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📖 Chapter49 - Biolex 學習卡片

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總詞彙
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midbrain

1
中文翻譯
n.中腦
英文釋義
the middle of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain between the forebrain and hindbrain that includes the tectum, tegmentum, and substantia nigra —called also mesencephalon
例句 Example
Parkinson s disease ( PD ) is a degenerative disorder characterized by a loss of midbrain dopamine ( DA ) neurons.
帕金森病 ( PD ) 是一種以中腦多巴胺神經元丟失為特徵的 中樞神經 係統退行性疾病.

cerebral

2
中文翻譯
adj.大腦的; 腦的; 理智的; 非感情方麵的
英文釋義
of or relating to the brain or the intellect
例句 Example
His poetry is very cerebral.
他的詩富涵理性。

schizophrenia

3
中文翻譯
n.[醫]精神分裂癥; 矛盾
英文釋義
a mental illness that is characterized by disturbances in thought (such as delusions), perception (such as hallucinations), and behavior (such as disorganized speech or catatonic behavior), by a loss of emotional responsiveness and extreme apathy, and by noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life
例句 Example
Objective : To explore the relationship between polymorphism cytochrome P 4502 D 6 ( CYP 2 D 6 ) gene and schizophrenia in Chinese.
目的: 探測精神分裂癥與細胞色素P4502D6基因多態性關係.

hindbrain

4
中文翻譯
n.腦的最後部，後腦; 菱腦
英文釋義
the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing vertebrate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain that includes the cerebellum, the medulla oblongata, and in mammals the pons and that controls autonomic functions and equilibrium —called also rhombencephalon
例句 Example
A dark plaits sticking on the hindbrain, curled and naughty hair covers on the cheek.
一根烏黑烏黑的辮子翹在腦後,齊耳的鬢發微微捲麯,頑皮地浮在臉頰上.

frontal

5
中文翻譯
adj.前麵的; 正麵的; 前額
英文釋義
a cloth hanging over the front of an altar
例句 Example
the frontal lobes of the brain
大腦額葉

autonomic

6
中文翻譯
adj.自主的，不受意誌支配的
英文釋義
acting or occurring involuntarily
例句 Example
The autonomic nervous system is also called the visceral, vegetative, or involuntary nervous system.
自主神經係統又稱內髒神經係統, 營養神經係統或不隨意神經係統.

arousal

7
中文翻譯
n.興奮，性興奮; 覺醒; 激勵
英文釋義
the act of arousing someone or something : the state of being aroused
例句 Example
...sexual arousal...
性欲的激起

hippocampus

8
中文翻譯
n.<希神><羅神>馬頭魚尾的怪獸; 海馬迴; 海馬狀突起; 海馬體（大腦中被認為是感情和記憶中心的部分）
英文釋義
a curved elongated ridge that extends over the floor of the descending horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain, that consists of gray matter covered on the ventricular surface with white matter, and that is involved in forming, storing, and processing memory
例句 Example
Learning happens in the hippocampus a brain a key role in acquiring memories.
學習活動主要産生在大腦的海馬體中,這個部位專門負責獲取記憶.

diencephalon

9
中文翻譯
n.間腦，中腦
英文釋義
the posterior subdivision of the forebrain
例句 Example
Objective : To study afferent projections from the diencephalon and brainstem to the orbital cortex ( OC ) .
目的: 研究 間腦 和腦乾至眶皮質的傳入投射.

amygdala

10
中文翻譯
n.扁桃形結構，如扁桃體
英文釋義
the one of the four basal ganglia in each cerebral hemisphere that is part of the limbic system and consists of an almond-shaped mass of gray matter in the anterior extremity of the temporal lobe —called also amygdaloid nucleus
例句 Example
The amygdala also sends information back to the frontal cortex.
扁桃體也會將訊息傳迴額葉皮質.

neuronal

11
中文翻譯
n.神經元; 二乙基溴乙酰胺
英文釋義
a grayish or reddish granular cell that is the fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue transmitting and receiving nerve impulses and having cytoplasmic processes which are highly differentiated frequently as multiple dendrites or usually as solitary axons which conduct impulses to and away from the cell body : nerve cell
例句 Example
The shapes of neuronal cell bodies are spherical, ovoid, pyramial, fusiform, stellate or crescentic.
神經元細胞體的形狀有圓形, 卵圓形, 錐形, 梭形, 星形或半月形.

occipital

12
中文翻譯
adj.枕部的，枕骨的n.枕骨
英文釋義
of, relating to, or located within or near the occiput or the occipital bone
例句 Example
Occipital screws also associated with the potential for intracranial complications.
枕骨螺釘也有引起顱內並發癥的潛在風險.

salamander

13
中文翻譯
n.火蜥蜴，火怪，耐火的人; 蠑螈（兩棲動物，形似蜥蜴）
英文釋義
a mythical animal having the power to endure fire without harm
例句 Example
European salamander having dark skin with usually yellow spots.
黑色皮膚上通常有黃色斑點的歐洲蠑螈.

efferent

14
中文翻譯
adj.傳齣的n.輸齣管
英文釋義
conducting outward from a part or organ; specifically : conveying nervous impulses to an effector
例句 Example
Some juxtamedullary glomeruli have two efferent arterioles.
某些近髓質腎小球具有兩種齣球小動脈.

involuntary

15
中文翻譯
adj.無意識做齣的，非故意的; 非自願的，不隨意的; 不由自主的
英文釋義
done contrary to or without choice
例句 Example
an involuntary cry of pain
不由自主的痛苦的喊叫

preganglionic

16
中文翻譯
adj.神經節前的
英文釋義
proximal to a ganglion; specifically : of, relating to, or being a usually myelinated axon arising from a cell body in the central nervous system and terminating in an autonomic ganglion
例句 Example
On viscose staple fibers, the preganglionic hunters made the frantic business inventories fell short stick.
就粘膠短縴而言,節前的瘋狂抄底使得粘短企業庫存減少.

postganglionic

17
中文翻譯
adj.（神經）節後的
英文釋義
distal to a ganglion; specifically : of, relating to, or being an axon arising from a cell body within an autonomic ganglion
例句 Example
The goods and postganglionic anticholinergic drugs ( such as atropine, Propantheline, etc. ) combined, its role diminished.
本品與節後抗膽堿藥 ( 如阿托品 、 普魯本辛等 ) 閤用, 其作用減弱.

callosum

18
中文翻譯
[醫] 胼胝體
英文釋義
the great band of commissural fibers uniting the cerebral hemispheres of higher mammals including humans
例句 Example
MRI demonstrated reduction , dysplasia and absence of corpus callosum.
MRI矢狀位示胼胝體體積縮小, 發育不全或缺如.

cognition

19
中文翻譯
n.認知; 認識
英文釋義
cognitive mental processes; also : a product of these processes
例句 Example
...processes of perception and cognition.
感覺和認知過程

autism

20
中文翻譯
n.孤獨癥，自我中心主義
英文釋義
a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically appears by age two, that is variable in expression but is usually diagnosed by persistent impairments in social interaction and communication and by stereotyped patterns of behavior, activities, or interests, and that may be accompanied by cognitive or language impairments : autism spectrum disorder
例句 Example
autistic behaviour/children
自閉癥行為 / 兒童

potentiation

21
中文翻譯
[醫]增強，強化：兩藥的協同作用，比分彆單用其中一種的藥效總和大
英文釋義
to make effective or active or more effective or more active; also : to augment the activity of (something, such as a drug) synergistically
例句 Example
Results The APB disk potentiation test got good agreement with Tris - EDTA disk method.
結果APB紙片增強試驗與Tris-EDTA紙片法檢測結果完全一緻.

depressive

22
中文翻譯
adj.鬱悶的n.[精神分析學]抑鬱癥患者
英文釋義
tending to depress
例句 Example
depressive illness
抑鬱癥

dopa

23
中文翻譯
n.多巴，二羥基苯丙氨酸
英文釋義
a phenolic amino acid C9H11NO4 occurring naturally (as in fava beans) or prepared synthetically (as from tyrosine)
例句 Example
Objective To introduce L dopa test into the preparation of the surgical intervention of PD.
目的　介紹左鏇多巴試驗在PD外科治療中的應用價值.

transverse

24
中文翻譯
adj.橫嚮的; 橫斷的; 橫切的; 嚮橫活動的
英文釋義
acting, lying, or being across : set crosswise
例句 Example
A transverse bar joins the two posts.
一根橫杆連接著兩根立柱。

segmental

25
中文翻譯
adj.部分的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or having the form of a segment and especially the sector of a circle
例句 Example
The earliest European segmental arch bridge was built at Florence in 1345.
歐洲最早的拱橋是1345年在佛羅倫薩建成的.

reflex

26
中文翻譯
n.反應能力; 反射作用; 復印，復製; 影像，映像
英文釋義
reflected heat, light, or color
例句 Example
The doctor tested her reflexes.
醫生檢測瞭她的反射動作。

afferent

27
中文翻譯
adj.傳入的; 嚮心
英文釋義
bearing or conducting inward; specifically : conveying impulses toward the central nervous system
例句 Example
In most nerves, there are both afferent or sensory nerve fibers and efferent or motor fibers.
在多數神經, 有輸入或感覺神經縴維和傳齣或馬達縴維.

telencephalon

28
中文翻譯
n.端腦，終腦，（胚胎）前腦胞
英文釋義
the anterior subdivision of the embryonic forebrain or the corresponding part of the adult forebrain that includes the cerebral hemispheres and associated structures
例句 Example
Neurogenesis occurs in some areas of the telencephalon of adult songbirds.
成年鳴禽前腦的某些區域具有神經元的再生現象.

mesencephalon

29
中文翻譯
n.中腦
英文釋義
midbrain
例句 Example
Either of two lobes of the dorsal part of the mesencephalon, containing primary visual centers.
視(神經)葉:哺乳動物背部的兩視葉之一, 包括主要的視神經中樞.

wakefulness

30
中文翻譯
n.不眠; 失眠; 覺醒; 警覺
英文釋義
not sleeping or able to sleep : sleepless
例句 Example
She began to drift between sleep and wakefulness.
她開始進入時睡時醒的狀態.

consolidation

31
中文翻譯
n.鞏固; 閤並
英文釋義
the act or process of consolidating : the state of being consolidated
例句 Example
But change brought about the growth and consolidation of the working class.
但是變革使得工人階級發展壯大起來。

prefrontal

32
中文翻譯
adj.額葉前部的，前額的
英文釋義
anterior to or involving the anterior part of a frontal structure
例句 Example
Lecture 2 : Prefrontal Cortex and the Neural Basis of Cognitive Control.
課程單元2:額前皮質與認知控製的神經基礎.

lateralization

33
中文翻譯
n.（尤指腦部的）偏側性，偏側優勢，偏利
英文釋義
localization of function or activity on one side of the body in preference to the other
例句 Example
Theof the cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called lateralization.
認知功能和感知功能位於大腦的某一半球上被稱為側化.

convolute

34
中文翻譯
v.迴鏇，捲繞，盤鏇adj.鏇繞的
英文釋義
twist, coil
例句 Example
But the saddle point in the imaginary plane should convolute here.
但是在虛擬平麵上的鞍點應該環繞這裏.

cocaine

35
中文翻譯
n.可卡因; 古柯堿
英文釋義
a bitter crystalline alkaloid C17H21NO4 obtained from coca leaves that is used especially in the form of its hydrochloride medically as a topical anesthetic and illicitly for its euphoric effects and that may result in a compulsive psychological need
例句 Example
And it's not even cocaine itself.
並且這甚至不是可卡因本身.

incidence

36
中文翻譯
n.發生率; 影響範圍; [數]關聯，接閤; [物]入射，入射角
英文釋義
rate of occurrence or influence
例句 Example
the angle of incidence
入射角

amyloid

37
中文翻譯
adj.澱粉質的，含澱粉的n.澱粉食物，澱粉體
英文釋義
a waxy translucent substance consisting primarily of protein that is deposited in some animal organs and tissues under abnormal conditions (such as Alzheimer's disease)
例句 Example
There are also characteristic amyloid deposits that stain with Congo red.
同時有特徵性剛果紅染色的澱粉樣沉著物.

ralph

38
中文翻譯
abbr.reduction and acquisition of lunar pulse heights 降低得到的月球的脈衝高度
英文釋義
Ralph David 1926—1990 American clergyman and civil rights leader
例句 Example
Bill will come on then maybe Ralph, then Bobby and Johnny doing their hits.
比爾先上，然後大概是拉爾夫，接下來是博比和約翰尼擊球。

synchrony

39
中文翻譯
n.同步（性）
英文釋義
synchronistic occurrence, arrangement, or treatment
例句 Example
Their mouths moved, also in synchrony.
他們的嘴移動, 也在synchrony中.

segmentally

40
中文翻譯
分段地
英文釋義
of, relating to, or having the form of a segment and especially the sector of a circle
例句 Example
The sympathetic ganglia consist of two chains of 22 segmentally arranged ganglia lateral to the column.
該交感神經節連續兩個連鎖店22日節段性安排神經節外側嚮脊柱.

hallmark

41
中文翻譯
n.檢驗印記; 特點，標誌; 質量證明vt.給…蓋上品質證明印記; 使具有…標誌
英文釋義
an official mark stamped on gold and silver articles in England to attest their purity
例句 Example
Police said the explosion bore all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack.
警方稱這次爆炸具有恐怖分子襲擊的所有特徵。

yean

42
中文翻譯
v.（綿羊或山羊）産小羊
英文釋義
to bring forth young —used of a sheep or goat
例句 Example
This day, I'm always miss yean for the past and old friend.
這一天, 我總是想起過去,萬分思念我的老朋友.