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📖 Chapter48 - Biolex 學習卡片

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總詞彙
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當前
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已學習

postsynaptic

1
adj.後聯會的,突觸後的; 突能的
occurring after synapsis
Neurotransmitter receptors mediate signal transduction postsynaptic membrane of synaptic connections between neurons in the nervous system.
大腦中神經元突觸間的信號傳遞是由許多神經遞質受體介導的.

axon

2
n.(神經的)軸突,軸突(輸齣端); 軸索; 體軸
a usually long and single nerve-cell process that usually conducts impulses away from the cell body
The axon must be able to withstand stretching.
軸突必須能經得住伸展.

summation

3
n.總和; 加在一起; 總結; 概括
the act or process of forming a sum : addition
What he said was a fair summation of the discussion.
他這番話對討論作瞭恰當的總結。

acetylcholine

4
n.乙酰膽堿
a neurotransmitter [C7H16NO2]+ released at autonomic synapses and neuromuscular junctions and formed enzymatically in the tissues from choline
All of these reactions are indications of too much acetylcholine activity.
所有這些反應都是乙酰膽堿活性過強的象徵.

myelin

5
n.髓磷脂
a soft white material that forms a thick layer around the axons of some neurons and is composed chiefly of lipids (such as cerebroside and cholesterol), water, and smaller amounts of protein
Malnourished children have smaller brains, fewer neurons and synapses, shorter dendrites and less myelin.
營養不良的兒童有規模較小的腦, 少的神經元和突觸的, 短的樹突少髓鞘.

presynaptic

6
adj.突觸前的
of, occurring in, or being a neuron by which a nerve impulse is conveyed to a synapse
A neurotransmitter must be present within the presynaptic neuron.
突觸前神經元必須存在神經遞質.

hillock

7
n.小丘
a small hill
The children are playing on the hillock.
孩子們正在小土堆上玩.

cleft

8
n.裂縫; 裂口; cleave的過去式和過去分詞; 進退維榖v.劈開,剁開,割開( cleave的過去式和過去分詞 )
a space or opening made by or as if by splitting : fissure
a cleft in the rocks
岩石的裂縫

glia

9
n.神經膠質
supporting tissue intermingled with the essential elements of nervous tissue especially in the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia
Additionally, neurons can modulate the activities of glia.
不僅如此, 神經元也可以反過來調控膠質細胞的活性.

undershoot

10
vt.射擊低於,脫靶
to shoot short of or below (a target)
Lock the cage was opened, all the oil exploration companies have begun to Checkpoint to undershoot.
籠子的鎖開瞭, 所有的石油勘探商們開始直往下衝.

inhibitory

11
adj.禁止的,抑製的
to prohibit from doing something
Kinetin was later shown to be inhibitory for embryoid formation.
激動素原來被錶明抑製胚狀體的形成.

opiate

12
n.鴉片製劑(通常用於鎮痛或催眠); 緩和,減輕
an alkaloid drug (such as morphine or codeine) that contains or is derived from opium, binds to cell receptors primarily of the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, acts to block pain, induce sedation or sleep, depress respiration, and produce calmness or euphoria, and is associated with physiological tolerance, physical and psychological dependence, and addiction upon repeated or prolonged use
One woman suffered such severe pain she had to take opiates to control it.
有一位婦女劇痛難忍,不得不服用鴉片製劑來鎮痛。

refractory

13
adj.執拗的; 倔強的; 難治療的; 耐熔的
resisting control or authority : stubborn, unmanageable
...refractory priests who refused to side with the king.
拒絕支持國王的桀驁不馴的牧師

pert

14
abbr.Program Evaluation and Review Technic 計劃評價與審查技術adj.(穿戴)時髦的,得體的
saucily free and forward : flippantly cocky and assured
Because of these differences, PERT isused more in research and development projects.
鑒於這些差彆, PERT主要應用於研究和發展項目.

ganglia

15
n.神經中樞
a small cystic tumor connected either with a joint membrane or tendon sheath
The transverse fibres or commissure unite the two ganglia of a pair.
橫行的縴維即接索則把成對的兩個神經節連在一起.

glial

16
adj.神經膠質的
of, relating to, or constituting glia
Nerve system have two different cells, neuron and glial cell.
神經係統存在兩類不同的細胞, 即神經元和膠質細胞.

microelectrode

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n.微電極(尤指插入神經細胞或肌肉組織、用以檢測其電脈衝的超小型電極)
a minute electrode; especially : one that is inserted in a living biological cell or tissue in studying its electrical characteristics
A PVC membrane sodium ion - selective microelectrode based on a neutral carrier ( ETH 1097 ) has been constructed.
研製瞭以中性載體 ( ETH1097 ) 為電活性物質的PVC鈉離子選擇性微電極.

polarization

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n.産生極性; 極化; (光)偏振; 對立
division into two sharply distinct opposites;  especially : a state in which the opinions, beliefs, or interests of a group or society no longer range along a continuum but become concentrated at opposing extremes
For more detailed information on induced polarization, review papers by Madden.
關於誘發極化法的更詳細的資料, 可參閱馬登的述評文章.

traveling

19
adj.同行的; 活動的; 移動的n.<籃球>帶球走步,走步違例
going to different places instead of staying in one place
When his master's off traveling, Caleb stays with Pierre's parents.
凱萊布在主人外齣旅行時與皮埃爾的父母住在一起。

backwards

20
adv.嚮後; 相反地; 倒退地
toward the back or rear
I lost my balance and fell backwards.
我沒有站穩,仰麵摔倒。

gated

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[醫]選通的,門控的
having or controlled by a gate
She lives , fittingly enough, in a gated French chateau in Beverly Hills.
斯通還在貝佛利山上有一棟豪華的法式城堡.

excitatory

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adj.有刺激性的,興奮的
exhibiting, resulting from, relating to, or producing excitement or excitation
Nothing happens until the excitatory stimulus exceeds a certain'threshold'value.
興奮性刺激超過某一臨界值以前毫無反應.

paralysis

23
n.麻痹,癱瘓; 中風; 無能,無氣力
complete or partial loss of function especially when involving the motion or sensation in a part of the body
paralysis of both legs
雙腿癱瘓

nicotine

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n.尼古丁; [化]煙堿
a poisonous alkaloid C10H14N2 that is the chief active principle of tobacco and is used as an insecticide
Nicotine produces a feeling of well-being in the smoker...
尼古丁給吸煙者帶來一種愉悅的感覺。

methadone

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n.美沙酮(一種鎮靜劑); 美散痛
a synthetic addictive narcotic drug C21H27NO used especially in the form of its hydrochloride for the relief of pain and as a substitute narcotic in the treatment of heroin addiction
Objectives : To compare the efficacy of methadone with mirtazapine or benzodiazepines in heroin detoxification.
目的: 比較米氮平與苯二氮類藥物閤並美沙酮治療對海洛因依賴者脫毒療效.

phenobarbital

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n.鎮靜安眠劑; 魯米那
a crystalline barbiturate C12H12N2O3 used as a hypnotic, sedative, and anticonvulsant
Can i get some phenobarbital, something to calm this guy down?
能給我拿些鎮靜劑來嗎一些能讓這傢夥平靜下來的?

atropine

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n.阿托品,顛茄堿
a racemic mixture of hyoscyamine obtained from any of various solanaceous plants (such as belladonna) and used especially in the form of its sulfate for its anticholinergic effects (such as pupil dilation or inhibition of smooth muscle spasms)
An atropine rash is more likely to occur in children.
阿托品皮疹似乎更易發生於兒童.