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📖 Chapter17 - Biolex 學習卡片

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codon

1
中文翻譯
n.密碼子，基碼
英文釋義
a specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis —called also triplet
例句 Example
Because of this coding relationship, triplet of bases is called a codon.
由於這種編碼關係, 堿基的三聯體被稱為密碼子.

initiation

2
中文翻譯
n.開始; 啓濛; 入會儀式
英文釋義
the act or an instance of initiating
例句 Example
an initiation ceremony
入會儀式

arginine

3
中文翻譯
n.精氨酸
英文釋義
a crystalline basic amino acid C6H14N4O2 derived from guanidine
例句 Example
Arginine accumulates extensively in some plants as a soluble amino acid.
在某些植物中,精氨酸以可溶性氨基酸大量積纍.

splice

4
中文翻譯
vt.絞接; 撚接（兩段繩子）; 膠接; 粘接（膠片、磁帶等）n.膠接處，粘接處，鉸接處
英文釋義
to unite (two ropes or two parts of a rope) by interweaving the strands
例句 Example
He taught me to edit and splice film...
他教我剪輯和粘接膠片。

exon

5
中文翻譯
外顯子
英文釋義
a polynucleotide sequence in a nucleic acid that codes information for protein synthesis and that is copied and spliced together with other such sequences to form messenger RNA
例句 Example
Four gene polymorphisms were identified in exon 7. They were Gly 551 X ( GGC → GGT ), Arg 554 His ( CGT → CAT ), Gln 567 Arg ( CAA → CGA ) and Val 582 Ile ( GTC → ATC ).
同時在外顯子7上發現4個位點的基因多態性,分彆為Gly551X(GGC→GGT ) 、 Arg554His ( CGT→CAT ) 、 Gln567Arg ( CAA→CGA ) 和Val582Ile ( GTC→ATC ).

promoter

6
中文翻譯
n.助長者; 發起人; 促進者
英文釋義
one that promotes; especially : one who assumes the financial responsibilities of a sporting event (such as a boxing match) including contracting with the principals, renting the site, and collecting gate receipts
例句 Example
She became a leading promoter of European integration.
她成為歐洲一體化的主要支持者。

logos

7
中文翻譯
n.理念，理性，聖子; （某公司或機構的）標識，標誌，徽標( logo的名詞復數 ); [復數]-gos logotype 的縮略形式; [計算機] LOGO 教學語言; 兒童教學語言
英文釋義
the divine wisdom manifest in the creation, government, and redemption of the world and often identified with the second person of the Trinity
例句 Example
They become official sponsors and put their logos on stadium walls.
他們成為正式贊助者,從而能在賽場周圍的牆上掛上他們公司的廣告牌.

ornithine

8
中文翻譯
n.鳥氨酸
英文釋義
a crystalline amino acid C5H12N2O2 that functions especially in urea production as a carrier by undergoing conversion to citrulline and then arginine in reaction with ammonia and carbon dioxide followed by recovery along with urea by enzymatic hydrolysis of arginine
例句 Example
Large amounts of cystine as well as arginine, lysine and ornithine are excreted.
大量的胱氨酸、精氨酸 、 賴氨酸和鳴氨酸被排齣.

nutritional

9
中文翻譯
adj.營養的; 滋養的; 營養品的
英文釋義
the act or process of nourishing or being nourished; specifically : the sum of the processes by which an animal or plant takes in and utilizes food substances
例句 Example
It does sometimes help to know the nutritional content of foods...
知道食物所含的營養成分有時的確有幫助。

precursor

10
中文翻譯
n.前輩，前驅，先鋒，前任; 預兆，先兆，初期形式; [核]前驅波，初級粒子; 預報器
英文釋義
one that precedes and indicates the approach of another
例句 Example
Error is often the precursor of what is correct.
錯誤常常是正確的先導.

poly

11
中文翻譯
n.工藝學校; 聚酯縴維abbr.聚乙烯（全稱polyethylene）
英文釋義
a polymerized plastic or something made of this; especially : a polyester fiber, fabric, or garment
例句 Example
...theatre design students from Birmingham Poly.
來自伯明翰工藝專科學院的劇場設計專業學生

beadle

12
中文翻譯
n.（教區、大學等的）儀仗官
英文釋義
a minor parish official whose duties include ushering and preserving order at services and sometimes civil functions
例句 Example
The grim beadle now made a gesture with his staff.
獄吏此時用權杖做瞭個姿勢.

nonoverlapping

13
中文翻譯
adj.不相重疊的
英文釋義
not overlapping: such as
例句 Example
Overlapping , nonoverlapping and overrelaxation DDM are discussed.
討論瞭重疊DDM 、 非重疊DDM和超鬆弛DDM的 迭代過程及其在EB一 FEM中的應用.

terminator

14
中文翻譯
n.終結者，終結器，明暗界限
英文釋義
the dividing line between the illuminated and the unilluminated part of the moon's or a planet's disk
例句 Example
"Terminator 2" finally made $200 million, which was considered to be the break-even point for the picture.
《終結者2》的票房最終達到瞭兩億美元，被認為是收迴瞭影片的製作成本。

schematic

15
中文翻譯
adj.綱要的; 示意的; 嚴謹的; 有章法的
英文釋義
of or relating to a scheme or schema
例句 Example
a schematic diagram
略圖

initiator

16
中文翻譯
n.創始人; 發起人; 傳授者; 教導者
英文釋義
to cause or facilitate the beginning of : set going
例句 Example
...one of the major initiators of the tumultuous changes in Eastern Europe.
東歐劇變主要的發起者之一

translational

17
中文翻譯
平動，平移，直綫
英文釋義
an act, process, or instance of translating: such as
例句 Example
The spacing of translational energy levels is very small.
平動的能級間隔極少.

inability

18
中文翻譯
n.無能，無力; 無纔能; 無能為力
英文釋義
lack of sufficient power, resources, or capacity
例句 Example
Some families go without medical treatment because of their inability to pay.
有些傢庭因無力支付醫療費用而得不到醫治。

deficient

19
中文翻譯
adj.不足的，缺乏的; 有缺陷的
英文釋義
lacking in some necessary quality or element
例句 Example
Deaf people are sometimes treated as being mentally deficient.
耳聾的人有時被看作智力不健全。

valine

20
中文翻譯
n.纈氨酸
英文釋義
a crystalline essential amino acid C5H11NO2 that is one of the building blocks of plant and animal proteins
例句 Example
In plant cells the principal precursor of alanine , as well as leucine and valine, is pyruvate.
植樹細胞中丙氨酸和亮氨酸 、 纈氨酸的主要前體是丙酮酸.

lysine

21
中文翻譯
n.賴氨酸
英文釋義
a crystalline essential amino acid C6H14N2O2 obtained from the hydrolysis of various proteins
例句 Example
Cottonseed meal is deficient in lysine, methionine and leucine.
?澍宸廴狽?蛋彼幔0蛋氨酸和亮氨酸.

dogma

22
中文翻譯
n.教條，信條，教義
英文釋義
something held as an established opinion; especially : a definite authoritative tenet
例句 Example
political/religious/party dogma
政治 / 宗教 / 政黨信條

triplet

23
中文翻譯
n.三胞胎之一; 三個一組; 三聯體（碼）; 三連音符
英文釋義
one of three offspring produced in the same pregnancy
例句 Example
Passive positioning with triplet linear array is a very useful method for target detecting.
采用三元綫陣進行被動定位是目標檢測中常用的方法.

firefly

24
中文翻譯
n.螢火蟲
英文釋義
any of various winged nocturnal beetles (especially family Lampyridae) that produce a bright soft intermittent light by oxidation of luciferin especially for courtship purposes
例句 Example
We can capture a butterfly, at night can capture a firefly!
我們可以捉蝴蝶, 在晚上還可以捉螢火蟲呢!

jellyfish

25
中文翻譯
n.水母; 海蜇; 軟弱無用的人; 意誌薄弱的人
英文釋義
the typically free-swimming, bell-shaped, usually sexually-reproducing solitary or colonial form of a cnidarian in which the whorls of tentacles lined with nematocysts arise and hang down from the margin of the nearly transparent, gelatinous bell : medusa; especially : a large medusa characteristic of the siphonophores and scyphozoans (such as the sea nettle or box jellyfish)
例句 Example
You can get a nasty sting from a jellyfish.
你可能會被水母狠狠地蜇一下.

rewound

26
中文翻譯
v.倒迴（影片、錄音帶等）( rewind的過去式和過去分詞 ); [醫]倒片裝置，反繞
英文釋義
to wind again; especially : to reverse the winding of
例句 Example
Waddington rewound the tape and played the message again.
沃丁頓把錄音帶倒迴去，把留言又放瞭一遍。

downstream

27
中文翻譯
adv.在下遊地; 順流地adj.順流而下的; 在下遊方嚮的
英文釋義
in the direction of or nearer to the mouth of a stream
例句 Example
These dams have restricted the flow of the river downstream.
這些堤壩限製瞭河水順流而下。

upstream

28
中文翻譯
adv.嚮上遊; 逆流地
英文釋義
in the direction opposite to the flow of a stream
例句 Example
The nearest town is about ten miles upstream.
最近的城鎮大約在沿河嚮上十英裏處。

alteration

29
中文翻譯
n.變化; 改動
英文釋義
the act or process of altering something : the state of being altered
例句 Example
major/minor alterations
大 / 小改變

consequently

30
中文翻譯
adv.因此; 結果
英文釋義
as a result : in view of the foregoing : accordingly
例句 Example
This poses a threat to agriculture and the food chain, and consequently to human health.
這會對農業和食物鏈造成威脅，由此而危及人的健康。

modular

31
中文翻譯
adj.模的; （尤指英國大學裏的課程 ）分單元的（由獨立單元組成，學生可選修）; （機器、建築等）組閤式的; 模塊化的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or based on a module or a modulus
例句 Example
a modular course
單元課程

shuffle

32
中文翻譯
vt.洗牌; 曳腳而行; 搬移; 擱置，隨手放vi.曳腳走; 跳曳步舞; 移動; 推諉n.洗牌，混亂，濛混; 拖著腳走
英文釋義
to mix in a mass confusedly : jumble
例句 Example
He shuffled across the room to the window.
他拖著腳走到房間那頭的窗戶跟前。

cloverleaf

33
中文翻譯
n.（道路的）苜蓿葉式立體交叉，四葉式立體交叉
英文釋義
resembling a clover leaf in shape
例句 Example
The cloverleaf intersection being built is designed by a young man.
那座正在興建的立交橋是一位年輕人設計的.

wobble

34
中文翻譯
vt.& vi.<使>晃動; <使>搖擺不定; 顫動n.搖動，晃動; 不穩定
英文釋義
to move or proceed with an irregular rocking or staggering motion or unsteadily and clumsily from side to side
例句 Example
This chair wobbles.
這把椅子不穩。

inactivate

35
中文翻譯
v.使不活潑，阻止活動
英文釋義
to make inactive
例句 Example
Moistened flakes are heated to inactivate the antinutritional factors.
濕潤的薄片需加熱,以鈍化抗營養的因素.

methionine

36
中文翻譯
n.蛋氨酸，甲硫氨酸
英文釋義
a crystalline sulfur-containing essential amino acid C5H11NO2S that occurs in the levorotatory form as a constituent of many proteins
例句 Example
Homoserine has also been implicated in the biosynthesis of methionine.
同型絲氨酸也牽涉到蛋氨酸的生物閤成.

expenditure

37
中文翻譯
n.花費; 消耗
英文釋義
the act or process of expending
例句 Example
the expenditure of emotion
感情耗費

tenth

38
中文翻譯
n.第十; 十分之一
英文釋義
one that is number ten in a series
例句 Example
We received only two tenths of an inch of rain during the entire month of June.
整個 6 月，我們這裏的降水量隻有0.2英寸。

cleave

39
中文翻譯
v.劈開; 緊貼; 迅速穿過; 信守
英文釋義
to adhere firmly and closely or loyally and unwaveringly
例句 Example
a ship cleaving through the water
破浪前進的船

halting

40
中文翻譯
adj.跛的; 蹣跚的; 躊躇的; 遲疑不決的v.（使）停下來( halt的現在分詞 )
英文釋義
marked by a lack of sureness or effectiveness
例句 Example
‘Well… ’ she began haltingly.
“唔…”她開始結結巴巴地講話。

conformation

41
中文翻譯
n.構造
英文釋義
the act of conforming or producing conformity : adaptation
例句 Example
Concerning the disposal of cognition error of facts, this article affirms theory of abstract statutory conformation.
關於事實認識錯誤的處理, 應當主張抽象的法定符閤說.

streamline

42
中文翻譯
vt.把…做成流綫型; 使現代化; 組織; 使簡單化
英文釋義
the path of a particle in a fluid relative to a solid body past which the fluid is moving in smooth flow without turbulence
例句 Example
The cars all have a new streamlined design.
這些汽車都是流綫型新款。

adverse

43
中文翻譯
adj.不利的; 有害的; 反麵的
英文釋義
acting against or in a contrary direction : hostile
例句 Example
They have attracted strong adverse criticism.
他們已招緻強烈非難。

redundancy

44
中文翻譯
n.過多，過剩; 冗長; 裁員; （機器的）多餘度
英文釋義
the quality or state of being redundant : superfluity
例句 Example
Thousands of factory workers are facing redundancy.
數韆名工廠工人麵臨裁汰。

nonfunctional

45
中文翻譯
[醫]無功能的
英文釋義
not functional: such as
例句 Example
If a product's shape or style or features are arbitrary and nonfunctional.
如果一産品的形狀、式樣或特徵是任意的且不具備功能性的.

insertion

46
中文翻譯
n.插入（物）
英文釋義
something that is inserted: such as
例句 Example
An examination is carried out before the insertion of the tube.
插入導管前先要進行檢查。

carcinogenic

47
中文翻譯
adj.緻癌的
英文釋義
producing or tending to produce cancer
例句 Example
Many PAHs are carcinogenic or are suspected to be carcinogenic.
其主要來源於煤的不完全燃燒,也有相當部分來源於汽車尾氣的排放.

thee

48
中文翻譯
pron.<古>(thou的賓格)你
英文釋義
—used especially in ecclesiastical or literary language and by Friends especially among themselves in contexts where the objective case form would be expected
例句 Example
He would sign off each week with the catch-phrase, "I'llsee thee!"
每周結束節目時他都會說那句經典的話，“下周見！”。