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📖 Chapter41 - Biolex 學習卡片

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總詞彙
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gland

1
中文翻譯
n.<解>腺; [機]密封壓蓋，填料蓋
英文釋義
a specialized cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin that selectively removes materials from the blood, concentrates or alters them, and secretes them for further use in the body or for elimination from the body
例句 Example
Her mother has an underactive adrenal gland.
她的母親腎上腺機能不全.

parathyroid

2
中文翻譯
adj.副甲狀腺的
英文釋義
parathyroid gland
例句 Example
Hypomagnesemia interferes with the effects of parathyroid hormone, resulting in hypocalcemia.
低鎂會影響甲狀旁腺激素的作用, 導緻低鈣,也可低鉀.

oxytocin

3
中文翻譯
n.後葉催産素（腦下垂體後葉荷爾濛的一種）
英文釋義
a pituitary octapeptide hormone C43H66N12O12S2 that stimulates especially the contraction of uterine muscle and the secretion of milk
例句 Example
Oxytocin causes the expression of stored milk; prolactin orders more.
催産素産生貯存的乳汁; 催乳素催發齣更多的乳汁.

duodenum

4
中文翻譯
n.十二指腸
英文釋義
the first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum
例句 Example
a duodenal ulcer
十二指腸潰瘍

secretin

5
中文翻譯
n.分泌素
英文釋義
an intestinal proteinaceous hormone capable of stimulating secretion by the pancreas and liver
例句 Example
Gastrin and cholecystokinin and secretin act on the same target organs.
促胃液素、縮膽囊素和分泌素作用於相同的靶器官.

medulla

6
中文翻譯
n.（拉丁語）骨髓; 髓質
英文釋義
bone marrow
例句 Example
The descending vasa recta run in bundles into the medulla.
直血管降支呈束狀進入髓質.

pineal

7
中文翻譯
n.鬆果腺；鬆果體
英文釋義
of, relating to, or secreted by the pineal gland
例句 Example
A head injury can also activate the Third Eye - Pineal Gland.
頭受傷也能刺激第三隻眼睛 - 鬆果體.

mammary

8
中文翻譯
adj.乳房的，乳腺的
英文釋義
of, relating to, lying near, or affecting the mammae
例句 Example
Objective : To investigate the progress of MRI diagnosis in mammary cancer.
目的: 探討MRI診斷乳腺癌的研究進展.

estrogen

9
中文翻譯
n.雌激素
英文釋義
any of various natural steroids (such as estradiol) that are formed from androgen precursors, that are secreted chiefly by the ovaries, placenta, adipose tissue, and testes, and that stimulate the development of female secondary sex characteristics and promote the growth and maintenance of the female reproductive system; also : any of various synthetic or semisynthetic steroids (such as ethinyl estradiol) that mimic the physiological effect of natural estrogens
例句 Example
Objective To synthesize raloxifene hydrochloride, which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator.
目的閤成選擇性雌激素受體調節劑鹽酸雷洛昔芬.

suckle

10
中文翻譯
vt.& vi.給…喂奶
英文釋義
to give milk to from the breast or udder
例句 Example
So good, ask you to drink the strong tea that did not suckle!
那麼好吧, 就請你喝沒奶的濃茶吧!

prolactin

11
中文翻譯
n.催乳激素; 催乳素
英文釋義
a protein hormone of the anterior lobe of the pituitary that induces lactation
例句 Example
Nursing stimulates further production of prolactin and, therefore, of milk.
哺乳本身刺激催乳激素的産生, 從而生産更多的乳汁.

vasodilation

12
中文翻譯
n.血管舒張
英文釋義
widening of the lumen of blood vessels
例句 Example
Vasodilation: leads to greater blood flow to the area of inflammation, resulting in redness and heat.
血管擴張: 炎癥竈血流量增加使得局部紅、熱.

thyroxine

13
中文翻譯
n.甲狀腺素，甲狀腺氨酸
英文釋義
an iodine-containing hormone C15H11I4NO4 that is an amino acid produced by the thyroid gland as a product of the cleavage of thyroglobulin, increases metabolic rate, and is used to treat thyroid disorders —called also T4
例句 Example
After 65 days , serum thiiodothronine ( T 3 ), thyroxine ( T 4 ) and thyroid - stimulating ( TSH ) were analyzed by enzyme exaggeration radioimmunoassays.
用酶放大 化學發光 免疫分析法檢測大鼠血清中的甲狀腺素T3 、 T4和促甲狀腺素 ( TSH ) 水平.

adrenaline

14
中文翻譯
n.<生化>腎上腺素; <喻>刺激物; 激勵因素; 一陣興奮（或激動）
英文釋義
epinephrine
例句 Example
The applause acted on her like a shot of adrenaline.
掌聲猶如給她注射瞭一支強心劑.

stressful

15
中文翻譯
adj.有壓力的
英文釋義
full of or tending to induce stress
例句 Example
a stressful job
造成沉重壓力的工作

bicarbonate

16
中文翻譯
n.重碳酸鹽
英文釋義
an acid carbonate
例句 Example
The sodium bicarbonate is not the as sodium chloride ( cooking salt ).
碳酸氫鈉是不一樣的氯化鈉 ( 食用鹽 ).

corpus

17
中文翻譯
n.全集，文集; 資金，本金; [計]語料庫; 器官
英文釋義
the body of a human or animal especially when dead
例句 Example
the whole corpus of Renaissance poetry
文藝復興時期詩歌的總匯

progesterone

18
中文翻譯
n.孕酮; 孕激素; 黃體酮; 孕甾酮
英文釋義
a female steroid sex hormone C21H30O2 that is secreted by the corpus luteum to prepare the endometrium for implantation and later by the placenta during pregnancy to prevent rejection of the developing embryo or fetus; also : a synthetic steroid resembling progesterone in action
例句 Example
If the egg is not fertilised oestrogen and progesterone decrease.
如果卵細胞沒有受精，雌激素和黃體荷爾濛就會下降。

gonadotropin

19
中文翻譯
n.促性腺激素
英文釋義
a gonadotropic hormone (such as follicle-stimulating hormone)
例句 Example
Serum alpha - fetoprotein ( AFP ) and beta - human chorionic gonadotropin ( � � - HCG ) levels were elevated.
外科手術切除部份腫瘤並做病理檢查發現符閤為胚胎 瘤 的變化.

solely

20
中文翻譯
adv.唯一地; 僅僅; 獨一無二地; 純粹
英文釋義
to the exclusion of all else
例句 Example
She was motivated solely by self-interest.
她完全是齣於私利。

nitric

21
中文翻譯
adj.（尤指在五價狀態下）氮的，含氮的
英文釋義
a corrosive liquid inorganic acid HNO3 used especially as an oxidizing agent, in nitrations, and in making organic compounds (such as fertilizers, explosives, and dyes)
例句 Example
When nitric acid is poured on copper, a brown vapor gives off.
將硝酸倒在銅上, 會散發齣一種棕色的蒸氣.

oxide

22
中文翻譯
n.[化]氧化物
英文釋義
a binary compound of oxygen with a more electropositive element or group
例句 Example
iron oxide
氧化鐵

synapses

23
中文翻譯
n.<生>（神經元的）突觸( synapse的名詞復數 ); 染色體結閤( synapsis的名詞復數 ); 聯會; 突觸; （神經元的）觸處
英文釋義
the association of homologous chromosomes that is characteristic of the first meiotic prophase
例句 Example
Nerve cells communicate with one another at the synapses, where their membranes almost touch.
神經細胞在突觸部位彼此溝通, 在這裏它們的膜幾乎接觸到一起瞭.

ductless

24
中文翻譯
adj.無管的
英文釋義
a bodily tube or vessel especially when carrying the secretion of a gland
例句 Example
Endocrinology is defined as the study of the ductless or endocrine glands and their internal secretions.
內分泌學的定義是:研究無管腺或稱內分泌腺及它們的內分泌的科學.

exocrine

25
中文翻譯
adj.（腺）外分泌的
英文釋義
producing, being, or relating to a secretion that is released outside its source
例句 Example
exocrine glands
外分泌腺

salivary

26
中文翻譯
adj.唾液的，分泌唾液的; 唾腺
英文釋義
of or relating to saliva or the glands that secrete it; especially : producing or carrying saliva
例句 Example
It continues with congenital and acquired salivary dysfunction, including the goals for restoration of gland function.
它繼續先天並且獲得的唾液的機能失調, 包括腺功能的恢復的目標.

pancreatic

27
中文翻譯
adj.胰腺的
英文釋義
a large lobulated gland of vertebrates that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon
例句 Example
...pancreatic juices.
胰液

neuron

28
中文翻譯
n.神經元; 神經細胞
英文釋義
a grayish or reddish granular cell that is the fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue transmitting and receiving nerve impulses and having cytoplasmic processes which are highly differentiated frequently as multiple dendrites or usually as solitary axons which conduct impulses to and away from the cell body : nerve cell
例句 Example
Information is transferred along each neuron by means of an electrical impulse.
信息在電脈衝作用下經神經元傳遞。

loop

29
中文翻譯
n.圈，環; [醫]宮內避孕環; 迴路; 彎麯部分v.（使）成環，（使）成圈; 以環連結; 使翻筋鬥
英文釋義
a curving or doubling of a line so as to form a closed or partly open curve within itself through which another line can be passed or into which a hook may be hooked
例句 Example
The road went in a huge loop around the lake.
那條路環湖繞瞭一個大圈。

molt

30
中文翻譯
vt.& vi.換羽，脫毛n.換羽期，脫毛期
英文釋義
to shed hair, feathers, shell, horns, or an outer layer periodically
例句 Example
This veterinary product is very effective in preventing animal molt.
這種獸藥對於防治獸類掉毛很有效.

cerebrum

31
中文翻譯
n.<解>大腦
英文釋義
brain
例句 Example
Results All of the cases were chronic cerebral granuloma of schistosomiasis and showed as cerebrum.
結果均為慢性腦型血吸蟲病肉芽腫型,錶現為腦瘤型.

thalamus

32
中文翻譯
n.丘腦，室，花托
英文釋義
the largest subdivision of the diencephalon that consists chiefly of an ovoid mass of nuclei in each lateral wall of the third ventricle and serves chiefly to relay impulses and especially sensory impulses to and from the cerebral cortex
例句 Example
It is divided into two parts, the lateral and medial thalamus.
它分為兩個部分 -- 外側丘腦和內側丘腦.

cerebellum

33
中文翻譯
n.小腦
英文釋義
a large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum, and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe
例句 Example
Conclusion NPY immunoreactive neurons are located in cerebellum Purkinje cell layer.
結論　小腦Purkinje細胞層內存在NYP陽性神經元.

uterine

34
中文翻譯
adj.子宮的，同母異父的，母係的
英文釋義
born of the same mother but by a different father
例句 Example
The tumor proliferates, invades the uterine wall, and disseminates to remote organs.
腫瘤增殖, 侵犯到子宮壁, 並播散至遠處的髒器.

portal

35
中文翻譯
n.入口; 橋門; [解剖學]肝門; 齣孔
英文釋義
door, entrance; especially : a grand or imposing one
例句 Example
a business/news/shopping portal
商務 / 新聞 / 購物門戶網站

earner

36
中文翻譯
n.掙錢人，工資所得者
英文釋義
to receive as return for effort and especially for work done or services rendered
例句 Example
T-shirts are a nice little earner and it's better than the dole.
賣T恤衫來錢容易，比領救濟金好。

overproduction

37
中文翻譯
n.生産過剩
英文釋義
the act or an instance of producing too much of something
例句 Example
Overproduction and consequent low market prices for wine caused economic tremors.
葡萄酒生産過剩及由此造成的市價低迷引起瞭經濟波動。

disruption

38
中文翻譯
n.中斷，擾亂，混亂
英文釋義
the act or process of disrupting something : a break or interruption in the normal course or continuation of some activity, process, etc.
例句 Example
The strike is expected to cause delays and disruption to flights from Britain...
預計罷工將導緻英國航班的延誤和中斷。

goiter

39
中文翻譯
甲狀腺腫
英文釋義
an enlargement of the thyroid gland visible as a swelling of the front of the neck
例句 Example
Partial thyroidectomy for toxic goiter was practiced widely.
用甲狀腺部分切除治療急性甲狀腺腫一直被廣泛采用.

gigantism

40
中文翻譯
n.巨人癥
英文釋義
giantism
例句 Example
It is often associated with pituitary gigantism.
常伴發腦下垂體巨人癥.

dwarfism

41
中文翻譯
n.矮小，矮態; 矮小性
英文釋義
a condition of stunted growth; especially : a condition (such as achondroplasia) of people and animals marked by unusually small size or short stature
例句 Example
Pituitary dwarfism is caused by insufficient growth hormone.
腦下垂體性侏儒因生長激素分泌不足引起.

reabsorption

42
中文翻譯
n.再吸收，再分攤
英文釋義
the act or process of absorbing something again or of being absorbed again
例句 Example
They prevent the reabsorption of water from the gut.
可以阻止腸道對水分的吸收.

deposition

43
中文翻譯
n.沉積（物）; [律]（在法庭上的）宣誓作證，證詞; 免職，革職
英文釋義
a testifying especially before a court
例句 Example
marine/river deposition
海洋 / 河流沉積物

atop

44
中文翻譯
prep. 在…頂上
英文釋義
on, to, or at the top
例句 Example
a scoop of ice cream atop a slice of apple pie
一片蘋果餡餅上麵的一勺冰激淩

alertness

45
中文翻譯
n.警戒，機敏; 戒心
英文釋義
watchful and prompt to meet danger or emergency
例句 Example
The drug improved mental alertness.
該藥有助於提神。

vasoconstriction

46
中文翻譯
n.血管收縮
英文釋義
narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels
例句 Example
Vasoconstriction and vasodilatation are separate mechanisms.
血管的收縮和擴張分彆具有不同的機理.

gonad

47
中文翻譯
n.性腺，生殖腺
英文釋義
a reproductive gland (such as an ovary or testis) that produces gametes
例句 Example
This doctor is experienced in treating gonad diseases.
這位醫生對治療生殖腺疾病非常有經驗.