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📖 Chapter12 - Biolex 學習卡片

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mitosis

1
中文翻譯
n.有絲分裂，間接核分裂
英文釋義
a process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves typically a series of steps consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
例句 Example
An irregular mitosis is seen in the center.
中央可見病理性核分裂象.

spindle

2
中文翻譯
n.紡錘，紗錠; 軸; 細長的人或物; [生]紡錘體
英文釋義
a round stick with tapered ends used to form and twist the yarn in hand spinning
例句 Example
The thread needs to be wound around the spindle.
綫需纏繞到紗錠上.

kinetochore

3
中文翻譯
n.動粒，著絲粒，著絲點; 原動體
英文釋義
centromere
例句 Example
The distal end of the kinetochore tubule is firmly embedded in the pole.
著絲點微管的末端牢牢地埋入紡錘極.

cytokinesis

4
中文翻譯
n.細胞漿移動，原漿移動
英文釋義
the cytoplasmic changes accompanying mitosis
例句 Example
Cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm after nuclear division ( mitosis or meiosis ).
胞質分裂:隨著核 ( 有絲分裂和減數分裂 ) 分裂之後的細胞質的分裂.

anaphase

5
中文翻譯
n.（細胞分裂的）後期
英文釋義
the stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle
例句 Example
Anaphase bridges were used as indicators of inversion heterozygosity.
用後期橋作為倒位雜閤子性的指標.

metaphase

6
中文翻譯
n.中期，轉位期
英文釋義
the stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes become arranged in the equatorial plane of the spindle
例句 Example
The eight chromosomes were randomly distributed at metaphase I.
在中期Ⅰ8對染色體的分布是無秩序的.

interphase

7
中文翻譯
n.（細胞的）間期，界麵adj.界間的，相間的
英文釋義
the interval between the end of one mitotic or meiotic division and the beginning of another
例句 Example
During interphase the chromosomes are too tenuous to be stained.
在間期中,染色體非常縴細,以緻不能被染色.

mitotic

8
中文翻譯
adj.有絲分裂的，間接核分裂的
英文釋義
of, relating to, involving, or occurring by cellular mitosis
例句 Example
Microtubules have dominated our think about the mitotic mechanisms.
微管促使我的思考有絲分裂的機製.

replication

9
中文翻譯
n.復製，摺疊; 迴答; 反響; [植]反疊
英文釋義
answer, reply
例句 Example
He invited her to his laboratory to see if she could replicate the experiment.
他邀請她到他的實驗室看她能否復製該實驗。

binary

10
中文翻譯
adj.雙重的，由兩個東西組成的; 二態的; 二元的; 二進製的
英文釋義
something made of two things or parts; specifically : binary star
例句 Example
the binary system
二進製

fission

11
中文翻譯
n.<物>（原子的）分裂，裂變; <生>分裂生殖
英文釋義
a splitting or breaking up into parts
例句 Example
The discovery of fission was a seed dropped on fertile ground.
裂變的發現猶如種子落入沃土.

telophase

12
中文翻譯
n.（細胞有絲分裂的）末期; 終期
英文釋義
the final stage of mitosis and of the second division of meiosis in which the spindle disappears and the nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes
例句 Example
Telophase is roughly the reverse of prophase.
末期大緻是早期的逆嚮.

centromere

13
中文翻譯
n.著絲粒著絲點
英文釋義
the point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis
例句 Example
The duplicates are attached to each other at a constricted region called the centromere.
對偶體彼此相連於稱為著絲粒的縮小的區域.

duplication

14
中文翻譯
n.（不必要的）重復
英文釋義
the act or process of duplicating
例句 Example
...unnecessary duplication of resources.
不必要的資源重復

prophase

15
中文翻譯
n.前期，初期，（細胞分裂）早期
英文釋義
the initial stage of mitosis and of the mitotic division of meiosis characterized by the condensation of chromosomes consisting of two chromatids, disappearance of the nucleolus and nuclear membrane, and formation of mitotic spindle
例句 Example
Telophase is roughly the reverse of prophase.
末期大緻是早期的逆嚮.

aster

16
中文翻譯
n.紫菀屬植物; 天體; 碎件; 星體
英文釋義
any of various chiefly fall-blooming leafy-stemmed composite herbs (Aster and closely related genera) with often showy heads containing disk flowers or both disk and ray flowers
例句 Example
The word had harsh force because Aster tended to avoid obscenities.
這個詞非常刺耳,因為埃斯特總是避免說髒話的.

furrow

17
中文翻譯
n.犁溝; 皺紋; 車轍v.犁田，開溝; 使起皺紋
英文釋義
a trench in the earth made by a plow
例句 Example
furrowed fields
犁過的田地

anchorage

18
中文翻譯
n.錨地，泊地; 固定處
英文釋義
a place where vessels anchor : a place suitable for anchoring
例句 Example
anchorage points for a baby's car seat
汽車上嬰兒座位的扣牢點

dependence

19
中文翻譯
n.依靠; 依賴(酒精或藥物); 依存(關係)
英文釋義
the quality or state of being dependent; especially : the quality or state of being influenced or determined by or subject to another
例句 Example
his dependence on his parents
他對父母的依賴

renewal

20
中文翻譯
n.重建，重生; 更新，革新; 重申; 閤同的續訂
英文釋義
the act or process of renewing : repetition
例句 Example
a renewal of interest in traditional teaching methods
對傳統教學法重新産生興趣

somatic

21
中文翻譯
adj.肉體的，軀體的，身體的; 體壁
英文釋義
of, relating to, or affecting the body especially as distinguished from the germplasm
例句 Example
Somatic cells of angiosperms enter a regenerative phase and behave like embryos.
被子植物體細胞進入一個生殖階段,而且其行為象胚.

attached

22
中文翻譯
adj.附加的，附屬的; 依戀的; 愛慕的v.貼上，係，附上( attach的過去式和過去分詞)
英文釋義
connected or joined to something
例句 Example
I've never seen two people so attached to each other.
我從未見過兩個人如此形影不離。

chromatid

23
中文翻譯
n.染色單體
英文釋義
one of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere
例句 Example
METHODSTo determine the sister chromatid exchanges SCE of chronic alcoholism patients by peripheral blood culture.
應用外周全血淋巴細胞培養方法檢測慢性酒精中毒患者淋巴細胞姐妹染色單體交換率.

condensation

24
中文翻譯
n.凝結的水珠; （氣體）冷凝; 簡縮（書）
英文釋義
the act or process of condensing: such as
例句 Example
He used his sleeve to wipe the condensation off the glass.
他用袖子擦掉玻璃上凝結的水珠。

meiosis

25
中文翻譯
n.減數分裂，成熟分裂
英文釋義
the presentation of a thing with underemphasis especially in order to achieve a greater effect : understatement
例句 Example
Cycling meiosis and fertilization events produces a series of transitions between alternating haploid and diploid states.
減數分裂和受精作用的周期甚至産生瞭一個在單倍體階段與二倍體階段來迴交替的過渡序列.

depolymerization

26
中文翻譯
n.解聚（閤）作用
英文釋義
to decompose (macromolecules) into simpler compounds (such as monomers)
例句 Example
This type of degradation is also called depolymerization.
這類降解也可稱作解聚閤.

poleward

27
中文翻譯
adj.嚮南（或北）極的，嚮極的
英文釋義
toward or in the direction of a pole of the earth
例句 Example
Why Do Baroclinic Waves Tilt Poleward with Height?
為什麼斜壓波隨高度嚮極傾斜?

disassemble

28
中文翻譯
vt.解開，分解
英文釋義
to take apart
例句 Example
The concert ended and the crowd disassembled.
音樂會結束，人群便散去瞭。

benign

29
中文翻譯
adj.溫和的; （腫瘤）良性的; 宜人的
英文釋義
of a mild type or character that does not threaten health or life; especially : not becoming cancerous
例句 Example
He smiled benignly.
他露齣瞭和藹的笑容。

metastatic

30
中文翻譯
adj.轉移性的; 變態的; 變形的; 由轉移所緻的
英文釋義
change of position, state, or form
例句 Example
Both lungs will have innumerable metastatic foci and lymphangitic involvement.
雙側肺內齣現無數的轉移病竈和淋巴管性播散.

lymph

31
中文翻譯
n.淋巴（液）; 痘苗; 溪水; 泉水
英文釋義
the sap of plants
例句 Example
[只用于名词前]the lymphatic system
淋巴係統

urchin

32
中文翻譯
n.頑童; 淘氣鬼; <主英><動>蝟; <動>海膽
英文釋義
hedgehog
例句 Example
a dirty little street urchin
骯髒的街頭小乞丐

nonliving

33
中文翻譯
adj.無生命的，缺乏生命
英文釋義
not having, characterized by, or marked by life : not alive or living
例句 Example
The debate whether a virus is living or nonliving leads nowhere.
爭論病毒是生物體還是非生物體是徒勞無益的.

grown

34
中文翻譯
adj.成年的，成熟的; 被…長滿的; 栽培的v.種植(grow的過去分詞); 生長，變成
英文釋義
fully grown : mature
例句 Example
It's pathetic that grown men have to resort to violence like this.
成年人還得這樣訴諸暴力，真可悲。

remarkably

35
中文翻譯
adv.引人注目地，明顯地，非常地; 格外；齣乎意料地
英文釋義
in a remarkable manner
例句 Example
He was a remarkable man...
他是個不同尋常的人。

asexual

36
中文翻譯
adj.無性的，無性欲的; 無性生殖的
英文釋義
lacking sex or functional sex organs
例句 Example
asexual reproduction
無性生殖

sperm

37
中文翻譯
n.精子; 精液; 鯨蠟油
英文釋義
semen
例句 Example
Conception occurs when a single sperm fuses with an egg...
當一個精子和一個卵子結閤時受孕就發生瞭。

replicate

38
中文翻譯
vt.復製，復寫; 重復，反復; 摺轉; [生] 復製
英文釋義
duplicate, repeat
例句 Example
Subsequent experiments failed to replicate these findings.
後來的實驗沒有得齣同樣的結果。

chromosomal

39
中文翻譯
adj.染色體的
英文釋義
any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism; also : the genetic material of a virus
例句 Example
Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA.
tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一樣, 都是染色體DNA的轉錄産物.

german

40
中文翻譯
adj.德國（人）的; 德語的n.德國人; 德語
英文釋義
a native or inhabitant of Germany
例句 Example
Their unit was shelling the German lines only seven miles away.
他們的部隊在炮轟僅有7英裏之遙的德軍防綫。

anatomist

41
中文翻譯
n.解剖學傢，剖析者
英文釋義
a specialist in anatomy
例句 Example
He was an early anatomist, and was interested in geology , astronomy and hydraulics.
他為機器人畫齣機械圖;也是位最早的製圖員之一.

conventionally

42
中文翻譯
adv.按照慣例，照常套，照老例
英文釋義
formed by agreement or compact
例句 Example
People still wore their hair short and dressed conventionally.
人們還留著短發、穿著傳統服飾。

lapse

43
中文翻譯
n.小錯，疏忽; 行為失檢，失足; 流逝; [法]（權利等的）失效，消失vi.退步; 陷入，墮入; 失效，終止; [法]轉歸
英文釋義
a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention
例句 Example
a lapse of concentration/memory
心不在焉；記錯

radial

44
中文翻譯
adj.輻射狀的; 放射式的; 徑嚮的; 星形的n.子午綫輪胎，輻射狀輪胎
英文釋義
arranged or having parts arranged like rays
例句 Example
the radial pattern of public transport facilities
呈輻射狀分布的公共交通設施

array

45
中文翻譯
n.一大批/群; 數列v.布置，排列
英文釋義
to dress or decorate especially in splendid or impressive attire : adorn
例句 Example
a vast array of bottles of different shapes and sizes
一大批形狀大小不一的瓶子

midway

46
中文翻譯
adv.中途地，中間地; 中途，半路
英文釋義
in the middle of the way or distance : halfway
例句 Example
The goal was scored midway through the first half.
上半場中段時攻進一球。