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gene

1
中文翻譯
n.基因
英文釋義
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the structure of a particular polypeptide and especially a protein or controlling the function of other genetic material
例句 Example
a dominant/recessive gene
顯性 / 隱性基因

chromosome

2
中文翻譯
n.<生>染色體
英文釋義
any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism; also : the genetic material of a virus
例句 Example
chromosomal abnormalities
染色體畸形

mendel

3
中文翻譯
孟德爾(Gregor Johann,1822-1884，奧地利遺傳學傢)
英文釋義
Gregor Johann 1822—1884 Austrian botanist
例句 Example
In 1857 Mendel started experimenting with peas in his monastery garden.
1857年，孟德爾開始在修道院的菜園裏用豌豆做實驗。

allele

4
中文翻譯
n.等位基因，等位片段
英文釋義
any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus
例句 Example
The mutation was confirmed by allele specific PCR ( ASPCR ).
應用等位基因特異性 PCR 驗證測序所發現的突變.

progeny

5
中文翻譯
n.子孫; 後裔; 結果; 結局
英文釋義
descendants, children
例句 Example
He was surrounded by his numerous progeny.
眾多的子孫簇擁著他。

recessive

6
中文翻譯
adj.有倒退傾嚮的，逆行的; （遺傳特徵）隱性的
英文釋義
tending to recede
例句 Example
Sickle-cell anaemia is passed on through a recessive gene.
鐮狀細胞貧血通過隱性基因遺傳給後代。

mutation

7
中文翻譯
n.變化; 轉變; 突變; 變異
英文釋義
a significant and basic alteration : change
例句 Example
cells affected by mutation
受到突變影響的細胞

gamete

8
中文翻譯
n.接閤體，配偶子
英文釋義
a mature male or female germ cell usually possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex
例句 Example
The typical male gamete is small , notile ( by means of UNDULIPODIA ), and produced in large numbers.
在許多簡單原始生物體中, 配子具有相似的結構和功能 ( 同形配子 ).

heredity

9
中文翻譯
n.遺傳; 遺傳性
英文釋義
inheritance
例句 Example
the debate over the effects of heredity and environment
有關遺傳與環境影響的辯論

mendelian

10
中文翻譯
[醫]孟德爾的：以Gregor Johann Mendel命名的，見character項下
英文釋義
of, relating to, or according with Mendel's laws or Mendelism
例句 Example
Mendelian gene is not a real physical entity but an abstraction or symbol.
孟德爾式的基因並不是真正的實體,而是抽象概念或者是說明性的符號.

recombinant

11
中文翻譯
n.重組[復閤]器官，重組細胞，重組體[子]
英文釋義
relating to or exhibiting genetic recombination
例句 Example
The drug is a recombinant protein, called Factor VIII , which is necessary to help blood clot.
該藥是一種重組蛋白質, 叫第8因子, 能有效地幫助血液凝固.

drosophila

12
中文翻譯
n.果蠅（因其壽命短，繁殖力強，故將其作為遺傳實驗用）
英文釋義
any of a genus (Drosophila) of fruit flies used in genetic research
例句 Example
SINA gene was firstly identified in Drosophila.
SINA基因最初是在果蠅中剋隆到.

crossover

13
中文翻譯
n.[生]（雜色體的）雜交，交換; [鐵路]岔道，轉綫路; <英>（交搭胸前的）女圍巾; 天橋
英文釋義
crossing
例句 Example
The album was an exciting jazz-pop crossover.
這張唱片中收集瞭爵士樂與流行音樂兩種風格相結閤的精彩作品。

wrinkle

14
中文翻譯
n.皺紋; 竅門v.使起皺紋
英文釋義
a small ridge or furrow especially when formed on a surface by the shrinking or contraction of a smooth substance : crease; specifically : one in the skin especially when due to age, worry, or fatigue
例句 Example
There were fine wrinkles around her eyes.
她眼角上齣現瞭魚尾紋。

seed

15
中文翻譯
n.種子; 子孫; 起源; （尤指網球比賽）種子選手vt.播種; 抽齣種子選手; 除去…之種子; 確定（某人）為種子選手vi.結籽; （種子）繁殖
英文釋義
the grains or ripened ovules of plants used for sowing
例句 Example
a packet of wild flower seeds
一包野花籽

phenotype

16
中文翻譯
n.顯型
英文釋義
the observable characteristics or traits of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotype and the environment : the physical expression of one or more genes
例句 Example
The Dnd phenotype was also found in DNA of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc 2155 by PFGE.
在PFGE中發現恥垢分枝杆菌mc~2155也具有Dnd錶型.

homozygous

17
中文翻譯
adj.同型結閤的，純閤子的
英文釋義
having the two genes at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes identical for one or more loci
例句 Example
F 1 females could be backcrossed to the male homozygous recessive parent.
也可用雌性F1與隱性純閤雄性親本迴交.

mutant

18
中文翻譯
n.突變體; 突變異種; 變種生物; 突變adj.突變的; 變異的; 變異所引起的; 經過突變的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or produced by mutation
例句 Example
a mutant gene
變異基因

experiment

19
中文翻譯
n.實驗; 試用v.做實驗; 嘗試
英文釋義
test, trial
例句 Example
Many people do not like the idea of experiments on animals.
許多人不贊成在動物身上做試驗。

breed

20
中文翻譯
v.交配繁殖; 釀成n.(動物)品種; 種類
英文釋義
to produce (offspring) by hatching or gestation
例句 Example
Nothing breeds success like success.
一事成功萬事亨通。

parental

21
中文翻譯
adj.父母的; 親代的; [生]（雜種）親本的; 作為來源[淵源]的
英文釋義
one that begets or brings forth offspring
例句 Example
parental responsibility/rights
父母的職責 / 權利

locate

22
中文翻譯
v.找到，探明，確定…的位置; 放置，設立，建立; 創辦於
英文釋義
to establish oneself or one's business : settle
例句 Example
The mechanic located the fault immediately.
機修工立即找到瞭齣故障的地方。

trait

23
中文翻譯
n.特點，特徵，特性
英文釋義
a distinguishing quality (as of personal character)
例句 Example
personality traits
個性特點

genotype

24
中文翻譯
n.基因型; 屬型
英文釋義
type species
例句 Example
It was concluded that XD 011 was the strongest Cdtolerant genotype among the tested fifteen peanut genotypes.
通過本次研究得齣,基因型XD011是鎘低富集品種,且具有相對較強的耐鎘性.

homologous

25
中文翻譯
adj.相應的; 類似的; 一緻的; 同源的
英文釋義
having the same relative position, value, or structure: such as
例句 Example
The seal's flipper is homologous with the human arm.
海豹的鰭肢與人類的手臂同源。

linkage

26
中文翻譯
n.聯係，連鎖，聯動，連接; 鏈係，聯動裝置; <電>耦閤，磁鏈，匝連; <化>鍵閤
英文釋義
the manner or style of being united: such as
例句 Example
This chapter explores the linkage between economic development and the environment.
本章探討的是經濟發展與環境之間的關係。

meiosis

27
中文翻譯
n.減數分裂，成熟分裂
英文釋義
the presentation of a thing with underemphasis especially in order to achieve a greater effect : understatement
例句 Example
Cycling meiosis and fertilization events produces a series of transitions between alternating haploid and diploid states.
減數分裂和受精作用的周期甚至産生瞭一個在單倍體階段與二倍體階段來迴交替的過渡序列.

geneticist

28
中文翻譯
n.遺傳學者
英文釋義
a branch of biology that deals with the heredity and variation of organisms
例句 Example
The book was written by Dr. Cooper a geneticist.
這書是遺傳學傢古柏博士寫得.

venation

29
中文翻譯
n.脈序，脈相
英文釋義
an arrangement or system of veins (as in the tissue of a leaf or the wing of an insect)
例句 Example
There are two kinds of venation , parallel and net.
葉脈有兩種:平行脈和網狀脈.

wing

30
中文翻譯
n.（機）翼，翅膀; 側廳，邊廂; （汽車）擋泥闆; （尤指政治組織的）派; 邊鋒; 飛行資格v.飛（行）; 趕往
英文釋義
one of the movable feathered or membranous paired appendages by means of which a bird, bat, or insect is able to fly; also : such an appendage (as of an ostrich) even though rudimentary or modified so no longer having the power of flight
例句 Example
The swan flapped its wings noisily.
天鵝大聲地拍打著翅膀。

inheritance

31
中文翻譯
n.繼承; 遺傳; 遺産
英文釋義
something that is or may be inherited
例句 Example
She spent all her inheritance in a year.
她在一年之內用完瞭所有繼承的遺産。

fig

32
中文翻譯
n.無花果; 無花果樹
英文釋義
an oblong or pear-shaped syconium fruit of a tree (genus Ficus) of the mulberry family
例句 Example
a fig tree
無花果樹

postulate

33
中文翻譯
vt.假定; 提齣要求; 視…為理所當然n.假定; 先決條件; 基本原理
英文釋義
demand, claim
例句 Example
They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container.
他們假定塑料容器的壽命為500年。

hereditary

34
中文翻譯
adj.（生物學中）遺傳的; 世襲的; 遺傳性
英文釋義
genetically transmitted or transmittable from parent to offspring
例句 Example
hereditary peers/rulers
世襲的貴族 / 統治者

biologist

35
中文翻譯
n.生物學傢
英文釋義
a branch of knowledge that deals with living organisms and vital processes
例句 Example
The biology of these diseases is terribly complicated.
這些疾病的機理極其復雜。

independently

36
中文翻譯
adv.獨立地，自立地，無關地
英文釋義
not dependent: such as
例句 Example
Ceiling and wall lights can operate independently.
吊燈和壁燈可單獨開關。

chromo

37
中文翻譯
n.多彩石印版
英文釋義
chromolithograph
例句 Example
Microscopic examination of a cell's chromo-somes can reveal the sex of the fetus.
利用顯微鏡檢查細胞染色體可以發現胎兒的性彆。

chromatid

38
中文翻譯
n.染色單體
英文釋義
one of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere
例句 Example
METHODSTo determine the sister chromatid exchanges SCE of chronic alcoholism patients by peripheral blood culture.
應用外周全血淋巴細胞培養方法檢測慢性酒精中毒患者淋巴細胞姐妹染色單體交換率.

muller

39
中文翻譯
n.研杵，粉碎機，研磨機
英文釋義
a stone or piece of wood, metal, or glass used as a pestle for pounding or grinding
例句 Example
The Muller family have been making specialist beers at their brewery in Munster for 200 years.
馬勒傢族已經在他們位於明斯特的啤酒廠專門從事啤酒釀製達200年之久。

characteristic

40
中文翻譯
n.特色; 特點; 品質adj.明顯的; 典型的; 獨特的
英文釋義
a distinguishing trait, quality, or property
例句 Example
She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.
她說話帶著特有的熱情。

parent

41
中文翻譯
n.父親（或母親）; 先輩; 根源，起源; 保護者
英文釋義
one that begets or brings forth offspring
例句 Example
He's still living with his parents.
他還和父母住在一起。

peas

42
中文翻譯
n.豌豆( pea的名詞復數 ); 豌豆( pease的名詞復數 ); 嫩豌豆莢
英文釋義
a variable annual Eurasian vine (Pisum sativum) of the legume family that is cultivated especially for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds
例句 Example
The steak was tough and the peas were like bullets.
牛排老得嚼不動，豌豆像子彈一樣硬。

hypothesis

43
中文翻譯
n.假設，假說; [邏]前提
英文釋義
an assumption or concession made for the sake of argument
例句 Example
It would be pointless to engage in hypothesis before we have the facts.
在我們還沒掌握事實的情況下瞎猜是毫無意義的。

probability

44
中文翻譯
n.可能性; 幾率，概率; 或然性
英文釋義
the chance that a given event will occur
例句 Example
The probability is that prices will rise rapidly.
物價有可能會迅速上升。

morgan

45
中文翻譯
n.摩（基因交換單位）
英文釋義
a unit of inferred distance between genes on a chromosome that is used in constructing genetic maps and is equal to the distance for which the frequency of crossing over between specific pairs of genes is 100 percent
例句 Example
Dividing his command, Morgan assailed both strongholds at the same time.
摩根派遣部隊同時襲擊瞭兩個據點。

protein

46
中文翻譯
n.[化]朊，蛋白（質）
英文釋義
any of various naturally occurring extremely complex substances that consist of amino-acid residues joined by peptide bonds, contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, usually sulfur, and occasionally other elements (such as phosphorus or iron), and include many essential biological compounds (such as enzymes, hormones, or antibodies)
例句 Example
essential proteins and vitamins
必不可少的蛋白質和維生素

chromosomal

47
中文翻譯
adj.染色體的
英文釋義
any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism; also : the genetic material of a virus
例句 Example
Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA.
tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一樣, 都是染色體DNA的轉錄産物.

organisms

48
中文翻譯
n.有機物( organism的名詞復數 ); 有機體; 生物; 有機體係
英文釋義
a complex structure of interdependent and subordinate elements whose relations and properties are largely determined by their function in the whole
例句 Example
The living organisms somehow concentrated the minerals by biological processes.
生命體通過某種生物過程聚集礦物質。

strain

49
中文翻譯
n.壓力，重負; 拉力，張力; 拉傷，扭傷; 個性特點; 品係，品種（動植物的）株係; 類型；品質；個性特點，稟性; （尤指金錢）過多使用v.拉傷，損傷; 盡力; 使不堪承受，使緊張; 拉緊; 過濾
英文釋義
lineage, ancestry
例句 Example
Their marriage is under great strain at the moment.
眼下他們的婚姻關係非常緊張。

assortment

50
中文翻譯
n.各式各樣; 什錦
英文釋義
the act of assorting
例句 Example
He was dressed in an odd assortment of clothes.
他穿著奇裝異服。

arrangement

51
中文翻譯
n.安排; 籌劃; 布置; 商定; 協議; 整理; 改編樂麯
英文釋義
the state of being arranged : order
例句 Example
You can cash cheques here by prior arrangement with the bank.
你事先和銀行商妥，就可以在這裏兌現支票。

recombination

52
中文翻譯
n.再結閤; 再化閤; 復閤
英文釋義
the formation by the processes of crossing-over and independent assortment of new combinations of genes in progeny that did not occur in the parents
例句 Example
The degree of recombination is reciprocal in most cases.
重新結閤的程度在大多數情況下是相互的.

affect

53
中文翻譯
v.影響; 使感動; （疾病）感染; 假裝
英文釋義
to produce an effect upon (someone or something):
例句 Example
Your opinion will not affect my decision.
你的意見不會影響我的決定。

oxford

54
中文翻譯
n.牛津鞋（一種係鞋帶的皮鞋）(oxfords)n. 牛津（英國城市）; 牛津大學 (Oxford)
英文釋義
a low shoe laced or tied over the instep
例句 Example
Oxford's social circle was far too liberal for her taste.
牛津的社交圈過於開放,不閤她的胃口.

variability

55
中文翻譯
n.變化性，易變，變化的傾嚮; 變率
英文釋義
able or apt to vary : subject to variation or changes
例句 Example
climatic variability
氣候的多變性

huxley

56
中文翻譯
n.赫胥黎，生物學傢，Aldous的祖父
英文釋義
Aldous Leonard 1894—1963 brother of Julian Huxley English novelist and critic
例句 Example
Huxley was an exponent of Darwin's theory of evolution.
赫胥黎是達爾文進化論的鼓吹者.

segregation

57
中文翻譯
n.分離，隔離; 種族隔離; [化]分離，偏析; 熔析
英文釋義
the act or process of segregating : the state of being segregated
例句 Example
racial/religious segregation
種族 / 宗教隔離

factor

58
中文翻譯
n.因素; 因子; 倍數; 係數v.把…因素包括進去
英文釋義
one who acts or transacts business for another: such as
例句 Example
economic factors
經濟因素

diploid

59
中文翻譯
adj.雙重的，倍數的，雙倍的
英文釋義
having or involving two sets of homologous chromosomes
例句 Example
During the process of fertilization a zygote with the diploid set is produced.
通過受精作用使受精卵形成一個二倍體.

occur

60
中文翻譯
v.發生; 存在於
英文釋義
to be found or met with : appear
例句 Example
When exactly did the incident occur?
這一事件究竟是什麼時候發生的？

publish

61
中文翻譯
v.齣版，刊登; 發錶; 公布
英文釋義
to make generally known
例句 Example
The first edition was published in 2002.
第一版於2002年發行。

pigment

62
中文翻譯
n.顔料，色料; [生]色素
英文釋義
a substance that imparts black or white or a color to other materials; especially : a powdered substance that is mixed with a liquid in which it is relatively insoluble and used especially to impart color to coating materials (such as paints) or to inks, plastics, and rubber
例句 Example
The Romans used natural pigments on their fabrics and walls.
古羅馬人在織物和牆壁上使用天然顔料。

discovery

63
中文翻譯
n.發現; 發現的事物/人
英文釋義
the act or process of discovering
例句 Example
the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century
20世紀抗生素的發現

speculation

64
中文翻譯
n.投機買賣; 思考; 投機活動; 推斷
英文釋義
an act or instance of speculating: such as
例句 Example
There was widespread speculation that she was going to resign.
人們紛紛推測她將辭職。

complicate

65
中文翻譯
v.使復雜化
英文釋義
to make complex or difficult
例句 Example
I do not wish to complicate the task more than is necessary.
我不想使這項任務不必要地復雜化。

alfred

66
中文翻譯
n.阿爾佛雷德（男子名）
英文釋義
849—899 the Great king of Wessex (871—899)
例句 Example
He was clumsily trying to grab at Alfred's arms.
他笨手笨腳地想抓住艾爾弗雷德的手臂。

propose

67
中文翻譯
v.提議; 打算; 提名; 求婚
英文釋義
to form or put forward a plan or intention
例句 Example
(British English also)She proposed that the book should be banned.
她提議查禁這本書。

evolutionary

68
中文翻譯
adj.進化的，發展的
英文釋義
descent with modification from preexisting species : cumulative inherited change in a population of organisms through time leading to the appearance of new forms : the process by which new species or populations of living things develop from preexisting forms through successive generations; also : the scientific theory explaining the appearance of new species and varieties through the action of various biological mechanisms (such as natural selection, genetic mutation or drift, and hybridization)
例句 Example
evolutionary theory
進化論

pea

69
中文翻譯
n.豌豆，豌豆類; 豌豆狀物; 〈美俚〉棒球
英文釋義
a variable annual Eurasian vine (Pisum sativum) of the legume family that is cultivated especially for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds
例句 Example
frozen peas
冷凍豌豆

differ

70
中文翻譯
v.有區彆; 有分歧
英文釋義
to be unlike or distinct in nature, form, or characteristics
例句 Example
They hold differing views.
他們持有不同的觀點。

sperm

71
中文翻譯
n.精子; 精液; 鯨蠟油
英文釋義
semen
例句 Example
He has a low sperm count (= very few live male cells) .
他的精液精子計數低。

derive

72
中文翻譯
v.（使）起源於，來自; 獲得
英文釋義
to take, receive, or obtain especially from a specified source
例句 Example
The word ‘politics ’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘city ’.
politics一詞源自希臘語，意思是city。

frequently

73
中文翻譯
adv.頻繁地，經常
英文釋義
at frequent or short intervals
例句 Example
Buses run frequently between the city and the airport.
公共汽車頻繁地來往於市區與機場之間。

maternal

74
中文翻譯
adj.母親的; 母親般的; 母係的; 母親方麵的
英文釋義
of, relating to, belonging to, or characteristic of a mother : motherly
例句 Example
maternal love
母愛

represent

75
中文翻譯
v.代錶; 象徵; 維護…的利益; 相當於; 描繪; 正式提齣
英文釋義
to bring clearly before the mind : present
例句 Example
The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries.
這次比賽吸引瞭代錶8個不同國傢的500多名參賽者。

ratio

76
中文翻譯
n.比，比率; 比例; 係數
英文釋義
the indicated quotient of two mathematical expressions
例句 Example
What is the ratio of men to women in the department?
這個部門的男女比例是多少？

breeding

77
中文翻譯
n.生育; （動物的）飼養; 教養（尤指行為或禮貌方麵）; <核>增殖v.生育( breed的現在分詞 ); 繁殖; 孕育; 導緻
英文釋義
the action or process of bearing or generating
例句 Example
the breeding season
繁殖季節

examine

78
中文翻譯
v.仔細檢查; 檢查身體; 審查; 考核; 法庭詢問
英文釋義
to inspect closely
例句 Example
The doctor examined her but could find nothing wrong.
醫生給她作瞭檢查，但沒發現什麼問題。

arise

79
中文翻譯
v.齣現，産生; （由…）引起; 起床，起身; 聳立; 奮起鬥爭; （隨靠近而）逐漸顯現
英文釋義
to begin to occur or to exist : to come into being or to attention
例句 Example
The peasants arose against their masters.
農民奮起反對奴役他們的人。

assort

80
中文翻譯
vt.把…分類vi.相配; 相稱 ; 交際; 交往
英文釋義
to distribute into groups of a like kind : classify
例句 Example
He prefers to assort with men of his age.
他更喜歡與自己的同齡人交往。

haploid

81
中文翻譯
adj.單一的
英文釋義
having or involving one set of homologous chromosomes
例句 Example
Cycling meiosis and fertilization events produces a series of transitions between alternating haploid and diploid states.
減數分裂和受精作用的周期甚至産生瞭一個在單倍體階段與二倍體階段來迴交替的過渡序列.

cytological

82
中文翻譯
細胞學的
英文釋義
a branch of biology dealing with the structure, function, multiplication, pathology, and life history of cells : cell biology
例句 Example
Purpose To show the value of the cytological diagnosis in esophageal adenocarcinomas.
目的:探討食管中段腺癌的細胞學診斷意義.

duplicate

83
中文翻譯
v.重復; 復製，復印adj.復製的; 副本的n.復製品; 副本
英文釋義
consisting of or existing in two corresponding or identical parts or examples
例句 Example
a duplicated form
復製的錶格