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📖 Chapter21 - Biolex 學習卡片

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總詞彙
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specie

1
中文翻譯
n.硬幣; 鑄幣
英文釋義
money in coin
例句 Example
Such treachery should be repaid in specie.
對這種奸詐應以同樣的方式加以迴報.

modification

2
中文翻譯
n.修改，修正，變更，改良，改進，緩和，減輕，限製; [語]修飾，（用變音符號的）母音改變; [生]誘發變異，變態，變體，變型
英文釋義
the limiting of a statement : qualification
例句 Example
Considerable modification of the existing system is needed.
需要對現有的係統進行相當大的改進。

evolutionary

3
中文翻譯
adj.進化的，發展的
英文釋義
descent with modification from preexisting species : cumulative inherited change in a population of organisms through time leading to the appearance of new forms : the process by which new species or populations of living things develop from preexisting forms through successive generations; also : the scientific theory explaining the appearance of new species and varieties through the action of various biological mechanisms (such as natural selection, genetic mutation or drift, and hybridization)
例句 Example
evolutionary theory
進化論

beagle

4
中文翻譯
n.獵兔犬
英文釋義
any of a breed of small short-legged smooth-coated often black, white, and tan hounds
例句 Example
Beagle belong in Disneyland, they are the happiest dogs on earth.
比格犬屬於迪斯尼樂園, 它們是世界上最快樂的狗.

stratum

5
中文翻譯
n.岩層; 地層; 社會階層
英文釋義
a bed or layer artificially made
例句 Example
people from all social strata
來自不同社會階層的人

aureus

6
中文翻譯
n.奧裏斯（古羅馬和羅馬帝國的基本金質貨幣單位）
英文釋義
a gold coin of ancient Rome varying in weight from 1/3₀ to 1/70 libra
例句 Example
Furunculosis is usually due to Staphylococcus aureus.
癤病常常由金黃色葡萄球菌所引起.

anatomical

7
中文翻譯
adj.結構（上）的，解剖的
英文釋義
of or relating to anatomy or the body structure of organisms
例句 Example
That was an anatomical model of the human body for use in teaching.
那是個用於教學的人體解剖模型。

pelvis

8
中文翻譯
n.[解]骨盆
英文釋義
a basin-shaped structure in the skeleton of many vertebrates that is formed by the pelvic girdle and adjoining bones of the spine; also : pelvic cavity
例句 Example
[只用于名词前]the pelvic bones
骨盆骨

ancestry

9
中文翻譯
n.世係; 血統
英文釋義
line of descent : lineage; especially : honorable, noble, or aristocratic descent
例句 Example
to have Scottish ancestry
祖籍蘇格蘭

vertebrate

10
中文翻譯
n.脊椎動物adj.有脊椎的，脊椎動物的
英文釋義
any of a subphylum (Vertebrata) of chordates that comprises animals (such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes) typically having a bony or cartilaginous spinal column which replaces the notochord, a distinct head containing a brain which arises as an enlarged part of the nerve cord, and an internal usually bony skeleton and that includes some primitive forms (such as lampreys) in which the spinal column is absent and the notochord persists throughout life
例句 Example
Both groups share two attributes normally associated with vertebrates.
兩組都具有通常脊椎動物纔具備的兩個特徵。

extinction

11
中文翻譯
n. 滅絕，消亡
英文釋義
the act of making extinct or causing to be extinguished
例句 Example
a tribe threatened with extinction/in danger of extinction
麵臨消亡威脅 / 有消亡危險的部落

heritable

12
中文翻譯
adj.可遺傳的，可繼承的
英文釋義
capable of being inherited or of passing by inheritance
例句 Example
Molecular evolution programs are heavy on bodies but skimpy on heritable information.
分子進化程序對物體而言很有分量,對遺傳信息而言分量不足.

homology

13
中文翻譯
n.相同，同族關係，異體同形
英文釋義
a similarity often attributable to common origin
例句 Example
Its homology with HSL from GenBank was up to 100 %.
序列同源性比較錶明,該基因序列與genbank登錄 的HSL基因 (AY686758)有高達100%的同源性.

biogeography

14
中文翻譯
n.生物地理學（研究動植物的地理分布）
英文釋義
a science that deals with the geographical distribution of animals and plants
例句 Example
BPA ( brooks parsimony analysis ) is one of the most popular methods in the study of historical biogeography.
BPA ( brooksparsimonyanalysis ) 是曆史生物地理學研究的重要分析方法之一,在過去的20年內得以發展和完善.

homologous

15
中文翻譯
adj.相應的; 類似的; 一緻的; 同源的
英文釋義
having the same relative position, value, or structure: such as
例句 Example
The seal's flipper is homologous with the human arm.
海豹的鰭肢與人類的手臂同源。

unchanging

16
中文翻譯
adj.不變的，恒常的
英文釋義
constant, invariable
例句 Example
unchanging truths
永恒的真理

sedimentary

17
中文翻譯
adj.沉積的，沉澱性的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or containing sediment
例句 Example
sedimentary rocks
沉積岩

geologic

18
中文翻譯
adj.地質（學）的，地質（學）上的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or based on geology
例句 Example
Geologic evidence shows that most faults have had repeated movement on them.
地質形跡錶明,大多數斷層有反復運動.

inheritance

19
中文翻譯
n.繼承; 遺傳; 遺産
英文釋義
something that is or may be inherited
例句 Example
She spent all her inheritance in a year.
她在一年之內用完瞭所有繼承的遺産。

equator

20
中文翻譯
n.赤道
英文釋義
the great circle of the celestial sphere whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of the earth
例句 Example
The islands are rightfully proud of their location on the equator.
加拉帕戈斯群島位於赤道之上,它完全有理由為此自豪.

reproduction

21
中文翻譯
n.繁殖，生殖; 再生産，再現，[心]再生作用; 復製品
英文釋義
the act or process of reproducing; specifically : the process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring and which fundamentally consists of the segregation of a portion of the parental body by a sexual or an asexual process and its subsequent growth and differentiation into a new individual
例句 Example
sexual reproduction
有性生殖

ancestral

22
中文翻譯
adj.祖先的; 與祖先有關的; 祖宗傳下的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or inherited from an ancestor
例句 Example
...the family's ancestral home in southern Germany.
這個傢族在德國南部的祖居

related

23
中文翻譯
adj.相關的; 有親屬關係的; 同類的
英文釋義
connected by reason of an established or discoverable relation
例句 Example
Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.
這一地區的許多犯罪都與吸毒有關。

faster

24
中文翻譯
adj.更快的; 快的( fast的比較級 ); 走得快; 感光快的; [攝影術]快動作的（鏡頭）adv.更快地
英文釋義
firmly fixed
例句 Example
Stars appeared everywhere, spinning round and round, faster and faster.
滿眼金星亂轉，而且越轉越快。

advantageous

25
中文翻譯
adj.有利的; 有好處的
英文釋義
giving an advantage : favorable
例句 Example
A free trade agreement would be advantageous to both countries.
自由貿易協定對兩國都會有利。

penicillin

26
中文翻譯
n.青黴素，盤尼西林
英文釋義
any of several relatively nontoxic antibiotic acids of the general formula C9H11N2O4SR that are produced by molds (genus Penicillium and especially P. notatum or P. chrysogenum) or synthetically and are used especially against gram-positive cocci; also : a mixture of such acids
例句 Example
Forget about penicillin , digital computers and even the Big Bang, fads all of them.
忘掉青黴素 、 計算機,甚至大爆炸吧, 跳過所有那些風行的問題.

enzyme

27
中文翻譯
n.[生化]酶
英文釋義
any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures
例句 Example
Tampering with a single enzyme can lead to untoward effects elsewhere.
破壞一種酶可能會導緻在彆處齣現異常。

molecular

28
中文翻譯
adj.分子的，由分子組成的
英文釋義
of, relating to, consisting of, or produced by molecules
例句 Example
...the molecular structure of fuel.
燃料的分子結構

anal

29
中文翻譯
adj.肛門的; 直腸的; 肛門附近的
英文釋義
of, relating to, situated near, or involving the anus
例句 Example
the anal region
肛門區

embryo

30
中文翻譯
n.<生>胚，胚胎; 胚芽; 初期
英文釋義
an animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems; especially : the developing human individual from the time of implantation to the end of the eighth week after conception
例句 Example
human embryos
人的胚胎

convergent

31
中文翻譯
adj.會閤的; 逐漸減小的; 趨同的; （思維）幅閤的
英文釋義
tending to move toward one point or to approach each other : converging
例句 Example
A curved-inwards wall has a convergent effect on wall spray.
凹型壁麵對碰壁噴霧有聚集作用。

analogous

32
中文翻譯
adj.相似的; 可比擬的
英文釋義
similar or comparable to something else either in general or in some specific detail : similar in a way that invites comparison : showing an analogy or a likeness that permits one to draw an analogy
例句 Example
Sleep has often been thought of as being in some way analogous to death.
人們常常認為睡眠在某種意義上來說類似死亡。

toed

33
中文翻譯
adj.有趾的，斜著釘進去的
英文釋義
having a toe or toes especially of a specified kind or number —usually used in combination
例句 Example
He tip-toed to the door in his stockinged feet.
他踮著腳尖走到門口，隻穿著襪子沒穿鞋。

hind

34
中文翻譯
adj.（常指動物腿）後麵的; 在後的; （通常與can或could連用）嘮叨不停; 滔滔不絕n.雌鹿; 石斑魚; <古>鄉下人; <英>有經驗的農場工人
英文釋義
the female of the red deer
例句 Example
The horse reared up on its hind legs.
那匹馬後腿前立，站瞭起來。

cetacean

35
中文翻譯
n.鯨目動物adj.鯨目動物的
英文釋義
any of an order (Cetacea) of aquatic mostly marine mammals that includes the whales, dolphins, porpoises, and related forms and that have a torpedo-shaped nearly hairless body, paddle-shaped forelimbs but no hind limbs, one or two nares opening externally at the top of the head, and a horizontally flattened tail used for locomotion
例句 Example
An extraordinary effort , but this is no ordinary cetacean.
這項工作異常艱巨, 因為這是一頭非同尋常的鯨魚.

archipelago

36
中文翻譯
n.群島，列島; 多島嶼的海
英文釋義
an expanse of water with many scattered islands
例句 Example
...the Azores, a rugged, volcanic archipelago of nine islands.
亞速爾群島，由9個小島組成的多岩石的火山群島

gradualism

37
中文翻譯
n.漸進主義，按步就班主義
英文釋義
the policy of approaching a desired end by gradual stages
例句 Example
Gradualism dictates the Chinese approach to most policy measures.
中國多數情況下會循序漸進地推行政策措施.

geology

38
中文翻譯
n.地質學; （某地區的）地質情況; 地質學的著作
英文釋義
a science that deals with the history of the earth and its life especially as recorded in rocks
例句 Example
the geology of the British Isles
不列顛群島的地質

endless

39
中文翻譯
adj.無止境的; 無窮盡的; 永久的; 環狀的
英文釋義
being or seeming to be without end
例句 Example
an endless loop of tape
環狀帶

mantis

40
中文翻譯
n.螳螂
英文釋義
any of an order or suborder (Mantodea and especially family Mantidae) of large usually green insects that feed on other insects and clasp their prey in forelimbs held up as if in prayer
例句 Example
The black mantis had disappeared.
黑螳螂消失瞭.

biotic

41
中文翻譯
adj.關於生命的，生物的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or caused by living organisms
例句 Example
From our study, we verified that plants did not response to biotic and abiotic stress independently.
本研究證實瞭植物對生物與非生物的脅迫作齣的響應並非相對獨立的兩個過程.

abiotic

42
中文翻譯
adj.無生命的，非生物的
英文釋義
not biotic : abiological
例句 Example
abiotic processes
非生物過程

binomial

43
中文翻譯
n.二項式; 雙名詞組（由and連接的一對名詞，兩個名詞的前後順序不變，如knife and fork）
英文釋義
a mathematical expression consisting of two terms connected by a plus sign or minus sign
例句 Example
The binomial coefficients are ubiquitous in Combinational Theory.
二項係數在組閤論中有普遍的應用.

homo

44
中文翻譯
n.<拉>人，人類（學名）; 〈美俚〉同“homosexual”
英文釋義
any of a genus (Homo) of hominids that includes modern humans (H. sapiens) and several extinct related species (such as H. erectus and H. habilis)
例句 Example
What distinguishes homo sapiens from every other living creature is the mind.
智人和其他生物的區彆在於大腦。

paleontology

45
中文翻譯
n.古生物學
英文釋義
a science dealing with the life of past geologic periods as known from fossil remains
例句 Example
Engaged in paleontology , geology, glaciology, and the mechanics of research and teaching.
從事古生物學 、 冰川學和地質力學的研究和教學工作.

catastrophic

46
中文翻譯
adj.災難性的; 糟糕的
英文釋義
a momentous tragic event ranging from extreme misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin
例句 Example
His mother's untimely death had a catastrophic effect on him.
他母親的早逝給瞭他沉重的打擊。