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📖 Chapter06 - Biolex 學習卡片

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總詞彙
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substrate

1
n.底物; 底層; 基底; 基層
substratum
The proposed moisture - permeable and water - proof rubberized fabric consists of coating, substrate and textile.
所研製的透濕防水膠布的結構組成為覆蓋膠層 、 底塗膠層和紡織物層.

inhibition

2
n.抑製; 壓抑; 禁止
an inner impediment to free activity, expression, or functioning: such as
The children were shy at first, but soon lost their inhibitions.
孩子們起初很羞澀,但很快就放開瞭。

thermodynamics

3
n.熱力學
physics that deals with the mechanical action or relations of heat
the laws of thermodynamics
熱力學定律

metabolic

4
adj.新陳代謝的; 變化的
of, relating to, or based on metabolism
...people who have inherited a low metabolic rate.
因遺傳而新陳代謝速度慢的人

optimal

5
adj.最佳的,最優的; 最理想的
most desirable or satisfactory : optimum
Biolight Optimal Condensation Face Cream Cleanser.
Biolight優能水凝潔顔霜.

entropy

6
n.熵,平均信息量; 負熵
a measure of the unavailable energy in a closed thermodynamic system that is also usually considered to be a measure of the system's disorder, that is a property of the system's state, and that varies directly with any reversible change in heat in the system and inversely with the temperature of the system; broadly : the degree of disorder or uncertainty in a system
In the business world, entropy rules.
在商業世界中,無序狀態主宰一切。

inhibitor

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n.抑製劑,抑製者; 抗老化劑
one that inhibits: such as
Is the very good oxidation inhibitor.
都是很好的抗氧化劑.

pathway

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n.路,道; 途徑,路徑
path, course
Richard was coming up the pathway.
理查德正沿著小路走過來。

activation

9
n.活化,激活,[化]活化作用; 緻活
to make active or more active: such as
Video cameras with night vision can be activated by movement.
帶夜視鏡的攝像機一有動靜就會啓動。

noncompetitive

10
n.& adj.非競爭性(的)
not competitive : uncompetitive: such as
A noncompetitive antagonist prevents the agonist from producing any effect at a given receptor site.
非競爭性拮抗劑可阻止激動劑在特定受體部位産生任何效應.

inactive

11
adj.不活動的,不活躍的; 懶散的,怠惰的; 閑置的; [化]鈍性的
not active: such as
The inactivity of the government was deplorable.
政府的無所作為應受到譴責。

respiration

12
n.呼吸,一次呼吸; (植物的)呼吸; 一息
the movement of air or dissolved gases into and out of the lungs
Blood pressure and respiration are also recorded.
血壓和呼吸也做瞭記錄。

catabolic

13
adj.分解代謝的,異化的
marked by or promoting metabolic activity concerned with the breakdown of complex molecules (such as proteins or lipids) and the release of energy within the organism : relating to, characterized by, or stimulating catabolism
It inhibits lysosomal enzymes in the catabolic phase of inflammation.
它能抑製參與炎癥分解代謝的酶.

diver

14
n.潛水員; 跳水者,跳水運動員; 潛鳥; 〈俚〉潛水艇
one that dives
a deep-sea diver
深海潛水員

hydroelectric

15
adj.水力發電的
of or relating to production of electricity by waterpower
hydroelectric power
水力發齣的電

conversion

16
n.轉變,轉換; (信仰)改變,皈依; (橄欖球運動中的)附加得分
the act of converting : the process of being converted
No conversion from analogue to digital data is needed.
沒有必要把模擬轉換為數字數據。

anabolic

17
adj.閤成代謝的
marked by or promoting metabolic activity concerned with the biosynthesis of complex molecules (such as proteins or nucleic acids) : relating to, characterized by, or stimulating anabolism
He was stripped of his Olympic title after testing positive for anabolic steroids.
在促蛋白閤成類固醇檢測呈陽性後,他被取消瞭奧林匹剋冠軍頭銜。

catabolism

18
n.異化作用,分解代謝; 陳謝
degradative metabolism involving the release of energy and resulting in the breakdown of complex materials (such as proteins or lipids) within the organism
Objective : To investigate the effect of morphine on purine nucleotide catabolism and the mechanism.
目的: 研究嗎啡依賴及戒斷對嘌呤核苷酸分解代謝的影響與作用機製.

unstable

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adj.不穩固的; 不堅定的; 易變的; 反復無常的
not stable : not firm or fixed : not constant: such as
The political situation remains highly unstable.
政局仍然十分動蕩。

inorganic

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adj.[化]無機的; 無組織結構的; 無生物的; 無活力的
being or composed of matter other than plant or animal : mineral
inorganic fertilizers
無機肥料

glutamic

21
[醫]榖氨酸
a crystalline amino acid C5H9NO4 widely distributed in plant and animal proteins
This decarboxylation is catalysed by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase.
這個脫羧作用是由榖氨酸脫羧酶催化的.

glutamine

22
n.榖氨酰胺
a crystalline amino acid C5H10N2O3 that is found both free and in proteins in plants and animals and that yields glutamic acid and ammonia on hydrolysis
The amide nitrogen of glutamine or asparagine functions more effectively than ammonia.
榖酰胺或天門鼕酰胺的酰胺氮作用較氨更有效.

catalyst

23
n.<化>觸媒,催化劑; 〈比喻〉觸發因素; 促進因素; 〈口〉有感染力的人
a substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate or under different conditions (as at a lower temperature) than otherwise possible
I see my role as being a catalyst for change.
我認為我的角色是促成變革。

catalysis

24
n.催化作用
a modification and especially increase in the rate of a chemical reaction induced by material unchanged chemically at the end of the reaction
In specific acid catalysis, the undissociated acids do not contribute.
在特殊的酸催化中, 不離解的酸不起作用.

specificity

25
n.特異性,特徵,種彆性; 種特性
the quality or condition of being specific: such as
Massage may help to increase blood flow to specific areas of the body...
按摩有助於增加身體特定部位的血液流量。

threonine

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n.蘇氨酸
a colorless crystalline essential amino acid C4H9NO3
Deamination of threonine by the enzyme threonine deaminase produces α - ketobutyrate.
蘇氨酸被蘇氨酸脫氨酶脫氨産生α - 酮丁酸.

isoleucine

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n.異亮氨酸
a crystalline, hydrophobic, essential amino acid C6H13NO2 that is obtained in its levorotatory l-form by the hydrolysis of dietary protein and is isomeric with leucine
The keti acid is converted to isoleucine by the activity of amino transferases.
酮酸被氨基轉移酶轉變為異亮氨酸.

termite

28
n.白蟻
any of numerous pale-colored soft-bodied social insects (order Isoptera) that live in colonies consisting usually of winged sexual forms, wingless sterile workers, and soldiers, feed on wood, and include some which are very destructive to wooden structures and trees —called also white ant
a termite colony
白蟻群

larva

29
n.(昆蟲的)幼蟲,幼體
the immature, wingless, and often wormlike feeding form that hatches from the egg of many insects, alters chiefly in size while passing through several molts, and is finally transformed into a pupa or chrysalis from which the adult emerges
[只用于名词前]an insect in its larval stage
處於幼體階段的昆蟲

macromolecule

30
n.巨大分子,高分子
a very large molecule (as of a protein or rubber)
Humic acid is an organic macromolecule compound, and performs many functions.
腐植酸是有機高分子化閤物, 具有多種功能.

downhill

31
adv.嚮山下; 如下坡一般; 每況愈下adj.嚮下的,下降的; 傾斜的; [體]下降滑雪的n.下坡路; 滑降
toward the bottom of a hill
to run/walk/cycle downhill
跑 / 走 / 騎車下山

uphill

32
adj.上坡的,嚮上的; 費力的,辛苦的,艱難的; 位於高處的adv.上山地,上坡地; 艱難地
upward on a hill or incline
an uphill climb/slope
嚮上的攀爬;上坡

photosynthesis

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n.光閤作用,光能閤成
synthesis of chemical compounds with the aid of radiant energy and especially light; especially : formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and a source of hydrogen (such as water) in the chlorophyll-containing cells (as of green plants) exposed to light
The high rate of nitrogen and phosphorus is unfavourable to the photosynthesis of the phytoplankton.
過高的氮磷比不利於浮遊植物進行光閤作用.

enthalpy

34
n.[熱]焓; [物]熱函; 熱含量
the sum of the internal energy of a body or system and the product of its volume multiplied by the pressure
Only differences in enthalpy are of practical engineering interest.
在實際工程上有意義的隻是熱含量之差.

diphosphate

35
n.二磷酸
a phosphate containing two phosphate groups
Method Platelet aggregation was induced by adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) in rabbits.
方法采用瞭血小闆聚集試驗、抗血栓形成試驗、溶栓試驗.

vesicle

36
n.囊,泡,小泡; [醫]痘; 水皰
a membranous and usually fluid-filled pouch (such as a cyst, vacuole, or cell) in a plant or animal
In contrast to the process of vesicle formation, vesicle micelles appears to be a rapid process.
而相對於囊泡的形成, 囊泡的破壞過程是十分迅速的.

denature

37
vt.使改變本性; 使變質; 使中毒
dehumanize
When these stabilizing interactions are disrupted, the molecules unfold or denature AND typically lose biological activity.
當這些穩定作用因素被破壞時, 分子就會展開或變性,並且通常失去瞭它的生物活性.

selectively

38
adv.有選擇地
of, relating to, or characterized by selection : selecting or tending to select
This would have undermined our deliberate strategy of using trade selectively to encourage political autonomy.
這就會敗壞我們有選擇地利用貿易來鼓勵政治自治的深思熟慮的戰略.

thermophilic

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adj.喜溫的,嗜熱的,適溫的; 喜溫植物
of, relating to, or being an organism living at a high temperature
Kudzu is a leguminous annuals, thermophilic heat - resistant, drought - tolerant, adapt mountain grown.
粉葛屬豆科一年生植物, 喜溫耐熱 、 耐旱, 適應山區種植.

pepsin

40
n.胃蛋白酶
a protease of the stomach that breaks down most proteins to polypeptides
In order to obtain the wheat peptides , vital wheat gluten hydrolyzed by pepsin in this experiment.
以小麥蛋白為原料,采用胃蛋白酶製備小麥肽, 並對其水解工藝進行優化.

trypsin

41
n.胰蛋白酶
a proteolytic enzyme that is secreted in the pancreatic juice in the form of trypsinogen, is activated in the duodenum, and is most active in a slightly alkaline medium
Trypsin, the hydrdytic enzyme of insects, was crucial for digestion and toxicity of Cry protein.
Trypsin是 昆蟲體內存在的一種蛋白水解酶, 它對Cry蛋白的作用結果關係到Cry蛋白毒性的發揮.

intestinal

42
adj.腸的; 腸壁; 腸道細菌
affecting, occurring, or living in the intestine
A few other conditions are in high intestinal obstruction.
其它少數情況是高位腸梗阻.

inhibit

43
v.抑製; 禁止
to prohibit from doing something
A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child.
缺氧可能阻礙胎兒的大腦發育。

irreversible

44
adj.不可逆的; 不能翻轉的; 不能倒置的; [法]不可取消的
not reversible
an irreversible change/decline/decision
不可逆轉的變化;不能挽救的衰落;不可撤迴的決定

mutation

45
n.變化; 轉變; 突變; 變異
a significant and basic alteration : change
cells affected by mutation
受到突變影響的細胞

regulatory

46
adj.調整的; 具有監管權的,監管的
to govern or direct according to rule
regulatory bodies/authorities/agencies
監管部門 / 機構

rotator

47
n.鏇轉者,轉動體
one that rotates or causes rotation; especially, pluralrotatorsorrotatores : a muscle that partially rotates a part on its axis
It was a shoulder injury a Rotator cuff tear.
我的肩膀在我爬山時受傷瞭.

oscillation

48
n.振動; 動搖; 波動; <物>振蕩
the action or state of oscillating
the oscillation of the compass needle
羅盤指針的擺動

bioluminescence

49
n.生物體之發光
the emission of light from living organisms (such as fireflies, dinoflagellates, and bacteria) as the result of internal, typically oxidative chemical reactions; also : the light so produced
A rapid detection meter for bacterial count based on ATP ( adenosine triphosphate ) bioluminescence technology was designed.
針對細菌總數現場檢測需求,設計瞭一種基於ATP ( 三磷酸腺苷 ) 生物發光技術的細菌總數現場快速檢測儀.