← 返回主頁

📖 Chapter25 - Biolex 學習卡片

89
總詞彙
1
當前
0
已學習

replication

1
n.復製,摺疊; 迴答; 反響; [植]反疊
answer, reply
He invited her to his laboratory to see if she could replicate the experiment.
他邀請她到他的實驗室看她能否復製該實驗。

cytokinesis

2
n.細胞漿移動,原漿移動
the cytoplasmic changes accompanying mitosis
Cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm after nuclear division ( mitosis or meiosis ).
胞質分裂:隨著核 ( 有絲分裂和減數分裂 ) 分裂之後的細胞質的分裂.

reduction

3
n.減少; 降低; 摺扣; 還原; 縮圖
the act or process of reducing : the state of being reduced
...a future reduction in UK interest rates...
未來英國利率的下調

recombination

4
n.再結閤; 再化閤; 復閤
the formation by the processes of crossing-over and independent assortment of new combinations of genes in progeny that did not occur in the parents
The degree of recombination is reciprocal in most cases.
重新結閤的程度在大多數情況下是相互的.

mitosis

5
n.有絲分裂,間接核分裂
a process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves typically a series of steps consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
An irregular mitosis is seen in the center.
中央可見病理性核分裂象.

homology

6
n.相同,同族關係,異體同形
a similarity often attributable to common origin
Its homology with HSL from GenBank was up to 100 %.
序列同源性比較錶明,該基因序列與genbank登錄 的HSL基因 (AY686758)有高達100%的同源性.

maternal

7
adj.母親的; 母親般的; 母係的; 母親方麵的
of, relating to, belonging to, or characteristic of a mother : motherly
She had little maternal instinct...
她缺乏母性。

radioactive

8
adj.放射性的
of, caused by, or exhibiting radioactivity
The government has been storing radioactive waste at Fernald for 50 years.
政府在弗納德存放放射性廢料已達50年之久。

cytoplasmic

9
adj.細胞質的
the organized complex of inorganic and organic substances external to the nuclear membrane of a cell and including the cytosol and membrane-bound organelles (such as mitochondria or chloroplasts)
Turnover of cytoplasmic constituents involves both synthetic and lytic processes.
細胞質組分的周轉既包括閤成也包括分解過程.

differentiation

10
n.區彆,差異化; 〈生物〉分化
the act or process of differentiating
The differentiation between the two product ranges will increase.
這兩個産品係列之間的差彆將會加大。

nonradioactive

11
n.& adj.非放射性(的)
not of, caused by, or exhibiting radioactivity : not radioactive
Isn't the nonradioactive form of thallium used for rat poison?.
鉈的非放射性形態不是用於製造老鼠藥嗎?

condition

12
n.狀況; 環境,處境; 條件,條款; 健康狀況; 疾病v.訓練; 使習慣於; 使適應; 影響; 保養
a premise upon which the fulfillment of an agreement depends : stipulation
She was clearly in no condition to see anyone.
很顯然,她誰都不能見。

metaphase

13
n.中期,轉位期
the stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes become arranged in the equatorial plane of the spindle
The eight chromosomes were randomly distributed at metaphase I.
在中期Ⅰ8對染色體的分布是無秩序的.

homozygous

14
adj.同型結閤的,純閤子的
having the two genes at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes identical for one or more loci
F 1 females could be backcrossed to the male homozygous recessive parent.
也可用雌性F1與隱性純閤雄性親本迴交.

alternation

15
n.交替,輪流,間隔
the act or process of alternating or causing to alternate
The alternation of sun and snow continued for the rest of our holiday.
我們剩餘的假期裏依舊時而晴天時而下雪。

reproduction

16
n.繁殖,生殖; 再生産,再現,[心]再生作用; 復製品
the act or process of reproducing; specifically : the process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring and which fundamentally consists of the segregation of a portion of the parental body by a sexual or an asexual process and its subsequent growth and differentiation into a new individual
...a reproduction of a popular religious painting.
一幅頗受歡迎的宗教畫復製品

paternal

17
adj.父親的; 父親(般)的; 父係的; 父方的
of or relating to a father
...paternal love for his children...
對子女的父愛

distinguishable

18
adj.可以區彆開的,可辨彆的
to perceive a difference in : mentally separate
It was getting light and shapes were more distinguishable.
天亮起來瞭,萬物變得更清晰瞭。

duplication

19
n.(不必要的)重復
the act or process of duplicating
...unnecessary duplication of resources.
不必要的資源重復

anaphase

20
n.(細胞分裂的)後期
the stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle
Anaphase bridges were used as indicators of inversion heterozygosity.
用後期橋作為倒位雜閤子性的指標.

location

21
n.地點,位置; (電影的)外景拍攝地; 定位
a position or site occupied or available for occupancy or marked by some distinguishing feature : situation
The first thing he looked at was his office's location...
他首先看的是自己辦公室的位置。

division

22
n.分開; 分配; 除法; 分歧; 部門; (軍隊)師; 分組錶決; (足球)級; 分界綫
the act or process of dividing : the state of being divided
the distribution of roles in the family
傢庭成員的角色分配

diversity

23
n.多樣性,多元性; 差異,不同
the condition of having or being composed of differing elements : variety; especially : the inclusion of people of different races, cultures, etc. in a group or organization
...the cultural diversity of British society.
英國社會文化的多元性

additional

24
adj.附加的,添加的
more than is usual or expected : added
The US is sending additional troops to the region...
美國正嚮該地區增兵。

unicellular

25
adj.單細胞的
having or consisting of a single cell
Unicellular algae are among the simplest forms of life.
單細胞藻類是最簡單的生命形式之一。

homologous

26
adj.相應的; 類似的; 一緻的; 同源的
having the same relative position, value, or structure: such as
The bird's wing is homologous with the bat's wing.
鳥的翅膀與蝙蝠的翅膀同源。

generation

27
n.一代人; 一代; 一批; 産生adj.第…代的
a body of living beings constituting a single step in the line of descent from an ancestor
...the younger generation of Party members...
年輕一代的黨員

chromosomal

28
adj.染色體的
any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism; also : the genetic material of a virus
Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA.
tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一樣, 都是染色體DNA的轉錄産物.

individuality

29
n.個人; 個性; 個人特徵
total character peculiar to and distinguishing an individual from others
People should be free to express their individuality...
人們應該能自由錶達他們的個性。

synaptonemal

30
[醫]聯會絲的
a complex tripartite protein structure that spans the region between synapsed chromosomes in meiotic prophase
The synaptonemal complex is protein in nature.
聯閤復閤體在性質上是蛋白質.

heterozygous

31
adj.雜閤的
having the two alleles at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes different for one or more loci
Certain autosomal translocations in the heterozygous state can be fully viable.
呈雜閤子狀態的某些常染色體易位完全可以生活的.

individual

32
adj.單獨的; 個人的; 獨特的n.個人; 某種類型的人
of, relating to, or distinctively associated with an individual
They wait for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions...
他們等待團體作決定而不是各自作齣決定。

genetic

33
adj.遺傳的; 基因的; 起源的,起因的; 演變的
relating to or determined by the origin, development, or causal antecedents of something
Cystic fibrosis is the most common fatal genetic disease in the United States.
囊性縴維化是美國最常見的緻命遺傳疾病。

mitotic

34
adj.有絲分裂的,間接核分裂的
of, relating to, involving, or occurring by cellular mitosis
Microtubules have dominated our think about the mitotic mechanisms.
微管促使我的思考有絲分裂的機製.

meiosis

35
n.減數分裂,成熟分裂
the presentation of a thing with underemphasis especially in order to achieve a greater effect : understatement
Cycling meiosis and fertilization events produces a series of transitions between alternating haploid and diploid states.
減數分裂和受精作用的周期甚至産生瞭一個在單倍體階段與二倍體階段來迴交替的過渡序列.

base

36
n.基礎,底部; 根據; 來源; 主要成分; 總部,基地; 壘; 堿; 基數v.以…為據點(總部)adj.卑鄙的,無恥的
the bottom of something considered as its support : foundation
Being there gave me a chance to touch base with three friends whom I had not seen for a year.
在那裏,讓我有機會和一年沒見麵的三個朋友取得瞭聯係。

indicated

37
adj.錶明的; 指示的v.標示( indicate的過去式和過去分詞 ); 指示; 象徵; 錶明或暗示…的可能性
to point out or point to
He raised his glass and indicated that I should do the same.
他舉起瞭杯子並且示意我也應該這樣做。

triggered

38
adj.觸發的v.引發( trigger的過去式和過去分詞 ); 扣…的扳機; 發射(導彈); 鬆開扳機(或扳柄等)
released, initiated, or set off by a trigger
The mere mention of food had triggered off hunger pangs.
單單提到食物就引起瞭陣陣飢餓感。

replicating

39
v.復製( replicate的現在分詞 ); 重復; 再造; 再生
duplicate, repeat
Applications create these partitions for storing and replicating data.
應用程序創建這些分區用來儲存和復製數據.

homologues

40
[化] 同係物,同係化閤物
something (such as a chemical compound or a chromosome) homologous
The retention behaviors of aromatic alcohol homologues in hydrophobic interaction chromatography ( HIC ) were investigated firstly.
首次研究瞭芳香醇同係物在疏水色譜 ( HIC ) 中的保留行為.

chromosome

41
n.<生>染色體
any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism; also : the genetic material of a virus
Each cell of our bodies contains 46 chromosomes.
我們人體的每個細胞都包含46個染色體。

protects

42
v.保護( protect的第三人稱單數 ); 防護; 投保; 關稅保護
to cover or shield from exposure, injury, damage, or destruction : guard
The judge invoked an international law that protects refugees.
法官援引瞭一項保護難民的國際法。

displayed

43
v.顯示( display的過去式和過去分詞 ); 陳列; 張開; 泄露
to place or spread (something) for people to see; also : to serve as a place for displaying (something)
Vendors displayed their wares in baskets or on the ground.
小販們把他們的商品擺放在籃子裏或地上。

mediated

44
v.調停,調解,斡鏇( mediate的過去式和過去分詞 ); 居間促成; 影響…的發生; 使…可能發生
to bring accord out of by action as an intermediary
My mom was the one who mediated between Zelda and her mom.
我媽媽充當瞭澤爾達和她媽媽之間的調解人。

conditions

45
n.(居住、工作或做事情的)環境; (影響某事發生的)物質環境; <保險>承保險彆; 條件( condition的名詞復數 ); 狀況; 健康狀況; 環境
a premise upon which the fulfillment of an agreement depends : stipulation
More people would be attracted to cycling if conditions were right.
如果天氣適宜,會有更多的人被吸引到騎自行車的行列中來。

generated

46
adj.發電的v.生(兒、女)( generate的過去式和過去分詞 ); (通過物理或化學過程)發生; 生成; 引起
to bring into existence: such as
The demand generated by one factory required the construction of another.
一傢工廠産生的需求使得必須再建造一傢工廠。

distinct

47
adj.不同的; 清楚的,明顯的; 確切的
distinguishable to the eye or mind as being discrete or not the same : separate
Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude...
由於托尼不在場瞭,她的態度有瞭明顯的轉變。

divisions

48
n.分開( division的名詞復數 ); 分界綫; 分歧; 分離
the act or process of dividing : the state of being divided
In his long career at BP, Horton turned around two entire divisions.
霍頓在英國石油公司漫長的職業生涯中曾經讓兩個部門整體上起死迴生。

generations

49
n.代( generation的名詞復數 ); (傢史中的)一代; 産生; 一批
a body of living beings constituting a single step in the line of descent from an ancestor
These poems have helped kindle the imagination of generations of children.
這些詩激發瞭一代又一代孩子的想象力。

replicate

50
vt.復製,復寫; 重復,反復; 摺轉; [生] 復製
duplicate, repeat
He invited her to his laboratory to see if she could replicate the experiment.
他邀請她到他的實驗室看她能否復製該實驗。

chromosomes

51
n.<生>染色體( chromosome的名詞復數 )
any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism; also : the genetic material of a virus
Chromosomes also determine the sex of animals.
染色體也決定動物的性彆.

locations

52
n.位置,場所( location的名詞復數 ); 發現[找齣]…的位置[地點]; 外景(拍攝地)
a position or site occupied or available for occupancy or marked by some distinguishing feature : situation
The exact locations are being kept secret for reasons of security.
確切地點因為安全原因要保密。

generates

53
v.生(兒、女)( generate的第三人稱單數 ); (通過物理或化學過程)發生; 生成; 引起
to bring into existence: such as
This new boiler generates more heat than the old one.
這個新鍋爐産生的熱量比舊鍋爐多.

modified

54
adj.改良的,改進的,修正的vt.修飾v.修改,更改( modify的過去式和過去分詞 ); 改變; 修飾; 緩和
to make less extreme : moderate
The vehicles have been modified to suit conditions in the desert.
車輛已改裝過以適應沙漠的環境。

syndrome

55
n.綜閤徵; 綜閤癥狀; 典型錶現
a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition
Irritable bowel syndrome seems to affect more women than men...
女性比男性更易患腸易激綜閤徵。

replicated

56
v.復製( replicate的過去式和過去分詞 ); 重復; 再造; 再生
duplicate, repeat
Later outplant the seedlings in a replicated permanent test plantation.
以後苗木齣圃栽植成重復的永久性試驗林.

rediscovery

57
n.重新發現
to discover (something lost or forgotten) again
The best part of his expedition had been the rediscovery of his natural passion for making things.
他這次探險的最大收獲就是重新發現瞭自己對動手製作物品與生俱來的熱忱。

distance

58
n.距離; 遙遠,久遠; 疏遠; 遠方; 冷淡adj.遠程的v.使疏遠
the quality or state of being distant: such as
He walked towards the doorway, careful to keep his distance.
他走嚮門口,小心翼翼地保持著距離。

discovered

59
v.發現( discover的過去式和過去分詞 ); 碰見; 撞見; 瞭解到
to make known or visible : expose
He succeeded with the aid of a completely new method he discovered.
藉助於自己發現的一種全新的方法,他獲得瞭成功。

disappear

60
v.消失; 失蹤; 滅絕
to pass from view
The black car drove away from them and disappeared...
那輛黑色轎車駛離瞭他們的視綫。

differed

61
v.不同,有異( differ的過去式和過去分詞 ); 持異議
to be unlike or distinct in nature, form, or characteristics
Since his retirement, Crowe has differed with the President on several issues.
退休以後,剋羅在好幾個問題上都與總統意見相左。

genotype

62
n.基因型; 屬型
type species
It was concluded that XD 011 was the strongest Cdtolerant genotype among the tested fifteen peanut genotypes.
通過本次研究得齣,基因型XD011是鎘低富集品種,且具有相對較強的耐鎘性.

distances

63
n.距離( distance的名詞復數 ); 遠處; (時間或空間的)相距; 疏遠
the quality or state of being distant: such as
The bat judges distances by a kind of echo - location.
蝙蝠用一種迴聲測定法來判斷距離.

parthenogenesis

64
n.單性生殖,孤雌生殖
reproduction by development of an unfertilized usually female gamete that occurs especially among lower plants and invertebrate animals
Individual species has a certain ability to parthenogenesis.
個彆品種具有一定的孤雌生殖的能力.

homologue

65
n.相當或相同的事物,同族體; [生]同源染色體; 同調
something (such as a chemical compound or a chromosome) homologous
The homologue of monkey ESc - 615 was cloned in rat by screening rat epididymis cDNA library.
為得到該基因在大鼠中的同源基因,采用瞭篩選大鼠附睾cDNA文庫的方法,得到瞭獼猴附睾 ESc -615在大鼠附睾中的同源基因.

monosomy

66
n.單體性(染色體)
having one less than the diploid number of chromosomes
Absence of one chromosome of a pair is called monosomy for that chromosome.
一對染色體中缺少瞭一條染色體就稱為該染色體的單體.

chromatid

67
n.染色單體
one of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere
METHODSTo determine the sister chromatid exchanges SCE of chronic alcoholism patients by peripheral blood culture.
應用外周全血淋巴細胞培養方法檢測慢性酒精中毒患者淋巴細胞姐妹染色單體交換率.

chromatin

68
n.染色質; 核染質
a complex chiefly of DNA and histone in eukaryotic cells that is usually dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis and in which the nucleosome makes up its repeating subunits
The DNA of chromatin must replicate before cell division.
染色質DNA在細胞分裂之前必須復製.

cytoplasm

69
n.細胞質,細胞漿
the organized complex of inorganic and organic substances external to the nuclear membrane of a cell and including the cytosol and membrane-bound organelles (such as mitochondria or chloroplasts)
The cytoplasm of TIL was little. The nucleus was round in shape.
電鏡下,可見腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞核大,胞質少, 核較圓.

gametogenesis

70
n.配子形成,配子發育
the production of gametes
Gametogenesis The formation of sexcells or gametes.
配子形成:即性細胞或配子的形成.

discarding

71
v.丟棄,拋棄( discard的現在分詞 ); 不再使用
to get rid of especially as useless or unwanted
Read the manufacturer's guidelines before discarding the box.
在丟掉盒子前先看一下製造商的使用說明。

nitrogen

72
n.[化]氮,氮氣
a nonmetallic chemical element with atomic number 7 that under standard conditions is a colorless, odorless, inert gas, that constitutes 78 percent of the Earth's atmosphere, and that is used especially in the industrial synthesis of ammonia, as a component of inert atmospheres, and in liquid form as a refrigerant —often used before another noun
Nitrogen is the most important for high yield of rice.
氮對水稻高産最為重要.

diakinesis

73
n.絲球期
the final stage of the meiotic prophase marked by contraction of the bivalents
The nucleus in shrinking cytoplasm of microspore mother cell enters into diakinesis stage .16.
收縮的小孢子母細胞中核進入減數分裂終變期.

genetically

74
adv.創始; 遺傳學; 生殖; 基因
relating to or determined by the origin, development, or causal antecedents of something
Top supermarkets are to ban many genetically modified foods.
大品牌超市即將下架許多轉基因食品。

tetraploid

75
adj.四倍體的
having or being a chromosome number four times the monoploid number
In the tetraploid, pseudogamous species Rubus nitidioides, Haskall selected two plants . Haskall.
在四倍體 、 具假配子的種光懸鈎子中選瞭二個植株.

differences

76
n.差彆( difference的名詞復數 ); 差異; 差距; 分歧
the quality or state of being dissimilar or different
The three parties will meet next month to work out remaining differences.
三方將在下個月會麵,以解決餘下的分歧。

nucleoli

77
n.核仁(nucleolus的復數); 核仁( nucleolus的名詞復數 )
a spherical body of the nucleus of most eukaryotes that becomes enlarged during protein synthesis, is associated with a nucleolus organizer, and contains the DNA templates for ribosomal RNA
Note that nucleoli are numerous and large in this neoplasm.
在腫瘤細胞中核多且大.

corresponding

78
adj.相應的,相關的v.符閤; 相當於; 通信( correspond的現在分詞)
having or participating in the same relationship (such as kind, degree, position, correspondence, or function) especially with regard to the same or like wholes (such as geometric figures or sets)
Racegoers will be given a number which will correspond to a horse running in a race...
觀看賽馬比賽的觀眾將獲得一個與某一匹賽馬相對應的號碼。

chromatids

79
[醫]染色單體
one of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere
At this point each chromosome consist of a pair of chromatids and the two associated chromosomes are termed a tetrad.
此時每條染色體由一對染色單體構成,這兩條聯閤的染色體稱為四分體.

generate

80
vt.形成,造成; 産生物理反應; 産生(後代); 引起
to bring into existence: such as
The Employment Minister said the reforms would generate new jobs.
勞工大臣錶示,改革將帶來新的就業機會。

differentiate

81
v.區分,辨彆; 使有差彆
to obtain the mathematical derivative of
At this age your baby cannot differentiate one person from another.
這個年齡的嬰兒還不能認人。

immediately

82
adv.立即; 接近; 直接地; 緊接地conj. 即刻
without interval of time : straightway
Immediately I've done it I feel completely disgusted with myself.
我一做完那件事就對自己感到十分厭惡。

generating

83
n.發生,産生v.生(兒、女)( generate的現在分詞 ); (通過物理或化學過程)發生; 生成; 引起
to bring into existence: such as
The firm soon started frittering away the cash it was generating.
這傢公司不久就開始揮霍賺來的錢。

restricted

84
adj.有受限製的; (土地)對公眾不完全開放的; 保密的v.限製( restrict的過去式)
subject or subjected to restriction: such as
...the monotony of a heavily restricted diet...
受到嚴格限製的飲食的單調

experimental

85
adj.根據實驗的,試驗性的
of, relating to, or based on experience or experiment
...an experimental air conditioning system...
試驗性的空調係統

differ

86
v.有區彆; 有分歧
to be unlike or distinct in nature, form, or characteristics
That is where we differ...
那就是我倆看法不一的地方。

development

87
n.發展; 成長; 研製; 開發; 發展階段; 新進展; 新建住宅區
the act, process, or result of developing
...the latest developments in Moscow...
莫斯科的最新動態

fundamental

88
adj.基礎的; 根深蒂固的; 必須的; 基頻的; 基音的n.原理; 基音; 基諧波
serving as a basis supporting existence or determining essential structure or function : basic
The method they pioneered remains fundamental to research into the behaviour of nerve cells.
他們首創的方法在神經細胞活動的研究中一直是不可或缺的。

abnormal

89
adj.不正常的,異常的; 畸形的
deviating from the normal or average; often : unusual in an unwelcome or problematic way
...abnormal heart rhythms and high anxiety levels.
心律不齊和高度焦慮