← 返回主頁

📖 Chapter07 - Biolex 學習卡片

49
總詞彙
1
當前
0
已學習

plasma

1
中文翻譯
n.血漿; 原生質，細胞質; 乳清; [物]等離子體
英文釋義
a green faintly translucent quartz
例句 Example
Plasma membranes of different cells make contact in all directions but there are no intercalated discs.
各型細胞的漿膜在各方麵上都有接觸,但無潤盤.

mitochondrion

2
中文翻譯
n.綫粒體
英文釋義
any of various round or long cellular organelles of most eukaryotes that are found outside the nucleus, produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes
例句 Example
mitochondrial DNA
綫粒體DNA

apparatus

3
中文翻譯
n.機構，組織; 器械，設備
英文釋義
a set of materials or equipment designed for a particular use
例句 Example
the power of the state apparatus
國傢機關的權力

actin

4
中文翻譯
n.肌動蛋白
英文釋義
a cellular protein found especially in microfilaments (such as those comprising myofibrils) and active in muscular contraction, cellular movement, and maintenance of cell shape
例句 Example
F - actin was labled and examined using fluorescence microscope.
標記F-actin,熒光顯微鏡下觀察.

microscopy

5
中文翻譯
n.顯微鏡（使用）; 顯微手術; 顯微術
英文釋義
the use of or investigation with a microscope
例句 Example
Methods: The ultrastructure of lymphocytes were observed by electron microscopy and the stereological analyzeandthem.
方法: 利用電子顯微鏡觀察低碘大鼠脾髒淋巴細胞的超微結構並進行體視學測量.

endoplasmic

6
中文翻譯
內質的
英文釋義
the inner relatively fluid part of the cytoplasm
例句 Example
Proinsulin is formed on rough endoplasmic reticulun.
胰島素原在粗糙型內質網中閤成.

reticulum

7
中文翻譯
n.網狀組織
英文釋義
the second compartment of the stomach of a ruminant in which folds of the mucous membrane form hexagonal cells
例句 Example
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a system of intracellular membranes.
肌漿網屬於細胞內膜係統.

cytoplasm

8
中文翻譯
n.細胞質，細胞漿
英文釋義
the organized complex of inorganic and organic substances external to the nuclear membrane of a cell and including the cytosol and membrane-bound organelles (such as mitochondria or chloroplasts)
例句 Example
The cytoplasm of TIL was little. The nucleus was round in shape.
電鏡下,可見腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞核大,胞質少, 核較圓.

chromatin

9
中文翻譯
n.染色質; 核染質
英文釋義
a complex chiefly of DNA and histone in eukaryotic cells that is usually dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis and in which the nucleosome makes up its repeating subunits
例句 Example
The DNA of chromatin must replicate before cell division.
染色質DNA在細胞分裂之前必須復製.

matrix

10
中文翻譯
n.<數>矩陣; 模型; 基質; 母體，子宮
英文釋義
something within or from which something else originates, develops, or takes form
例句 Example
the European cultural matrix
歐洲文化的發源地

membranous

11
中文翻譯
adj.膜的，膜狀的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or resembling membrane
例句 Example
Others are born live , after struggling to break free from a membranous egg sac.
其餘的是衝破膜狀蛋囊而齣生的.

vacuole

12
中文翻譯
n.空泡，液泡
英文釋義
a small cavity or space in the tissues of an organism containing air or fluid
例句 Example
The microspore lacks a large central vacuole.
小孢子缺中央大液泡.

chloroplast

13
中文翻譯
n.葉綠體
英文釋義
a plastid that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis
例句 Example
Linoleic acid is the predominant fatty acid in the chloroplast.
亞油酸是葉綠體中主要的脂肪酸.

extracellular

14
中文翻譯
adj.（位於或發生於）細胞外的
英文釋義
situated or occurring outside a cell or the cells of the body
例句 Example
Perhaps the simplest approach to extracellular digestion is that employed by saprophytes.
細胞外消化最簡單途徑也許是腐生生物所利用的方法.

nucleolus

15
中文翻譯
n.核仁
英文釋義
a spherical body of the nucleus of most eukaryotes that becomes enlarged during protein synthesis, is associated with a nucleolus organizer, and contains the DNA templates for ribosomal RNA
例句 Example
Chromosomes 6 and 7 were both nucleolus organizing chromosomes.
第6和第7染色體兩者是組成核仁的染色體.

mitochondrial

16
中文翻譯
綫粒體的
英文釋義
any of various round or long cellular organelles of most eukaryotes that are found outside the nucleus, produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes
例句 Example
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause a wide range of disorders.
綫粒體DNA突變,可以引發多種病變.

motility

17
中文翻譯
n.運動性，自動力; 機動性
英文釋義
the quality or state of being motile : capability of movement
例句 Example
All of these cells exhibit motility .
所有這些細胞均錶現移動性。

cytoplasmic

18
中文翻譯
adj.細胞質的
英文釋義
the organized complex of inorganic and organic substances external to the nuclear membrane of a cell and including the cytosol and membrane-bound organelles (such as mitochondria or chloroplasts)
例句 Example
Turnover of cytoplasmic constituents involves both synthetic and lytic processes.
細胞質組分的周轉既包括閤成也包括分解過程.

myosin

19
中文翻譯
n.肌球蛋白
英文釋義
a fibrous globulin of muscle that can split ATP and that reacts with actin in muscle contraction to form actomyosin
例句 Example
However, MyoD 1, myosin , myoglobin, S 100, desmin , CK, EMA, CD 68 and CD 117 were negative.
而MyoD1 、 myosin 、 myoglobin 、 S-100 、 Des 、 CK 、 EMA 、 CD68以及CD117均(-).

pellet

20
中文翻譯
n.小球; 小子彈; 石彈，炮彈; （貨幣等的）圓浮雕
英文釋義
a usually small rounded, spherical, or cylindrical body (as of food or medicine)
例句 Example
food pellets for chickens
團粒雞食

flagellum

21
中文翻譯
n.鞭毛，鞭子，鞭狀匍匐枝
英文釋義
any of various elongated filiform appendages of plants or animals: such as
例句 Example
It is a flagellum – the tail - like propeller found in single cells.
它是一根鞭子—— 狀 似螺鏇槳的尾巴存在於單個細胞中.

centrosome

22
中文翻譯
n.（細胞的）中心體
英文釋義
centriole
例句 Example
IntroductionThe centrosome is the major microtubule organizing center ( MTOC ) of mammalian cells.
中心體是哺乳類細胞主要的微管組織中心.

hydrolytic

23
中文翻譯
adj.水解的，産生水解（作用）的
英文釋義
a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water
例句 Example
The energy requirement for hydrolytic reactions is considered nil.
水解反應所需的能量被認為是零.

photosynthetic

24
中文翻譯
adj.光閤的，促進光閤作用的
英文釋義
synthesis of chemical compounds with the aid of radiant energy and especially light; especially : formation of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and a source of hydrogen (such as water) in the chlorophyll-containing cells (as of green plants) exposed to light
例句 Example
In some plants photosynthetic products are stored in the form polyfructosans.
在有些植物中,光閤作用産物是以多聚果糖的形式儲藏.

streaming

25
中文翻譯
n.流動; 繞流; 滂沱; 涔涔
英文釋義
the act, the process, or an instance of streaming data or of accessing data that is being streamed
例句 Example
Streaming within comprehensive schools is common practice.
綜閤中學常把學生按能力分班。

doublet

26
中文翻譯
n.緊身上衣，成對的東西
英文釋義
a man's close-fitting jacket worn in Europe especially during the Renaissance
例句 Example
dressed in doublet and hose
穿著緊身衣褲

junction

27
中文翻譯
n.連接，接閤; 會閤點，接閤點; （公路或鐵路的）交叉路口; （電纜等的）主結點
英文釋義
an act of joining : the state of being joined
例句 Example
It was near the junction of City Road and Old Street.
那是在城市路與老街的交叉路口附近。

differential

28
中文翻譯
adj.差彆的; 特意的; [數]微分的; [機，物]差動的n.[數]微分; 差彆; 工資級差; [機]差動器
英文釋義
of, relating to, or constituting a difference : distinguishing
例句 Example
wage/pay/income differentials
工資 / 收入差異

fractionation

29
中文翻譯
n.分彆，分餾法
英文釋義
to separate (a mixture) into different portions especially by a fractional process
例句 Example
These early observations have been supplemented with results from chemical fractionation.
這些早期的觀察曾為化學餾分的結果所增補.

centrifugation

30
中文翻譯
n.離心法，離心過濾
英文釋義
the process of centrifuging
例句 Example
The latex concentration is raised by evaporation or centrifugation.
通過揮發或離心作用提高膠乳的濃度.

lumen

31
中文翻譯
n.流明（光通量單位）; [植物]（管）腔
英文釋義
the cavity of a tubular organ or part
例句 Example
Each has an opening to the colonic lumen through a narrow neck.
每個憩室有一個窄的開口通嚮結腸腔.

phagocytosis

32
中文翻譯
n.吞噬作用，噬菌作用
英文釋義
the engulfing and usually the destruction of particulate matter by phagocytes that serves as an important bodily defense mechanism against infection by microorganisms and against occlusion of mucous surfaces or tissues by foreign particles and tissue debris
例句 Example
Some substances can enter cells by the process of phagocytosis.
某些物質能在吞噬作用過程中進入細胞.

stroma

33
中文翻譯
n.基質
英文釋義
a compact mass of fungal hyphae producing perithecia or pycnidia
例句 Example
The ovarian follicles are embedded in the stroma of the cortex.
卵巢皮質的基質中有許多卵泡.

motile

34
中文翻譯
adj.能動的，顯示活力的n.運動型
英文釋義
exhibiting or capable of movement
例句 Example
Zoospore An asexual motile spore produced by a zoosporangium.
遊動孢子:由遊動孢子囊産生的無性可自由運動的孢子.

macrophage

35
中文翻譯
n.巨噬細胞
英文釋義
a phagocytic tissue cell of the immune system that may be fixed or freely motile, is derived from a monocyte, functions in the destruction of foreign antigens (such as bacteria and viruses), and serves as an antigen-presenting cell
例句 Example
Methods: To weight immune organs, detect macrophage phagocytosis and hemolysin antibody production, lymphocyte transformation and MTT.
方法: 采用免疫重量法計算脾髒和胸腺指數 、 巨噬細胞測定法及溶血素測定法 、 淋巴細胞轉化實驗、MTT法測定.

confocal

36
中文翻譯
adj.共焦的
英文釋義
having the same foci
例句 Example
A novel laser confocal biochip scanner was given in this paper.
本文提齣瞭一種新穎的激光共焦生物芯片掃描儀.

cytology

37
中文翻譯
n.細胞學
英文釋義
a branch of biology dealing with the structure, function, multiplication, pathology, and life history of cells : cell biology
例句 Example
Laparoscopy can be found in the tumor nodules, and to cytology or tissue biopsy diagnosis.
腹腔鏡檢查可發現腫瘤結節, 並可活檢作齣細胞學或組織學診斷.

bacterium

38
中文翻譯
n.細菌（復數為bacteria）
英文釋義
any of a domain (Bacteria) of chiefly round, spiral, or rod-shaped single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms that typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals, that make their own food especially from sunlight or are saprophytic or parasitic, are often motile by means of flagella, reproduce especially by binary fission, and include many important pathogens; broadly : prokaryote
例句 Example
Virus is smaller than bacterium living things, explains once bacterium, its creation, growth growth and structure.
病毒是比細菌小的生物, 解釋一下細菌, 它的産生, 生長,發育及結構.

organelle

39
中文翻譯
n.<生>細胞器
英文釋義
a specialized cellular part (such as a mitochondrion, chloroplast, or nucleus) that has a specific function and is considered analogous to an organ
例句 Example
There are numerous amoeboid nuclei suspended in the organelle - rich cytoplasm.
在富含細胞器的細胞質中,有許多變形核.

pore

40
中文翻譯
n.毛孔; 氣孔; 細孔
英文釋義
to gaze intently
例句 Example
His lawyers are poring over the small print in the contract.
他的律師們正在審閱閤同上的小號字。

histone

41
中文翻譯
n.組蛋白
英文釋義
any of various simple water-soluble proteins that are rich in the basic amino acids lysine and arginine and are complexed with DNA in the nucleosomes of eukaryotic chromatin
例句 Example
Chicken liver chromatin component DNA : RNA : histone: non - histone ratio is 1∶0.
雞肝染色質組成成分DNA∶RNA∶組蛋白∶非組蛋白的質量液度的比值為: 1∶0.

lamina

42
中文翻譯
n.薄闆，薄層，葉片
英文釋義
a thin plate or scale : layer
例句 Example
All cells are attached to the basal lamina, but some do not reach the surface.
全部細胞都附著到基闆, 而有些細胞,不到達錶麵.

discrete

43
中文翻譯
adj.分離的，不相關聯的; 分立式; 非連續
英文釋義
constituting a separate entity : individually distinct
例句 Example
The organisms can be divided into discrete categories.
有機體可分為許多互不相聯的種類。

secrete

44
中文翻譯
vt.[生]分泌; 隱匿，隱藏; 私下侵吞
英文釋義
to form and give off (a secretion)
例句 Example
Insulin is secreted by the pancreas.
胰島素是胰腺分泌的。

secretory

45
中文翻譯
adj.分泌的，能分泌的，促分泌的n.分泌腺，分泌器官
英文釋義
of, relating to, or promoting secretion; also : produced by secretion
例句 Example
Secretory granules are apparently built up from fusion of smaller vesicles.
分泌顆粒顯然是從較小的小泡融閤而成的.

autophagy

46
中文翻譯
n.（細胞的）自我吞噬（作用）
英文釋義
the biological process that involves the enzymatic breakdown of a cell's cytoplasm or cytoplasmic components (such as damaged or unneeded organelles or proteins) within the lysosomes of the same cell
例句 Example
Autophagy, appears to involve an active participation of the vacuolar membranes.
自體吞噬似乎與液泡膜的積極參加有關.

algae

47
中文翻譯
n.水藻; [植] 藻類
英文釋義
any of a diverse group of chiefly photosynthetic and aquatic plantlike organisms that range from unicellular to large multicellular forms, are typically classified as protists, and include the green, yellow-green, brown, golden-brown, and red algae in the eukaryotes and especially formerly the cyanobacteria in the prokaryotes
例句 Example
[只用于名词前] algal blooms/growth
藻花；藻類生長

oxidation

48
中文翻譯
n.氧化
英文釋義
the act or process of oxidizing
例句 Example
Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.
碳化閤物氧化後必然會産生二氧化碳。

specialized

49
中文翻譯
adj.專門的; 專業的; 專用的v.專攻(specialize的過去式和過去分詞)
英文釋義
characterized by or exhibiting biological specialization; especially : highly differentiated especially in a particular direction or for a particular end
例句 Example
specialized equipment
專用設備