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📖 Chapter13 - Biolex 學習卡片

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cytokinesis

1
中文翻譯
n.細胞漿移動，原漿移動
英文釋義
the cytoplasmic changes accompanying mitosis
例句 Example
Cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm after nuclear division ( mitosis or meiosis ).
胞質分裂:隨著核 ( 有絲分裂和減數分裂 ) 分裂之後的細胞質的分裂.

cytoskeleton

2
中文翻譯
n.細胞骨架
英文釋義
the network of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm that controls cell shape, maintains intracellular organization, and is involved in cell movement
例句 Example
A large portion of the cytoskeleton consists of threadlike microfilaments composed mainly of the contractile actin.
細胞骨架大部分由微絲組成,微絲主要由可收縮的肌動蛋白組成.

mitosis

3
中文翻譯
n.有絲分裂，間接核分裂
英文釋義
a process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves typically a series of steps consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
例句 Example
An irregular mitosis is seen in the center.
中央可見病理性核分裂象.

vesicle

4
中文翻譯
n.囊，泡，小泡; [醫]痘; 水皰
英文釋義
a membranous and usually fluid-filled pouch (such as a cyst, vacuole, or cell) in a plant or animal
例句 Example
In contrast to the process of vesicle formation, vesicle micelles appears to be a rapid process.
而相對於囊泡的形成, 囊泡的破壞過程是十分迅速的.

cytoskeletal

5
中文翻譯
[醫]細胞支架的
英文釋義
the network of protein filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm that controls cell shape, maintains intracellular organization, and is involved in cell movement
例句 Example
Cytoskeletal intermediate filaments appear to impart tensile strength to the cell cytoplasm.
細胞骨架的中間絲提供瞭細胞質伸縮動力.

distinctive

6
中文翻譯
adj.獨特的，特彆的，有特色的
英文釋義
marking as separate or different : serving to distinguish
例句 Example
...a distinctive blue and yellow flag...
特殊的藍黃旗

catastrophic

7
中文翻譯
adj.災難性的; 糟糕的
英文釋義
a momentous tragic event ranging from extreme misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin
例句 Example
His mother's untimely death had a catastrophic effect on him.
他母親的早逝給瞭他沉重的打擊。

cellular

8
中文翻譯
adj.細胞的; 由細胞組成的; 多孔的; 蜂窩狀
英文釋義
of, relating to, or consisting of cells
例句 Example
Cellular networks provide reliable communication in urban areas.
蜂窩網絡在城市地區提供可靠的通信。

cytoplasmic

9
中文翻譯
adj.細胞質的
英文釋義
the organized complex of inorganic and organic substances external to the nuclear membrane of a cell and including the cytosol and membrane-bound organelles (such as mitochondria or chloroplasts)
例句 Example
Turnover of cytoplasmic constituents involves both synthetic and lytic processes.
細胞質組分的周轉既包括閤成也包括分解過程.

longitudinal

10
中文翻譯
adj.經度的; 縱嚮的; 縱的; 縱觀的
英文釋義
placed or running lengthwise
例句 Example
The river's surface is marked with faint blue longitudinal ripples.
河麵上泛著淡淡的藍色縱嚮波紋。

nucleation

11
中文翻譯
n.成核現象，晶核形成
英文釋義
to form into a nucleus : cluster
例句 Example
What determines a particle's potential for nucleation is its " critical supersaturation ".
粒子的 “ 臨界過飽和 ” 決定瞭它的成核潛力.

addition

12
中文翻譯
n.加法; 增加; 添加物
英文釋義
a part added (as to a building or residential section)
例句 Example
students practicing addition and multiplication
練習加減乘除的學生

intestinal

13
中文翻譯
adj.腸的; 腸壁; 腸道細菌
英文釋義
affecting, occurring, or living in the intestine
例句 Example
A few other conditions are in high intestinal obstruction.
其它少數情況是高位腸梗阻.

protrusion

14
中文翻譯
n.伸齣，突齣
英文釋義
something (such as an anatomical part or excrescence) that protrudes
例句 Example
He grabbed at a protrusion of rock with his right hand.
他用右手抓住瞭一塊凸起的岩石。

depolymerization

15
中文翻譯
n.解聚（閤）作用
英文釋義
to decompose (macromolecules) into simpler compounds (such as monomers)
例句 Example
This type of degradation is also called depolymerization.
這類降解也可稱作解聚閤.

division

16
中文翻譯
n.分開; 分配; 除法; 分歧; 部門; （軍隊）師; 分組錶決; （足球）級; 分界綫
英文釋義
the act or process of dividing : the state of being divided
例句 Example
the distribution of roles in the family
傢庭成員的角色分配

additional

17
中文翻譯
adj.附加的，添加的
英文釋義
more than is usual or expected : added
例句 Example
The US is sending additional troops to the region...
美國正嚮該地區增兵。

homologous

18
中文翻譯
adj.相應的; 類似的; 一緻的; 同源的
英文釋義
having the same relative position, value, or structure: such as
例句 Example
The bird's wing is homologous with the bat's wing.
鳥的翅膀與蝙蝠的翅膀同源。

monomeric

19
中文翻譯
adj.單節顯性的
英文釋義
a chemical compound that can undergo polymerization
例句 Example
Monomeric enzyme, oligomeric enzyme, multienzyme system and enzymatic molecular device are ideal model supramolecules.
單體酶 、 寡聚酶 、 多酶體係和酶分子機器是理想的天然模型超分子.

dendritic

20
中文翻譯
adj.樹枝狀的
英文釋義
resembling or having dendrites : branching like a tree
例句 Example
There are several modifications of the dendritic design.
樹枝狀圖樣有幾種變態.

dissociation

21
中文翻譯
n.分離; 離解; 脫離關係; 解體
英文釋義
the act or process of dissociating : the state of being dissociated: such as
例句 Example
The war between the sexes should not result in their complete dissociation from one another.
兩性之間的對抗不應造成兩者之間徹底的分裂。

polymerization

22
中文翻譯
n.聚閤; 多項式
英文釋義
a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units
例句 Example
Anhydride - type curing agents require the application of heat to promote polymerization.
酸酐類固化劑則要求加熱以促進聚閤反應.

individual

23
中文翻譯
adj.單獨的; 個人的; 獨特的n.個人; 某種類型的人
英文釋義
of, relating to, or distinctively associated with an individual
例句 Example
They wait for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions...
他們等待團體作決定而不是各自作齣決定。

centrosome

24
中文翻譯
n.（細胞的）中心體
英文釋義
centriole
例句 Example
IntroductionThe centrosome is the major microtubule organizing center ( MTOC ) of mammalian cells.
中心體是哺乳類細胞主要的微管組織中心.

flagellum

25
中文翻譯
n.鞭毛，鞭子，鞭狀匍匐枝
英文釋義
any of various elongated filiform appendages of plants or animals: such as
例句 Example
It is a flagellum – the tail - like propeller found in single cells.
它是一根鞭子—— 狀 似螺鏇槳的尾巴存在於單個細胞中.

hydrolysis

26
中文翻譯
n.水解
英文釋義
a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water
例句 Example
After the research the condition the optimum technique of hydrolysis was found.
並且考察瞭五倍子的水解條件,篩選齣較為理想的水解工藝.

organelle

27
中文翻譯
n.<生>細胞器
英文釋義
a specialized cellular part (such as a mitochondrion, chloroplast, or nucleus) that has a specific function and is considered analogous to an organ
例句 Example
There are numerous amoeboid nuclei suspended in the organelle - rich cytoplasm.
在富含細胞器的細胞質中,有許多變形核.

acidic

28
中文翻譯
adj.（味）酸的; [化]酸的，酸性的; 含有大量矽酸的
英文釋義
acid-forming
例句 Example
If the sprouts smell, or taste, mouldy or acidic do not eat them.
如果甘藍聞著或吃著有黴味或酸味，請勿食用。

mitotic

29
中文翻譯
adj.有絲分裂的，間接核分裂的
英文釋義
of, relating to, involving, or occurring by cellular mitosis
例句 Example
Microtubules have dominated our think about the mitotic mechanisms.
微管促使我的思考有絲分裂的機製.

transport

30
中文翻譯
n.交通工具; 交通運輸係統; 運輸; 運輸工具; 激情v.運輸; 傳播; 使身處他境; 流放
英文釋義
to transfer or convey from one place to another
例句 Example
Have you got your own transport?...
你有自己的交通工具嗎？

pathway

31
中文翻譯
n.路，道; 途徑，路徑
英文釋義
path, course
例句 Example
Richard was coming up the pathway.
理查德正沿著小路走過來。

base

32
中文翻譯
n.基礎，底部; 根據; 來源; 主要成分; 總部，基地; 壘; 堿; 基數v.以…為據點（總部）adj.卑鄙的，無恥的
英文釋義
the bottom of something considered as its support : foundation
例句 Example
Being there gave me a chance to touch base with three friends whom I had not seen for a year.
在那裏，讓我有機會和一年沒見麵的三個朋友取得瞭聯係。

polymerize

33
中文翻譯
v.（使）聚閤
英文釋義
to subject to polymerization
例句 Example
Of spill or leak : flood with water to polymerize. Soak up with an inert absorbent.
産品外濺或泄露的措施: 用水衝使其聚閤. 用惰性吸收劑浸潤.

indirect

34
中文翻譯
adj.間接的; 不直截瞭當的; 閃爍其詞的; 不坦率的
英文釋義
not direct: such as
例句 Example
Businesses are feeling the indirect effects from the recession that's going on elsewhere...
企業感受到瞭彆處經濟衰退帶來的間接影響。

monomers

35
中文翻譯
[化學] 單體
英文釋義
a chemical compound that can undergo polymerization
例句 Example
Glucose molecules are thus the monomers out of which each of these polymers is constructed.
因此葡萄糖是構成這兩種聚閤物的單體.

disassembled

36
中文翻譯
v.解開，分解( disassemble的過去式和過去分詞 )
英文釋義
to take apart
例句 Example
The gift was disassembled and shipped to its new land.
這件禮物被摺成幾部分,裝上船運往它的新址.

nucleate

37
中文翻譯
v.（使）成核adj.有核的
英文釋義
to form into a nucleus : cluster
例句 Example
Keywords: fractal, nucleate boiling, floc, biological aggregates.
關鍵詞: 碎形 、 核沸騰 、 膠羽 、 生物聚集體.

dendrites

38
中文翻譯
n.[解剖] 樹突; 樹枝晶（dendrite的復數）
英文釋義
a branching treelike figure produced on or in a mineral by a foreign mineral; also : the mineral so marked
例句 Example
Chromatophilic substance is found within the cytoplasm of dendrites.
嗜色質見於樹突的細胞質中.

nucleating

39
中文翻譯
v.（使）成核( nucleate的現在分詞 )
英文釋義
to form into a nucleus : cluster
例句 Example
The suitable nucleating agents can be selected according to thermodynamics.
根據熱力學可以選擇閤適的形核劑.

extending

40
中文翻譯
v.（空間、時間等）延伸，延續( extend的現在分詞 ); 伸展; 給予; 延長
英文釋義
to spread or stretch forth : unbend
例句 Example
He favors extending the school day and school year.
他贊成增加每天的課時並延長學年。

disappears

41
中文翻譯
v.不見，消失( disappear的第三人稱單數 ); 不復存在
英文釋義
to pass from view
例句 Example
" And then he disappears at the turn of the pass , Leaving behind him only hoof - prints . "
山 迴路 轉不見 君, 雪上空留馬行處.

centrioles

42
中文翻譯
n.[細胞] 中心粒（centriole的復數）
英文釋義
one of a pair of cellular organelles that occur especially in animals, are found near the nucleus, function in the formation of the spindle fibers during cell division, and consist of a cylinder with nine microtubules arranged peripherally in a circle
例句 Example
Every animal cell ( but not plant cells ) contains a pair of centrioles.
每個 動物細胞 跟植物細胞不同,都有一對中心體.

diameter

43
中文翻譯
n.直徑; 放大倍數
英文釋義
a chord passing through the center of a figure or body
例句 Example
...a tube less than a fifth of the diameter of a human hair.
直徑不足人的頭發直徑1/5的電子管

polypeptides

44
中文翻譯
n.[生化] 多肽
英文釋義
a molecular chain of amino acids
例句 Example
Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptides.
蛋白質是由一條或多條多肽鏈組成.

polymers

45
中文翻譯
n.<化>聚閤物（體）( polymer的名詞復數 )
英文釋義
a chemical compound or mixture of compounds formed by polymerization and consisting essentially of repeating structural units
例句 Example
The prices of polymers and suchlike materials will decrease.
聚閤物及類似材料的價格會下降。

synthesized

46
中文翻譯
v.綜閤( synthesize的過去式和過去分詞 ); 人工閤成; （通過化學手段或生物過程）閤成; （音響）閤成
英文釋義
to combine or produce by synthesis
例句 Example
A vitamin is a chemical compound that cannot be synthesized by the human body.
維生素是一種人體無法閤成的化閤物。

syndrome

47
中文翻譯
n.綜閤徵; 綜閤癥狀; 典型錶現
英文釋義
a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition
例句 Example
Irritable bowel syndrome seems to affect more women than men...
女性比男性更易患腸易激綜閤徵。

disassembly

48
中文翻譯
n.拆卸，分解，解體; 拆開
英文釋義
to take apart
例句 Example
Describes the command used to display the disassembly of a program.
描述用於顯示程序反匯編的命令.

distinguished

49
中文翻譯
adj.卓越的; 著名的; 受人尊敬的; 顯得重要的v.辨彆，區彆( distinguish的過去式和過去分詞); 突齣; 區彆(distinguish的過去式)
英文釋義
marked by eminence, distinction, or excellence
例句 Example
...a distinguished academic family.
傑齣的學者之傢

catastrophe

50
中文翻譯
n.災難，橫禍; 睏難
英文釋義
a momentous tragic event ranging from extreme misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin
例句 Example
The government's swift response to the economic crisis averted a potential catastrophe.
政府對經濟危機的迅速反應避免瞭一場潛在的災難。

nucleates

51
中文翻譯
v.（使）成核( nucleate的第三人稱單數 )
英文釋義
to form into a nucleus : cluster
例句 Example
These lath martensite first nucleates in parent austenite intergranular and twin boundary.
應變誘發馬氏體首先在原奧氏體晶界和孿晶界形核.

dissociate

52
中文翻譯
vt.使分離vi.分離
英文釋義
to separate from association or union with another
例句 Example
She wanted to dissociate herself from the controversial statements made by her colleagues.
她想要與同事們發錶的有爭議的言論劃清界限。

vesicles

53
中文翻譯
[醫]小囊泡
英文釋義
a membranous and usually fluid-filled pouch (such as a cyst, vacuole, or cell) in a plant or animal
例句 Example
In order to fuse, intracellular vesicles have to move within the cell.
為瞭融閤, 細胞內的囊泡必須在細胞內運動.

intermediate

54
中文翻譯
adj.中間的，中級的n.中間物，中間分子，中間人
英文釋義
being or occurring at the middle place, stage, or degree or between extremes
例句 Example
You should consider breaking the journey with intermediate stopovers at airport hotels.
你應該考慮將旅程分為幾段,中途在機場旅館稍作停留。

membrane

55
中文翻譯
n.（動物或植物體內的）薄膜; 隔膜; （可起防水、防風等作用的）膜狀物
英文釋義
a thin soft pliable sheet or layer especially of animal or plant origin
例句 Example
Similarly, if the seal gap increases, then the membrane will reduce the force.
同樣, 如果密封間隙增大, 那麼液膜內的力就會減小.

building

56
中文翻譯
n.建築（物）; 樓房v.建造; 創立; 發展（build的現在分詞）
英文釋義
a usually roofed and walled structure built for permanent use (as for a dwelling)
例句 Example
Building a strong foundation is essential for any long-term project.
任何長期項目都需要打下堅實的基礎。

striking

57
中文翻譯
adj.顯著的; 引人注目的; 容貌齣眾的; 嫵媚動人的v.打( strike的現在分詞); 擊; 敲響; 報時
英文釋義
attracting attention or notice through unusual or conspicuous qualities
例句 Example
The most striking feature of those statistics is the high proportion of suicides...
那些統計數據最引人注目之處是其極高的自殺率。

membranes

58
中文翻譯
n.（動物或植物體內的）薄膜( membrane的名詞復數 ); 隔膜; （可起防水、防風等作用的）膜狀物
英文釋義
a thin soft pliable sheet or layer especially of animal or plant origin
例句 Example
The waste material is placed in cells with permeable membranes.
廢液置於有滲透膜的槽中.

polymerized

59
中文翻譯
adj.聚閤的v.（使）聚閤( polymerize的過去式和過去分詞 )
英文釋義
to subject to polymerization
例句 Example
Pyrrole was polymerized on alkanethiol self - assembledmonolayers modified gold electrodes through electrochemical method.
用電化學聚閤法在多種烷基硫醇自組裝膜修飾金電極上製備瞭聚吡咯.

contributes

60
中文翻譯
v.捐獻( contribute的第三人稱單數 ); 捐助; 撰稿; 投稿
英文釋義
to give or supply (something, such as money or time) as a part or share
例句 Example
Built-up static contributes to sick building syndrome.
高樓林立中的靜電乾擾是引發大樓病綜閤徵的原因之一。

triplets

61
中文翻譯
n.三胞胎之一( triplet的名詞復數 ); 三個一組; 三聯體（碼）; 三連音符
英文釋義
one of three offspring produced in the same pregnancy
例句 Example
So the twins became triplets!
所以雙胞胎變成瞭三胞胎!

phospholipids

62
中文翻譯
[醫]磷脂（類）
英文釋義
any of various phosphorus-containing complex lipids (such as lecithins and phosphatidylethanolamines) that are derived from glycerol and are major constituents of the membranes of cells and intracellular organelles and vesicles
例句 Example
Glycerol is a constituent of all fats and phospholipids.
甘油是所有脂肪和磷脂的組成部分.

diminished

63
中文翻譯
adj.減少瞭的，被貶低的v.（使）減少，縮小( diminish的過去式和過去分詞 ); 減弱…的權勢
英文釋義
made one half step less than perfect or minor
例句 Example
The defendant was acquitted of theft on the grounds of diminished mental capacity.
被告因精神能力減弱而被判盜竊罪不成立。

generate

64
中文翻譯
vt.形成，造成; 産生物理反應; 産生（後代）; 引起
英文釋義
to bring into existence: such as
例句 Example
The Employment Minister said the reforms would generate new jobs.
勞工大臣錶示，改革將帶來新的就業機會。

dividing

65
中文翻譯
adj.區分的，分劃的v.分( divide的現在分詞 ); 劃分; 分離; （使）産生分歧
英文釋義
to separate into two or more parts, areas, or groups
例句 Example
Dividing his command, Morgan assailed both strongholds at the same time.
摩根派遣部隊同時襲擊瞭兩個據點。

metabolites

66
中文翻譯
[醫]代謝産物
英文釋義
a product of metabolism
例句 Example
The hypostase does not function in the transport of metabolites.
承珠盤在運輸代謝物質上並不起作用.

differ

67
中文翻譯
v.有區彆; 有分歧
英文釋義
to be unlike or distinct in nature, form, or characteristics
例句 Example
That is where we differ...
那就是我倆看法不一的地方。

susceptible

68
中文翻譯
adj.易受影響的; 易受感染的; 善感的; 可以接受或允許的
英文釋義
capable of submitting to an action, process, or operation
例句 Example
Walking with weights makes the shoulders very susceptible to injury.
負重行走時肩膀很容易受傷。

precision

69
中文翻譯
n.精確度，準確（性）; [語]精確
英文釋義
the quality or state of being precise : exactness
例句 Example
The choir sang with precision...
唱詩班的演唱準確無誤。

depletion

70
中文翻譯
n.（大量）減少，消耗
英文釋義
to empty of a principal substance
例句 Example
Increased consumption of water has led to rapid depletion of groundwater reserves.
用水量的增加導緻瞭地下水貯備迅速枯竭.

development

71
中文翻譯
n.發展; 成長; 研製; 開發; 發展階段; 新進展; 新建住宅區
英文釋義
the act, process, or result of developing
例句 Example
...the latest developments in Moscow...
莫斯科的最新動態

fundamental

72
中文翻譯
adj.基礎的; 根深蒂固的; 必須的; 基頻的; 基音的n.原理; 基音; 基諧波
英文釋義
serving as a basis supporting existence or determining essential structure or function : basic
例句 Example
The method they pioneered remains fundamental to research into the behaviour of nerve cells.
他們首創的方法在神經細胞活動的研究中一直是不可或缺的。

chemical

73
中文翻譯
adj.化學的; 化學反應的; 用化學方法生成的n.化學品; 化閤物
英文釋義
of, relating to, used in, or produced by chemistry or the phenomena of chemistry
例句 Example
Chemically modified food additives are widely used in processed foods.
經過化學改性的食品添加劑在加工食品中廣泛使用。

structural

74
中文翻譯
adj.結構（上）的，構架（上）的; 建築的; 構造上的; 組織上的
英文釋義
of or relating to the physical makeup of a plant or animal body
例句 Example
The explosion caused little structural damage to the office towers themselves.
爆炸對辦公大樓本身幾乎沒有造成結構上的損壞。

nuclear

75
中文翻譯
adj.原子核的，原子能的; [細胞]細胞核的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or constituting a nucleus
例句 Example
...a nuclear power station.
核電站

variable

76
中文翻譯
adj.變化的，可變的; [數]變量的; [生]變異的n.可變因素，變量; 易變的東西
英文釋義
able or apt to vary : subject to variation or changes
例句 Example
The potassium content of foodstuffs is very variable...
食物中鉀的含量差彆很大。

filamentous

77
中文翻譯
adj.細絲狀的，縴維所成的，如絲的
英文釋義
a single thread or a thin flexible threadlike object, process, or appendage : such as
例句 Example
DNA filamentous fungi could be provided by the modified with benzyl chloride.
本文采用改進的氯化苄法,得到的DNA質量好、産量高,可以直接用於後續的基因操作.

filament

78
中文翻譯
n.[印，紡]長絲，單縴維; [電]燈絲，絲極，遊絲; 細絲，絲狀體; [植]（雄蕊的）花絲
英文釋義
a single thread or a thin flexible threadlike object, process, or appendage : such as
例句 Example
The delicate glass filaments intertwined with the metal ones to form a sturdy mesh.
這些精緻的玻璃絲與金屬絲交織在一起，形成瞭一個堅固的網狀結構。

critical

79
中文翻譯
adj.關鍵的; (病情或局勢)嚴重的; 批評的; 評論傢的; 評判性的
英文釋義
inclined to criticize severely and unfavorably
例句 Example
The show was also a resounding critical success.
這次演齣同樣好評如潮。

migration

80
中文翻譯
n.遷移，移居
英文釋義
the act, process, or an instance of migrating
例句 Example
People migrate to cities like Jakarta in search of work...
人們為找工作而遷移到雅加達這類城市裏。

changeable

81
中文翻譯
adj.可能變化的; 易變的; 多變的
英文釋義
capable of change: such as
例句 Example
The mood of the audience was quite changeable during the performance.
觀眾的情緒在演齣期間相當反復無常。