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📖 Chapter02 - Biolex 學習卡片

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covalent

1
中文翻譯
adj.共有原子價的，共價的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or characterized by covalent bonds
例句 Example
In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons.
在共價鍵聯中, 原子共有電子.

valence

2
中文翻譯
n.（化閤）價，原子價; （心理）效價
英文釋義
the degree of combining power of an element as shown by the number of atomic weights of a monovalent element (such as hydrogen) with which the atomic weight of the element will combine or for which it can be substituted or with which it can be compared
例句 Example
Hydrogen is a one - valence element.
氫是一價的元素.

nitrogen

3
中文翻譯
n.[化]氮，氮氣
英文釋義
a nonmetallic chemical element with atomic number 7 that under standard conditions is a colorless, odorless, inert gas, that constitutes 78 percent of the Earth's atmosphere, and that is used especially in the industrial synthesis of ammonia, as a component of inert atmospheres, and in liquid form as a refrigerant —often used before another noun
例句 Example
Nitrogen is the most important for high yield of rice.
氮對水稻高産最為重要.

orbital

4
中文翻譯
adj.軌道的; 眼窩的n.高速環行路
英文釋義
of, relating to, or forming an orbit (such as the orbit of a moon, planet, or spacecraft)
例句 Example
the M25 London orbital
倫敦M25高速環行路

ionic

5
中文翻譯
adj.離子的
英文釋義
of, relating to, existing as, or characterized by ions
例句 Example
Metal ionic compounds play an important role in fluorescent molecule switch.
金屬離子絡閤物是熒光分子開關的一個重要組成部分.

chlorine

6
中文翻譯
n.[化]氯
英文釋義
a halogen element that is isolated as a heavy greenish-yellow diatomic gas of pungent odor and is used especially as a bleach, oxidizing agent, and disinfectant in water purification
例句 Example
Since 1908, chlorine has been added to drinking water.
自1908年以來氯就被添加進飲用水當中。

isotope

7
中文翻譯
n.[化]同位素
英文釋義
any of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and nearly identical chemical behavior but with differing atomic mass or mass number and different physical properties
例句 Example
radioactive isotopes
放射性同位素

electronegative

8
中文翻譯
adj.負電的，帶負電的
英文釋義
having a tendency to attract electrons
例句 Example
If come menstruation and is electronegative is the specification pregnant certainly?
如果來月經而且試紙是陰性是不是說明一定沒懷孕?

chloride

9
中文翻譯
n.氯化物; 〈口〉漂白粉
英文釋義
a compound of chlorine with another element or group; especially : a salt or ester of hydrochloric acid
例句 Example
The scientific name for common salt is sodium chloride.
食鹽的學名是氯化鈉。

subatomic

10
中文翻譯
adj.小於原子的，亞原子的，次原子的
英文釋義
of or relating to the inside of the atom
例句 Example
subatomic particles
亞原子粒子

radioactive

11
中文翻譯
adj.放射性的
英文釋義
of, caused by, or exhibiting radioactivity
例句 Example
[不可数名词]the study of radioactivity
放射性研究

phosphorus

12
中文翻譯
n.[化]磷; 磷光體
英文釋義
a phosphorescent substance or body; especially : one that shines or glows in the dark
例句 Example
Annuals, as a general rule , are very responsive to phosphorus fertilization.
通常說來,對一年生植物施用磷肥是相當有效的.

nonpolar

13
中文翻譯
adj.無極的
英文釋義
not polar; especially : consisting of molecules not having a dipole
例句 Example
The nonpolar segments of surfactants include straight - chain and branched alkyl groups.
非極性錶麵活性劑鏈段包括直鏈和支鏈的烷基.

morphine

14
中文翻譯
n.[藥]嗎啡
英文釋義
a bitter crystalline addictive narcotic base C17H19NO3 that is the principal alkaloid of opium and is used in the form of a soluble salt (such as a hydrochloride or a sulfate) as an analgesic and sedative
例句 Example
Objective : To investigate the effect of morphine on purine nucleotide catabolism and the mechanism.
目的: 研究嗎啡依賴及戒斷對嘌呤核苷酸分解代謝的影響與作用機製.

formic

15
中文翻譯
adj.蟻的，蟻酸的
英文釋義
a colorless pungent fuming vesicant liquid acid CH2O2 found especially in ants and in many plants and used chiefly in dyeing and finishing textiles
例句 Example
Many other insects also produce formic as well as other kinds of acid.
其他多種昆蟲也能製造甲酸或其他種類的酸.

potassium

16
中文翻譯
n.<化>鉀
英文釋義
a silver-white soft light low-melting monovalent metallic element of the alkali metal group that occurs abundantly in nature especially combined in minerals
例句 Example
These chemicals modulate the effect of potassium.
這些化學物質可以調節鉀的功效。

magnesium

17
中文翻譯
n.[化]鎂（金屬元素）
英文釋義
a silver-white malleable ductile light metallic element that occurs abundantly in nature and is used in metallurgical and chemical processes, in photography, signaling, and pyrotechnics because of the intense white light it produces on burning, and in construction especially in the form of light alloys
例句 Example
A lack of magnesium causes muscles to go into spasm.
缺鎂會導緻肌肉痙攣。

boron

18
中文翻譯
n.<化>硼
英文釋義
a metalloid chemical element that is found in nature only in combination and that is used especially in borosilicate glass and detergents
例句 Example
There is still great interest in boron as an essential plant nutrient.
迄今硼作為植物的必要營養元素仍極其重要.

fluorine

19
中文翻譯
n.<化>氟; 砩
英文釋義
a nonmetallic gaseous chemical element of the halogen group with atomic number 9 that readily forms compounds with almost all other elements including some noble gases
例句 Example
A large proportion of the fluorine is vaporized during the concentration process.
在濃縮過程中大部份氟蒸齣.

metabolism

20
中文翻譯
n.新陳代謝; 代謝作用
英文釋義
the sum of the processes in the buildup and destruction of protoplasm; specifically : the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated
例句 Example
The body's metabolism is slowed down by extreme cold.
嚴寒可以使身體新陳代謝的速度下降。

radiometric

21
中文翻譯
adj.輻射度的，放射性測量的
英文釋義
relating to, using, or measured by a radiometer
例句 Example
Consequently, radiometric dating has advanced briskly in the past 30 years.
因此, 新近三十年來,放射性計時迅猛發展.

superimpose

22
中文翻譯
vt.添加; 附加
英文釋義
to place or lay over or above something
例句 Example
A diagram of the new road layout was superimposed on a map of the city.
新公路的規劃示意圖被疊映在該城市的地圖上。

methane

23
中文翻譯
n.<化>甲烷，沼氣
英文釋義
a colorless odorless flammable gaseous hydrocarbon CH4 that is a product of biological decomposition of organic matter and of the carbonization of coal, is used as a fuel and as a starting material in chemical synthesis, and is the simplest of the alkanes
例句 Example
Next in line is methane from livestock and manure.
排名第二的是牲畜和糞肥産生的甲烷.

cation

24
中文翻譯
n.陽離子
英文釋義
the ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the cathode; broadly : a positively charged ion
例句 Example
The cation penetrates the spore.
這種陽離子能透入孢子.

anion

25
中文翻譯
n.陰離子
英文釋義
the ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the anode; broadly : a negatively charged ion
例句 Example
The retention mechanism of phosphate anion on an anion exchange column was studied.
首次發現磷酸根離子在陰離子交換柱上以兩個色譜峰流齣.

hybrid

26
中文翻譯
n.雜種; 雜交生成的生物體; 混閤物; 混閤詞; 混閤動力
英文釋義
an offspring of two animals or plants of different subspecies, breeds, varieties, species, or genera
例句 Example
A mule is a hybrid of a male donkey and a female horse.
騾子是公驢和母馬交配而生的雜種動物。

reversible

27
中文翻譯
adj.可逆的; 步驟、行動或疾病可恢復原狀的; 可醫治的; 衣服、材料等可翻轉的
英文釋義
capable of being reversed or of reversing: such as
例句 Example
a reversible jacket
可兩麵穿的夾剋

equilibrium

28
中文翻譯
n.平衡，均勢; 平靜
英文釋義
a state of intellectual or emotional balance : poise
例句 Example
The point at which the solid and the liquid are in equilibrium is called the freezing point.
固體和液體的平衡點叫做冰點。

chromium

29
中文翻譯
n.[化學] 鉻
英文釋義
a blue-white metallic element found naturally only in combination and used especially in alloys and in electroplating
例句 Example
The trimmings on the car are made of chromium.
車上裝的食品是用鉻閤金做的.

cobalt

30
中文翻譯
n.[化]鈷（符號為Co）; 鈷類顔料; 深藍色
英文釋義
a magnetic metallic element that is used especially in alloys, in batteries, and as a pigment in paint and glass
例句 Example
...a country rich in copper, cobalt and diamonds.
銅、鈷和鑽石資源豐富的國傢

iodine

31
中文翻譯
n.<化>碘
英文釋義
a nonmetallic halogen element with atomic number 53 that is an essential nutrient in the human diet and is used especially in medicine, photography, and analytical chemistry —often used before another noun
例句 Example
She dabbed iodine on the cuts on her forehead.
她把碘酒輕搽在前額的傷口上。

manganese

32
中文翻譯
n.<化>錳
英文釋義
a grayish-white usually hard and brittle metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic and is used especially in alloys, batteries, and plant fertilizers
例句 Example
Oxidation - reduction reactions are important in the solubilization and precipitation of iron and manganese.
氧化還原反應在鐵和錳的增溶和沉澱中具有重要作用.

molybdenum

33
中文翻譯
n.鉬
英文釋義
a metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in many properties, is used especially in strengthening and hardening steel, and is a trace element in plant and animal metabolism
例句 Example
Molybdenum deficiency is found when legumes are grown on acid soils.
在酸性土壤上種植豆科作物時常發現缺鉬.

selenium

34
中文翻譯
n.硒
英文釋義
a photosensitive element that occurs in both crystalline and amorphous forms, is obtained chiefly as a by-product in copper refining, and is used especially in glass, semiconductor devices, and alloys
例句 Example
Selenium and aluminum are found in vanishingly small concentrations within living things.
硒和鋁在生物中含量其微.

vanadium

35
中文翻譯
n.釩，鉛礦
英文釋義
a silvery-grayish malleable ductile metallic element obtained from minerals and used especially to form alloys and in catalysts
例句 Example
Some sea animals accumulate elements like vanadium and iodine within their cells.
某些海洋動物在其細胞內積纍象釩和碘一類元素.

serpentine

36
中文翻譯
adj.像蛇般蜷麯的，蜿蜒的; 陰險的; 彎彎麯麯的
英文釋義
of or resembling a serpent (as in form or movement)
例句 Example
the serpentine course of the river
蜿蜒麯摺的河道

neutron

37
中文翻譯
n.[物]中子
英文釋義
an uncharged elementary particle that has a mass nearly equal to that of the proton and is present in all known atomic nuclei except the hydrogen nucleus
例句 Example
Each atomic cluster is made up of neutrons and protons.
原子簇是由中子和質子構成的。

proton

38
中文翻譯
n.[物]質子
英文釋義
an elementary particle that is identical with the nucleus of the hydrogen atom, that along with the neutron is a constituent of all other atomic nuclei, that carries a positive charge numerically equal to the charge of an electron, and that has a mass of 1.673 × 10—27 kilogram
例句 Example
A proton is an elementary particle of matter.
質子是物質的基本粒子。

paleolithic

39
中文翻譯
adj.舊石器時代的
英文釋義
of or relating to the earliest period of the Stone Age characterized by rough or chipped stone implements
例句 Example
The Upper Paleolithic , in contrast , ushered in a suite of sophisticated practices.
舊石器時代晚期就不一樣瞭, 成套的復雜行為齣現瞭.

spontaneously

40
中文翻譯
adv.自然地，自發地，不由自主地; 不禁; 油然
英文釋義
proceeding from natural feeling or native tendency without external constraint
例句 Example
He was never spontaneously warm or friendly towards us.
他從未自然而然地對我們錶示過熱情或友好。

diagnostic

41
中文翻譯
adj.診斷的，判斷的; 特徵的n.診斷法，診斷程式; 診斷結論
英文釋義
of, relating to, or used in diagnosis
例句 Example
to carry out diagnostic assessments/tests
進行診斷性評估 / 檢查

cancerous

42
中文翻譯
adj.癌的; 像癌的; 得癌癥的; 不治的
英文釋義
a northern zodiacal constellation between Gemini and Leo
例句 Example
This type of surgery could even be used to extract cancerous growths.
這種外科手術甚至可以用來切除癌性腫瘤。

periodic

43
中文翻譯
adj.周期的; 定期的; 迴歸的; 間歇的，時而發生的
英文釋義
occurring or recurring at regular intervals
例句 Example
Periodic checks are carried out on the equipment.
設備定期進行檢查。

sequential

44
中文翻譯
adj.按次序的，相繼的，構成連續鏡頭的; 時序; 序貫
英文釋義
of, relating to, or arranged in a sequence : serial
例句 Example
sequential data processing
順序數據處理

helium

45
中文翻譯
n.<化>氦
英文釋義
a chemical element of the noble gas group with atomic number 2 that is found especially in natural gases and used chiefly for inflating airships and balloons, as a coolant for superconductors, and as a component of inert atmospheres (as in welding) —often used before another noun
例句 Example
Helium is a very light gas.
氦是一種非常輕的氣體。

lithium

46
中文翻譯
n.<化>鋰
英文釋義
a chemical element of the alkali metal group that is the lightest metal known and that is used especially in alloys and glass, in mechanical lubricants, and in storage batteries
例句 Example
Lithium has some chemical behavior that resembles the chemistry of Mg.
鋰的某些化學行為類似於Mg的.

beryllium

47
中文翻譯
n.鈹（元素符號Be）
英文釋義
a chemical element of the alkaline earth metal group with atomic number 4 that occurs naturally in minerals such as beryl and is steel-gray in color, light and strong but brittle, and is used chiefly as a hardening agent in alloys
例句 Example
Explain why barium forms peroxide but beryllium does not.
解釋為什麼鋇能形成過氧化物而鈹則不能。

argon

48
中文翻譯
n.氬
英文釋義
a colorless odorless inert gaseous element found in the air and in volcanic gases and used especially in welding, lasers, and electric bulbs
例句 Example
He termed the gas argon.
他把這種氣體叫作氬氣.

stepwise

49
中文翻譯
adj.樓梯式的，逐步的
英文釋義
marked by or proceeding in steps : gradual
例句 Example
Data was analyzed by stepwise discriminant analysis.
資料經變量變換後,采用逐步判彆分析法進行分析.

outermost

50
中文翻譯
adj.最外麵的，離中心最遠的
英文釋義
farthest out
例句 Example
the outermost planet
最遠的行星