，他被取消瞭奧林匹剋冠軍頭銜。

synthetase

45
中文翻譯
n.閤成酶
英文釋義
an enzyme that catalyzes the linking together of two molecules usually using the energy derived from the concurrent splitting off of a pyrophosphate group from a triphosphate (such as ATP) —called also ligase
例句 Example
This complex reaction is catalyzed by anthranilate synthetase.
這個復閤反應是被鄰氨基苯甲酸閤成酶催化的.

individual

46
中文翻譯
adj.單獨的; 個人的; 獨特的n.個人; 某種類型的人
英文釋義
of, relating to, or distinctively associated with an individual
例句 Example
They wait for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions...
他們等待團體作決定而不是各自作齣決定。

hydrolysis

47
中文翻譯
n.水解
英文釋義
a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water
例句 Example
After the research the condition the optimum technique of hydrolysis was found.
並且考察瞭五倍子的水解條件,篩選齣較為理想的水解工藝.

citric

48
中文翻譯
adj.檸檬的，采自檸檬的
英文釋義
a tricarboxylic acid C6H8O7 occurring in cellular metabolism, obtained especially from lemon and lime juices or by fermentation of sugars, and used chiefly as a flavoring
例句 Example
Citric acid can be extracted from the juice of oranges, lemons, limes or grapefruit.
檸檬酸可以從橙汁、檸檬汁、酸橙汁或者柚子汁中提取。

substrate

49
中文翻譯
n.底物; 底層; 基底; 基層
英文釋義
substratum
例句 Example
The proposed moisture - permeable and water - proof rubberized fabric consists of coating, substrate and textile.
所研製的透濕防水膠布的結構組成為覆蓋膠層 、 底塗膠層和紡織物層.

organelle

50
中文翻譯
n.<生>細胞器
英文釋義
a specialized cellular part (such as a mitochondrion, chloroplast, or nucleus) that has a specific function and is considered analogous to an organ
例句 Example
There are numerous amoeboid nuclei suspended in the organelle - rich cytoplasm.
在富含細胞器的細胞質中,有許多變形核.

transport

51
中文翻譯
n.交通工具; 交通運輸係統; 運輸; 運輸工具; 激情v.運輸; 傳播; 使身處他境; 流放
英文釋義
to transfer or convey from one place to another
例句 Example
Have you got your own transport?...
你有自己的交通工具嗎？

pathway

52
中文翻譯
n.路，道; 途徑，路徑
英文釋義
path, course
例句 Example
Richard was coming up the pathway.
理查德正沿著小路走過來。

superoxide

53
中文翻譯
n.過氧化物，超氧化物
英文釋義
the monovalent anion O2— or a compound containing it
例句 Example
Objective : To evaluate the effect of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) on chronic actinic dermatitis ( CAD ).
目的: 探討超氧化物歧化酶 ( SOD ) 在慢性光化皮炎 ( CAD ) 中的作用.

gradients

54
中文翻譯
n.道路的斜度( gradient的名詞復數 ); 坡度; 變化程度; （溫度、壓力等的）變化率
英文釋義
the rate of regular or graded ascent or descent : inclination
例句 Example
The courses are long and punishing, with steep gradients.
這些賽道既長又有陡坡，極具挑戰性。

cytochromes

55
中文翻譯
[醫]細胞色素類
英文釋義
any of several intracellular hemoprotein respiratory pigments that are enzymes functioning in electron transport as carriers of electrons
例句 Example
Cytochromes can be detected by their spectral characteristics.
細胞色素可通過其光譜特性檢測.

diffuses

56
中文翻譯
v.（使光）模糊，漫射，漫散( diffuse的第三人稱單數 ); （使）擴散; （使）彌漫; （使）傳播
英文釋義
to pour out and permit or cause to spread freely
例句 Example
A gas in solution diffuses from region of greater to one of less concentration.
溶液中的氣體由濃度較高的區域嚮濃度較低的區域擴散.

mitochondrion

57
中文翻譯
n.綫粒體
英文釋義
any of various round or long cellular organelles of most eukaryotes that are found outside the nucleus, produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes
例句 Example
The mitochondrion is a machine within the cell that does the chemistry of breathing.
綫粒體是細胞內進行呼吸化學的一部機器.

disrupting

58
中文翻譯
v.使混亂，擾亂( disrupt的現在分詞 )
英文釋義
to break apart : rupture
例句 Example
But global warming is melting the polar ice caps and disrupting this flow.
但是全球變暖正在融化極地的冰川而這乾擾瞭這個洋流.

discrete

59
中文翻譯
adj.分離的，不相關聯的; 分立式; 非連續
英文釋義
constituting a separate entity : individually distinct
例句 Example
...instruction manuals that break down jobs into scores of discrete steps.
把工作分解成許多獨立步驟的指導手冊

cytochrome

60
中文翻譯
n.細胞色素
英文釋義
any of several intracellular hemoprotein respiratory pigments that are enzymes functioning in electron transport as carriers of electrons
例句 Example
Cytochrome P 450 enzymes are very important for metabolism function in body.
細胞色素P450酶是體內代謝轉換的重要酶係.

coenzymes

61
中文翻譯
n.[生化] 輔酶（coenzyme的復數）
英文釋義
a thermostable nonprotein compound that forms the active portion of an enzyme system after combination with an apoenzyme
例句 Example
These four vitamins act in coenzymes.
這四種維生素在輔酶中起作用.

nonprotein

62
中文翻譯
n.非蛋白質，不含蛋白質的物質adj.不含蛋白質的
英文釋義
not being or derived from protein
例句 Example
Many enzymes will not work without the presence of an additional nonprotein substance called a cofactor.
許多酶如不外加一種叫做輔助因子的非蛋白質物質就不能工作.

glycerol

63
中文翻譯
n.甘油，丙三醇; 醋精
英文釋義
a sweet syrupy hygroscopic trihydroxy alcohol C3H8O3 usually obtained by the saponification of fats
例句 Example
Glycerol is a constituent of all fats and phospholipids.
甘油是所有脂肪和磷脂的組成部分.

conditions

64
中文翻譯
n.（居住、工作或做事情的）環境; （影響某事發生的）物質環境; <保險>承保險彆; 條件( condition的名詞復數 ); 狀況; 健康狀況; 環境
英文釋義
a premise upon which the fulfillment of an agreement depends : stipulation
例句 Example
More people would be attracted to cycling if conditions were right.
如果天氣適宜，會有更多的人被吸引到騎自行車的行列中來。

generated

65
中文翻譯
adj.發電的v.生（兒、女）( generate的過去式和過去分詞 ); （通過物理或化學過程）發生; 生成; 引起
英文釋義
to bring into existence: such as
例句 Example
The demand generated by one factory required the construction of another.
一傢工廠産生的需求使得必須再建造一傢工廠。

distinct

66
中文翻譯
adj.不同的; 清楚的，明顯的; 確切的
英文釋義
distinguishable to the eye or mind as being discrete or not the same : separate
例句 Example
Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude...
由於托尼不在場瞭，她的態度有瞭明顯的轉變。

intermediates

67
中文翻譯
n.中級學生( intermediate的名詞復數 ); 調解人，中間人
英文釋義
intervene, interpose
例句 Example
The ski school coaches beginners, intermediates, and advanced skiers.
滑雪學校訓練指導初學者及中級與高級滑雪者。

dinucleotide

68
中文翻譯
n.二核苷酸
英文釋義
a nucleotide consisting of two units each composed of a phosphate, a pentose, and a nitrogen base
例句 Example
Dinucleotide A compound of two nucleotides linked by their phosphate groups.
二核苷酸:由磷酸基團連接的兩個核苷酸組成的化閤物.

mononucleotide

69
中文翻譯
n.單核苷酸
英文釋義
a nucleotide that is derived from one molecule each of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphoric acid
例句 Example
FMN ( flavin mononucleotide ) A derivative of riboflavin that is a coenzyme in electron - transfer reactions.
黃素單核苷酸 ( FMN ):核黃素的衍生物,在電子傳遞反應中是一種輔酶,作為多種脫氫酶的輔助因子起作用.

alternate

70
中文翻譯
v.（使）交替，輪流adj.交替的; 間隔的; 備用的n.代替者，候補者; 代理人
英文釋義
occurring or succeeding by turns
例句 Example
She walked with alternate steps, sometimes fast and sometimes slow.
她走著交替的步伐，時快時慢。

synthesize

71
中文翻譯
vt.綜閤; 人工閤成; （通過化學手段或生物過程）閤成; （音響）閤成vi.閤成; 綜閤
英文釋義
to combine or produce by synthesis
例句 Example
After extensive research, Albert Hoffman first succeeded in synthesizing the acid in 1938...
經過大量研究，艾伯特·霍夫曼於 1938 年首次成功閤成瞭該酸性物質。

polypeptides

72
中文翻譯
n.[生化] 多肽
英文釋義
a molecular chain of amino acids
例句 Example
Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptides.
蛋白質是由一條或多條多肽鏈組成.

depending

73
中文翻譯
v.依靠( depend的現在分詞 ); 依賴; 信賴; 決定於
英文釋義
to be determined, based, or contingent
例句 Example
Prices range from $119 to $199, depending on the particular configuration.
價格因具體配置而異，從119美元至199美元不等。

synthesizing

74
中文翻譯
v.綜閤( synthesize的現在分詞 ); 人工閤成; （通過化學手段或生物過程）閤成; （音響）閤成
英文釋義
to combine or produce by synthesis
例句 Example
After extensive research, Albert Hoffman first succeeded in synthesizing the acid in 1938.
經過大量研究，艾伯特·霍夫曼於1938年首次成功閤成瞭該酸性物質。

generates

75
中文翻譯
v.生（兒、女）( generate的第三人稱單數 ); （通過物理或化學過程）發生; 生成; 引起
英文釋義
to bring into existence: such as
例句 Example
This new boiler generates more heat than the old one.
這個新鍋爐産生的熱量比舊鍋爐多.

synthesized

76
中文翻譯
v.綜閤( synthesize的過去式和過去分詞 ); 人工閤成; （通過化學手段或生物過程）閤成; （音響）閤成
英文釋義
to combine or produce by synthesis
例句 Example
A vitamin is a chemical compound that cannot be synthesized by the human body.
維生素是一種人體無法閤成的化閤物。

understanding

77
中文翻譯
n.瞭解; 理解; 互相理解; 協議; 領會adj.善解人意的
英文釋義
a mental grasp : comprehension
例句 Example
They have to have a basic understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology.
要想利用先進技術，他們必須先對計算機有個基本的瞭解。

disrupted

78
中文翻譯
v.使混亂，擾亂( disrupt的過去式和過去分詞 )
英文釋義
to break apart : rupture
例句 Example
Speakers have been shouted down, classes disrupted, teachers made to grovel.
發言人的聲音被叫嚷聲蓋住瞭，課堂一片混亂，老師們不得不好言相勸。

catalyze

79
中文翻譯
vt.催化，促進
英文釋義
to bring about the catalysis of (a chemical reaction)
例句 Example
Any unexpected circumstance that arises may catalyze a sudden escalation of violence.
任何突如其來的情況都可能造成暴力驟然升級。

difference

80
中文翻譯
n.差彆，差額; 變化; 分歧
英文釋義
the quality or state of being dissimilar or different
例句 Example
The two communities are learning how to resolve their differences.
這兩個社群正在學著如何解決彼此之間的分歧。

vesicles

81
中文翻譯
[醫]小囊泡
英文釋義
a membranous and usually fluid-filled pouch (such as a cyst, vacuole, or cell) in a plant or animal
例句 Example
In order to fuse, intracellular vesicles have to move within the cell.
為瞭融閤, 細胞內的囊泡必須在細胞內運動.

intermediate

82
中文翻譯
adj.中間的，中級的n.中間物，中間分子，中間人
英文釋義
being or occurring at the middle place, stage, or degree or between extremes
例句 Example
You should consider breaking the journey with intermediate stopovers at airport hotels.
你應該考慮將旅程分為幾段,中途在機場旅館稍作停留。

oxidized

83
中文翻譯
v.（使某物）氧化，（使某物）生銹( oxidize的過去式和過去分詞 )
英文釋義
to combine with oxygen
例句 Example
Oxidized cholesterol may be responsible for furring up the arteries.
氧化膽固醇可能是造成動脈堵塞的元凶。

membrane

84
中文翻譯
n.（動物或植物體內的）薄膜; 隔膜; （可起防水、防風等作用的）膜狀物
英文釋義
a thin soft pliable sheet or layer especially of animal or plant origin
例句 Example
Similarly, if the seal gap increases, then the membrane will reduce the force.
同樣, 如果密封間隙增大, 那麼液膜內的力就會減小.

regenerated

85
中文翻譯
v.新生，再生( regenerate的過去式和過去分詞 )
英文釋義
to become formed again
例句 Example
They are regarded as being enveloped in regenerated gneisses.
它們被認為包圍在再生的片麻岩之中.