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📖 Chapter10

72
總詞彙
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excision

1
中文翻譯
n.切除，刪除; 切除術; 切割; 分割
英文釋義
the act or procedure of removing by or as if by cutting out; especially : surgical removal or resection
例句 Example
...this year's rise in excise duties...
今年消費稅的提高

mutation

2
中文翻譯
n.變化; 轉變; 突變; 變異
英文釋義
a significant and basic alteration : change
例句 Example
cells affected by mutation
受到突變影響的細胞

error

3
中文翻譯
n.錯誤，過失
英文釋義
an act or condition of ignorant or imprudent deviation from a code of behavior
例句 Example
A simple error of judgement meant that there was not enough food to go around.
一個簡單的判斷錯誤就意味著食物不夠每人一份。

gene

4
中文翻譯
n.基因
英文釋義
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the structure of a particular polypeptide and especially a protein or controlling the function of other genetic material
例句 Example
a dominant/recessive gene
顯性 / 隱性基因

deamination

5
中文翻譯
n.去氨基
英文釋義
to remove the amino group from (a compound)
例句 Example
In deamination, the nitrogen - containing amino portion of the molecules is removed.
在脫氨作用中, 分子 含氨基 的部分被移去.

nucleotide

6
中文翻譯
n.<生化>核苷酸
英文釋義
any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids (such as RNA and DNA)
例句 Example
The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
全酶還能識彆DNA雙鏈分子上的特定核苷酸序列 ( 起動基因 ).

mismatch

7
中文翻譯
n.錯配，失諧
英文釋義
a faulty or unsuitable match
例句 Example
a mismatch between people's real needs and the available facilities
人民的切實需要和現有設施之間的不協調

mutagenesis

8
中文翻譯
n.突變形成，變異發生; 誘變
英文釋義
the occurrence or induction of mutation
例句 Example
Aspergillus Oryzae mutants . High pressure seems an efficient approach for mutagenesis.
繼各種化學製劑、各種射綫誘變等方法之後, 高壓不失為一種行之有效的誘變方法.

mutability

9
中文翻譯
n.易變性，性情不定; 突變性; 易彎性
英文釋義
prone to change : inconstant
例句 Example
The mutability of the past is the central tenet of Ingsoc.
竄改過去是英社的中心原則.

repair

10
中文翻譯
v.修理，修補; 補救; 前去n.修理; 修補
英文釋義
to restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken : fix
例句 Example
to repair a car/roof/road/television
修理汽車 / 屋頂 / 道路 / 電視

ligase

11
中文翻譯
n.連接酶
英文釋義
synthetase
例句 Example
Finally, DNA ligase newly synthesized DNA chain and the original links.
最後DNA連接酶將新閤成的DNA鏈與原來的鏈接上.

strand

12
中文翻譯
n.（繩子的）股，絞; 海濱，河岸; （思想等的）一個組成部分vt.使滯留，使擱淺; 使陷於睏境vi.擱淺; 陷入睏境
英文釋義
the land bordering a body of water : shore, beach
例句 Example
a strand of wool
一股羊毛

generate

13
中文翻譯
vt.形成，造成; 産生物理反應; 産生（後代）; 引起
英文釋義
to bring into existence: such as
例句 Example
The proposal has generated a lot of interest.
這項建議引起眾多的關注。

sequence

14
中文翻譯
n.[數]數列，序列; 順序; 連續; 片斷插麯vt.使按順序排列，安排順序; [生化]確定…的順序，確定…的化學結構序列
英文釋義
a hymn in irregular meter between the gradual and Gospel in masses for special occasions (such as Easter)
例句 Example
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
他描述瞭搶劫案發生前的一係列有關情況。

mutagen

15
中文翻譯
n.誘導有機體突變的物質
英文釋義
an agent (such as a chemical or various radiations) that tends to increase the frequency or extent of mutation
例句 Example
A mutagen is very often used to accelerate this process.
為瞭提高變異的速度,常使用誘變劑來實現.

chemical

16
中文翻譯
adj.化學的; 化學反應的; 用化學方法生成的n.化學品; 化閤物
英文釋義
of, relating to, used in, or produced by chemistry or the phenomena of chemistry
例句 Example
a chemical element
化學元素

recognize

17
中文翻譯
vt.認齣; 識彆; 承認vi.承認，確認; [法律]具結，立保證書
英文釋義
to acknowledge formally: such as
例句 Example
I recognized him as soon as he came in the room.
他一進屋我就認齣瞭他。

contain

18
中文翻譯
v.裝有; 包含; 遏製; 控製; 剋製
英文釋義
to keep within limits: such as
例句 Example
This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
這種飲料不含任何酒精。

recruit

19
中文翻譯
n.新兵; （機構中的）新成員; 新學生vt.招聘，徵募; 吸收某人為新成員; 動員…（提供幫助）; 雇用vi.徵募新兵; 得到補充，得到補償; 恢復健康
英文釋義
to fill up the number of with new members : reinforce
例句 Example
The police are trying to recruit more officers from ethnic minorities.
警察機關正試圖從少數民族中徵募更多的新警員。

mutagenic

20
中文翻譯
adj.誘導有機體突變的物質
英文釋義
an agent (such as a chemical or various radiations) that tends to increase the frequency or extent of mutation
例句 Example
A large number of hydrocarbons such as benzopyrene are also mutagenic.
大量碳氫化閤物如苯並芘也是誘變劑.

undamaged

21
中文翻譯
adj.未損壞的，未受傷害的; 無缺
英文釋義
not damaged or harmed
例句 Example
There was a slight collision but my car was undamaged.
雖有輕微碰撞，但我的汽車沒有損壞。

detect

22
中文翻譯
v.發現; 查明; 測齣
英文釋義
to discover the true character of
例句 Example
The tests are designed to detect the disease early.
這些檢查旨在早期查齣疾病。

replicate

23
中文翻譯
vt.復製，復寫; 重復，反復; 摺轉; [生] 復製
英文釋義
duplicate, repeat
例句 Example
Subsequent experiments failed to replicate these findings.
後來的實驗沒有得齣同樣的結果。

dimer

24
中文翻譯
n.二聚物
英文釋義
a compound formed by the union of two radicals or two molecules of a simpler compound; specifically : a polymer formed from two molecules of a monomer
例句 Example
Methods: The plasma fibrinogen and D - dimer in pulmonary embolism patients were measured.
方法對經臨床確診為肺栓塞患者測定其血漿D - 二聚體與縴維蛋白原濃度.

replicative

25
中文翻譯
adj.重復的，復製的
英文釋義
of, relating to, involved in, or characterized by replication
例句 Example
Objective To observe the replicative senescence - related beta - galactosidase activity in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ) cells.
目的觀察培養人視網膜色素上皮 ( RPE ) 細胞中復製衰老相關的β半乳糖苷酶活性.

mend

26
中文翻譯
v.修理; 縫補; 康復; 解決爭端
英文釋義
to free from faults or defects: such as
例句 Example
Could you mend my bike for me?
你能幫我修一下自行車嗎？

deletion

27
中文翻譯
n.刪除
英文釋義
the act of deleting
例句 Example
This involved the deletion of a great deal of irrelevant material.
這包括刪除很大一部分不相關的內容。

repeat

28
中文翻譯
v.重復; 復述; 反復說; 重復做; 重復發生; 留有餘味n.再次發生; 重播; 重復部分adj.迴頭客的
英文釋義
to say or state again
例句 Example
to repeat a question
重復一遍問題

induce

29
中文翻譯
vt.引誘; 引起; 勸說; 用人工方法引(産)
英文釋義
to move by persuasion or influence
例句 Example
Nothing would induce me to take the job.
沒有什麼能誘使我接受這份工作。

slide

30
中文翻譯
v.滑動; 悄悄地溜到; 不自覺地陷入…; 貶值n.降低; 滑行; 幻燈片; 載玻片; 滑梯; 山崩; 拉管
英文釋義
to move smoothly along a surface : slip
例句 Example
We slid down the grassy slope.
我們從草坡上滑瞭下來。

colony

31
中文翻譯
n.殖民地; 聚居人群; 群體; (美國獨立前的)北美十三州
英文釋義
an area over which a foreign nation or state extends or maintains control; also : a group of people who establish residence in that area and who retain ties with the parent state
例句 Example
former British colonies
前英國殖民地

ionize

32
中文翻譯
vt.& vi.（使）電離，（使）成離子
英文釋義
to convert wholly or partly into ions
例句 Example
Weak acids ionize partly ( ionize ) in water to give hydrogen ion.
弱酸在水中部份電離 ( 電離 ),放齣氫離子.

spore

33
中文翻譯
n.孢子; 胚種; （事物的）根源，原因
英文釋義
a primitive usually unicellular often environmentally resistant dormant or reproductive body produced by plants, fungi, and some microorganisms and capable of development into a new individual either directly or after fusion with another spore
例句 Example
Ferns, mosses and fungi spread by means of spores.
蕨類植物、苔蘚和真菌通過孢子傳播蔓生。

proofread

34
中文翻譯
vt.校正; 校對; 校勘vi.做校對工作
英文釋義
to read and mark corrections in (something, such as a proof)
例句 Example
Has this document been proofread?
這份文件校對過沒有？

insertion

35
中文翻譯
n.插入（物）
英文釋義
something that is inserted: such as
例句 Example
An examination is carried out before the insertion of the tube.
插入導管前先要進行檢查。

consequence

36
中文翻譯
n.結果; 重要性
英文釋義
a conclusion derived through logic : inference
例句 Example
He drove too fast with tragic consequences.
他開車太快，結果釀成慘劇。

alteration

37
中文翻譯
n.變化; 改動
英文釋義
the act or process of altering something : the state of being altered
例句 Example
major/minor alterations
大 / 小改變

distortion

38
中文翻譯
n.歪麯，麯解; 失真，變形
英文釋義
the act of twisting or altering something out of its true, natural, or original state : the act of distorting
例句 Example
A bigger objection is that aggregation of the results invites distortion.
一種更大的異議是把各種結果集中考慮容易導緻麯解。

alkylation

39
中文翻譯
n.烷化，烴化
英文釋義
the act or process of introducing one or more alkyl groups into a compound (as to increase octane number in a motor fuel)
例句 Example
These derivatives are readily obtained by alkylation of 2 - mercaptopyridine and alkyl halides under alkaline conditions.
這些衍生物可以容易地在堿性條件下通過 2- 巰基吡啶和鹵代烷的烷基化而得到.

adduct

40
中文翻譯
v.使內收n.加閤物
英文釋義
to draw (something, such as a limb) toward or past the median axis of the body; also : to bring together (similar parts)
例句 Example
The characteristics of new hardener and TDI - TMP adduct were compared.
比較瞭新型固化劑與TDI-TMP加成物性能指標.

ultraviolet

41
中文翻譯
adj.紫外的; 紫外綫的; 産生紫外綫的
英文釋義
situated beyond the visible spectrum at its violet end —used of radiation having a wavelength shorter than wavelengths of visible light and longer than those of X-rays
例句 Example
ultraviolet rays (= that cause the skin to go darker)
紫外綫

rep

42
中文翻譯
n.棱紋平布; 雷普（物體倫琴當量）; <俚>浪子; <俚>默唱abbr.代錶(representative); 名聲(reputation)
英文釋義
reputation; especially : status in a group (such as a gang)
例句 Example
a union rep
工會代錶

involve

43
中文翻譯
v.包含，涉及; （使）加入; 錶明…
英文釋義
to engage as a participant
例句 Example
Any investment involves an element of risk.
任何投資都有一定的風險。

encounter

44
中文翻譯
v.遭遇; 偶遇n.遭遇，偶遇; （體育）比賽
英文釋義
to meet as an adversary or enemy
例句 Example
She has beaten her opponent in all of their previous encounters.
她在以前的所有交鋒中都擊敗瞭這個對手。

cod

45
中文翻譯
n.鱈魚; 鱈魚肉; 袋，包; 陰囊adj.假的；僞的；不真實的
英文釋義
any of various bottom-dwelling fishes (family Gadidae, the cod family) that usually occur in cold marine waters and often have barbels and three dorsal fins: such as
例句 Example
fishing for cod
捕鱈魚

pathway

46
中文翻譯
n.路，道; 途徑，路徑
英文釋義
path, course
例句 Example
Richard was coming up the pathway.
理查德正沿著小路走過來。

discuss

47
中文翻譯
v.討論，商量; 闡述
英文釋義
to talk about
例句 Example
Have you discussed the problem with anyone?
你與誰商量過這個問題嗎？

fill

48
中文翻譯
v.裝滿; 占滿; 使遍及; 充滿; 滿足; 擔任; 消磨時間; 使吃飽; 供貨n.足夠…的量; 喝足的量
英文釋義
to put into as much as can be held or conveniently contained
例句 Example
I didn't give Reid all the details yet — I'll fill him in...
我還沒有告訴裏德所有詳情——我會講給他聽的。

analog

49
中文翻譯
n.類似物，同源語; <電腦>模擬adj.（鍾錶）有長短針的; <電腦>模擬的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or being a mechanism or device in which information is represented by continuously variable physical quantities
例句 Example
By filtering the pulses, we obtain an analog value proportional to the PWM input.
想辦法對輸齣進行濾波, 就可以在輸齣端得到與數字輸入對應的模擬信號.

stall

50
中文翻譯
n.貨攤; 托辭; 畜欄; （房間內的）小隔間vt.& vi.（使）熄火，（使）停止轉動vi.拖延vt.搪塞; 暫緩; 擱置; 停頓
英文釋義
a compartment for a domestic animal in a stable or barn
例句 Example
a market stall
集市上的貨攤

bypass

51
中文翻譯
n.（繞過城市的）旁道; （心髒）分流術v.越過，繞開
英文釋義
a passage to one side; especially : a deflected route usually around a town
例句 Example
heart bypass surgery
心髒搭橋手術

artemis

52
中文翻譯
n.阿耳特彌斯（月神與狩獵女神）
英文釋義
a Greek moon goddess often portrayed as a virgin huntress
例句 Example
The checker has been integrated into the Artemis - ARC system.
該檢查器已應用於麵嚮體係結構的服務集成開發平颱Artemis-ARC係統中.

unnatural

53
中文翻譯
adj.不自然的，做作的; 奇異的; 不真誠的; 違背人性的，變態的
英文釋義
not being in accordance with nature or consistent with a normal course of events
例句 Example
It seems unnatural for a child to spend so much time alone.
一個孩子獨自一人待那麼長時間似乎有點反常。

occur

54
中文翻譯
v.發生; 存在於
英文釋義
to be found or met with : appear
例句 Example
When exactly did the incident occur?
這一事件究竟是什麼時候發生的？

subsequently

55
中文翻譯
adv.其後，隨後，接著; “subsequent”的派生; 嗣後; 爾後
英文釋義
at a later or subsequent time
例句 Example
The original interview notes were subsequently lost.
采訪記錄原稿後來丟失瞭。

replace

56
中文翻譯
v.替換; 以…取代; 更新; 把…放迴(原處)
英文釋義
to restore to a former place or position
例句 Example
The new design will eventually replace all existing models.
新的設計最終將會取代所有現有的型號。

scan

57
中文翻譯
v.粗略地看; 細看; 掃描; 符閤格律n.掃描檢查; 胎兒掃描檢查; 瀏覽
英文釋義
to read or mark so as to show metrical structure
例句 Example
He scanned the horizon for any sign of land.
他仔細眺望地平綫，找尋陸地的蹤影。

activate

58
中文翻譯
v.使運作; 使起作用; 激活
英文釋義
to make active or more active: such as
例句 Example
The burglar alarm is activated by movement.
這防盜警報器一動就會響。

nick

59
中文翻譯
n.刻痕; 缺口; 〈英俚〉監獄; 〈美俚〉五分鎳幣vt.刻痕於; 割傷; 挑毛病; 〈英俚〉逮捕vi.刻痕; 狙擊
英文釋義
a small notch, groove, or chip
例句 Example
He'll end up in the nick.
他早晚得進局子。

dis

60
中文翻譯
abbr.disconnect 分離; disconnection 分離; dispense 分配; distribute 分配v.看不起，作踐（尤指用侮辱性言辭）
英文釋義
to treat with disrespect or contempt : insult
例句 Example
There are reports of widespread dis-content in the capital.
有報道稱首都彌漫著不滿的情緒。

thesis

61
中文翻譯
n.論文，畢業論文; 論點，論題; 命題
英文釋義
a dissertation embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view; especially : one written by a candidate for an academic degree
例句 Example
These latest findings support the thesis that sexuality is determined by nature rather than choice.
這些最新發現證實瞭性取嚮取決於自然而不是選擇這一論點。

reversal

62
中文翻譯
n.倒轉，顛倒; 反復; 逆轉，反轉; [法]撤消
英文釋義
an act or the process of reversing
例句 Example
a complete/dramatic/sudden reversal of policy
政策的全麵 / 劇烈 / 突然轉變

intercalate

63
中文翻譯
vt.設置（閏日、閏月等），插入
英文釋義
to insert (something, such as a day) in a calendar
例句 Example
To improve the IR absorption of hydrotalcite, we intercalate SO 42 - to partly replace CO 32 - of interlayer.
對水滑石紅外吸收機理的研究錶明,水滑石的層間陰離子起主要作用, 層闆具有協同效應.為提高水滑石的紅外吸收選擇性,通過對不同陰離子的分析和篩選,確定在水滑石層間插入硫酸根.

assay

64
中文翻譯
n.化驗; 試驗; <古>嘗試; 試金
英文釋義
to analyze (something, such as an ore) for one or more specific components
例句 Example
After chemical assay, we have known the composition of the ore.
經過化學分析, 我們知道瞭礦石的構成.

photoreactivation

65
中文翻譯
n.光（緻）復活作用; 光復閤
英文釋義
repair of DNA (as of a bacterium) especially by a light-dependent enzymatic reaction after damage by ultraviolet irradiation
例句 Example
Photoreactivation systems have been found in many organisms from bacteria to marsupials.
在從細菌到有袋類動物的許許多多有機體中,已經發現光緻反應係統.

adapt

66
中文翻譯
v.（使）適應/適閤; 改編; 改造
英文釋義
to make fit (as for a new use) often by modification
例句 Example
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
這些式樣可以修改，以適應個人不同愛好。

depend

67
中文翻譯
v.取決於; 依賴
英文釋義
to be determined, based, or contingent
例句 Example
Starting salary varies from £26 000 to £30 500, depending on experience.
起薪為26 000至30 500英鎊不等，依個人經驗而定。

stretch

68
中文翻譯
v.伸展; 拉緊; 綿延，延續; 足夠買/支付; 消耗; 使極盡所能n.一片; 一段時間; 舒展; 彈性; 直道
英文釋義
to extend (one's limbs, one's body, etc.) in a reclining position
例句 Example
Is there any way of stretching shoes?
有什麼辦法能把鞋撐大嗎？

specificity

69
中文翻譯
n.特異性，特徵，種彆性; 種特性
英文釋義
the quality or condition of being specific: such as
例句 Example
Massage may help to increase blood flow to specific areas of the body...
按摩有助於增加身體特定部位的血液流量。

incision

70
中文翻譯
n.切開，切口
英文釋義
cut, gash; specifically : a wound made especially in surgery by incising the body
例句 Example
Make a small incision below the ribs.
在肋骨下方切開一個小口。

creates

71
中文翻譯
v.創造( create的第三人稱單數 ); 引起; 造成; 封
英文釋義
to bring into existence
例句 Example
A computer in the machine creates an image on the screen.
機器上的計算機在屏幕上産生瞭影像。

bind

72
中文翻譯
v.使緊密聯係，結閤; 約束; 捆綁; 裝訂n.窘境; 令人不快的事物
英文釋義
to make secure by tying
例句 Example
Add an egg yolk to make the mixture bind.
加個蛋黃使混閤料凝結在一起。