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📖 Chapter11

72
總詞彙
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strand

1
中文翻譯
n.（繩子的）股，絞; 海濱，河岸; （思想等的）一個組成部分vt.使滯留，使擱淺; 使陷於睏境vi.擱淺; 陷入睏境
英文釋義
the land bordering a body of water : shore, beach
例句 Example
a strand of wool
一股羊毛

gene

2
中文翻譯
n.基因
英文釋義
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the structure of a particular polypeptide and especially a protein or controlling the function of other genetic material
例句 Example
a dominant/recessive gene
顯性 / 隱性基因

filament

3
中文翻譯
n.[印，紡]長絲，單縴維; [電]燈絲，絲極，遊絲; 細絲，絲狀體; [植]（雄蕊的）花絲
英文釋義
a single thread or a thin flexible threadlike object, process, or appendage : such as
例句 Example
glass/metal filaments
玻璃 / 金屬絲

mat

4
中文翻譯
n.席子，墊子; （體育運動用的）厚墊子; 襯邊; 團，簇
英文釋義
a piece of coarse, woven, plaited, or felted fabric used especially as a floor covering or a support
例句 Example
Wipe your feet on the mat before you come in, please.
請在墊子上擦擦腳再進來。

chi

5
中文翻譯
n.希臘字母的第 22字
英文釋義
the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet
例句 Example
Shops in Ho Chi Minh City are stacked with goods.
鬍誌明市的商店裏堆滿瞭商品。

switch

6
中文翻譯
n.（電路的）開關，閘，轉換器; 改變，轉變v.改變，轉變; 交換，調換; 調班
英文釋義
a slender flexible whip, rod, or twig
例句 Example
a light switch
電燈開關

junction

7
中文翻譯
n.連接，接閤; 會閤點，接閤點; （公路或鐵路的）交叉路口; （電纜等的）主結點
英文釋義
an act of joining : the state of being joined
例句 Example
It was near the junction of City Road and Old Street.
那是在城市路與老街的交叉路口附近。

occurs

8
中文翻譯
v.發生( occur的第三人稱單數 ); 被想起; 被發現; （尤指基督教節日與彆的節日）適逢同日
英文釋義
to be found or met with : appear
例句 Example
If a crime occurs then there is, ipso facto, a guilty party.
如果犯罪發生瞭，那麼根據事實本身，就會有有罪的一方。

conversion

9
中文翻譯
n.轉變，轉換; （信仰）改變，皈依; （橄欖球運動中的）附加得分
英文釋義
the act of converting : the process of being converted
例句 Example
No conversion from analogue to digital data is needed.
沒有必要把模擬轉換為數字數據。

locus

10
中文翻譯
n.所在地，場所; 核心; 色點; 圓圖
英文釋義
the place where something is situated or occurs : site, location
例句 Example
Barcelona is the locus of Spanish industry...
巴塞羅那是西班牙工業中心。

occur

11
中文翻譯
v.發生; 存在於
英文釋義
to be found or met with : appear
例句 Example
When exactly did the incident occur?
這一事件究竟是什麼時候發生的？

generate

12
中文翻譯
vt.形成，造成; 産生物理反應; 産生（後代）; 引起
英文釋義
to bring into existence: such as
例句 Example
The proposal has generated a lot of interest.
這項建議引起眾多的關注。

sequence

13
中文翻譯
n.[數]數列，序列; 順序; 連續; 片斷插麯vt.使按順序排列，安排順序; [生化]確定…的順序，確定…的化學結構序列
英文釋義
a hymn in irregular meter between the gradual and Gospel in masses for special occasions (such as Easter)
例句 Example
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
他描述瞭搶劫案發生前的一係列有關情況。

splice

14
中文翻譯
vt.絞接; 撚接（兩段繩子）; 膠接; 粘接（膠片、磁帶等）n.膠接處，粘接處，鉸接處
英文釋義
to unite (two ropes or two parts of a rope) by interweaving the strands
例句 Example
He taught me to edit and splice film...
他教我剪輯和粘接膠片。

tail

15
中文翻譯
n.尾（巴）; 尾部; 燕尾服; 尾隨者，跟蹤者v.跟蹤，尾隨; 裝上尾巴
英文釋義
the rear end or a process or prolongation of the rear end of the body of an animal
例句 Example
The dog ran up, wagging its tail.
那條狗搖著尾巴跑上前去。

rev

16
中文翻譯
n.<口>發動機的鏇轉vt.& vi.<口>（使）加速; （數量、活動等）激增; （使發動機）快速鏇轉; （使）活躍起來
英文釋義
a revolution of a motor
例句 Example
The taxi driver revved up his engine.
齣租車司機把發動機發動起來。

cleave

17
中文翻譯
v.劈開; 緊貼; 迅速穿過; 信守
英文釋義
to adhere firmly and closely or loyally and unwaveringly
例句 Example
a ship cleaving through the water
破浪前進的船

heteroduplex

18
中文翻譯
n.& adj.異源雙鏈核酸分子（的）
英文釋義
a nucleic-acid molecule (such as DNA) composed of two chains with each derived from a different parent molecule
例句 Example
Conclusion Heteroduplex - SSCP analysis is simple, economical andalone and it may be widely applied in mutational screening.
結論異源雙鏈-SSCP法突變檢齣率高,經濟、簡便, 值得在基因突變篩查中推廣應用.

generates

19
中文翻譯
v.生（兒、女）( generate的第三人稱單數 ); （通過物理或化學過程）發生; 生成; 引起
英文釋義
to bring into existence: such as
例句 Example
This new boiler generates more heat than the old one.
這個新鍋爐産生的熱量比舊鍋爐多.

involve

20
中文翻譯
v.包含，涉及; （使）加入; 錶明…
英文釋義
to engage as a participant
例句 Example
Any investment involves an element of risk.
任何投資都有一定的風險。

express

21
中文翻譯
v.錶達，錶示; 不言自明; 擠齣; 快遞adj.明確的; 特快的; 用快遞寄送的adv.用快遞寄齣某物n.特快列車; 長途汽車; 快遞服務
英文釋義
to represent in words : state
例句 Example
As soon as I receive payment I will express the book to you.
我一收到款就把書用快遞給你寄去。

describe

22
中文翻譯
v.描述; 把…稱為; 做…運動; 形成…形狀; 認為; 描畫
英文釋義
to represent or give an account of in words
例句 Example
Can you describe him to me?
你能嚮我描述一下他的樣子嗎？

subunit

23
中文翻譯
n.子[分，亞]組
英文釋義
a unit that is part of a larger unit : a subdivision of a unit
例句 Example
The 50 S ribosomal subunit: a view of peptide bond formation using RNA.
50S核糖體亞基: 利用RNA閤成肽鍵的觀點.

macmillan

24
中文翻譯
abbr.Macmillan Publishing Co. 麥剋米蘭齣版公司
英文釋義
(Maurice) Harold 1894—1986 British prime minister (1957—63)
例句 Example
The Macmillan Guide had forewarned me of what to expect.
《麥剋米倫指南》已經事先告誡過我會遇到什麼情況。

eukaryote

25
中文翻譯
n.真核細胞
英文釋義
any of a domain (Eukarya) or a higher taxonomic group (Eukaryota) above the kingdom that includes organisms composed of one or more cells containing visibly evident nuclei and organelles
例句 Example
Amazingly, these mitochondria were once free - living bacteria that were captured by an early single - celled eukaryote.
令人驚奇的是, 這些綫粒體曾是被早期 單細胞 真核生物俘獲的自生細菌.

promote

26
中文翻譯
v.促進; 促銷; 晉升; 使…升級
英文釋義
to advance in station, rank, or honor : raise
例句 Example
policies to promote economic growth
促進經濟增長的政策

enters

27
中文翻譯
v.進入( enter的第三人稱單數 ); 進去; 參加; 登記
英文釋義
to go or come in
例句 Example
It never enters his mind that anyone is better than him.
他從沒想過會有誰比他更好。

intermediate

28
中文翻譯
adj.中間的，中級的n.中間物，中間分子，中間人
英文釋義
being or occurring at the middle place, stage, or degree or between extremes
例句 Example
an intermediate stage/step in a process
中間階段 / 步驟

resection

29
中文翻譯
n.切除術; 後方交會; 反切法
英文釋義
the surgical removal of part of an organ or structure
例句 Example
Small bowel intussuception may require resection.
小腸腸套疊需做腸切除術.

allele

30
中文翻譯
n.等位基因，等位片段
英文釋義
any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus
例句 Example
The mutation was confirmed by allele specific PCR ( ASPCR ).
應用等位基因特異性 PCR 驗證測序所發現的突變.

recombine

31
中文翻譯
vt.再結閤，重組
英文釋義
to combine again or anew
例句 Example
The recombine of property is the main form which realizes the strategic adjustment.
資産重組是實現這一戰略性調整的主要形式。

mismatch

32
中文翻譯
n.錯配，失諧
英文釋義
a faulty or unsuitable match
例句 Example
a mismatch between people's real needs and the available facilities
人民的切實需要和現有設施之間的不協調

duplex

33
中文翻譯
n.連棟式的兩棟住宅; 聯式房屋; 占兩層樓的公寓套房; 復式住宅
英文釋義
having two principal elements or parts : double, twofold
例句 Example
The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
全酶還能識彆DNA雙鏈分子上的特定核苷酸序列 ( 起動基因 ).

resolve

34
中文翻譯
vt.& vi.決定; 決心vt.使消釋; 使分解，使解體; （指委員會或集會）錶決; 消退（炎癥等）vi.下決定; 分解; 解決n.決意，決定，堅決; （會議等的）決議
英文釋義
to deal with successfully : clear up
例句 Example
to resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisis
解決問題 / 爭端 / 衝突 / 危機

encounter

35
中文翻譯
v.遭遇; 偶遇n.遭遇，偶遇; （體育）比賽
英文釋義
to meet as an adversary or enemy
例句 Example
She has beaten her opponent in all of their previous encounters.
她在以前的所有交鋒中都擊敗瞭這個對手。

specifically

36
中文翻譯
adv.特有地，明確地; 按種彆地; 按特性地
英文釋義
in a specific manner : in a definite and exact way : with precision
例句 Example
I specifically told you not to go near the water!
我明確告訴過你不要靠近水邊！

observe

37
中文翻譯
v.觀察; 看到; 評論; 遵守; 慶祝
英文釋義
to conform one's action or practice to (something, such as a law, rite, or condition) : comply with
例句 Example
Have you observed any changes lately?
最近你注意到什麼變化沒有？

fork

38
中文翻譯
n.餐叉; 岔口; 耙vi.分叉vt.叉起
英文釋義
an implement with two or more prongs used especially for taking up (as in eating), pitching, or digging
例句 Example
to eat with a knife and fork
用刀叉吃東西

flank

39
中文翻譯
n.側麵; 側翼; 脅腹v.兩側（或一側）有; 在…側麵
英文釋義
the fleshy part of the side between the ribs and the hip; broadly : the side of a quadruped
例句 Example
She left the courtroom flanked by armed guards.
她在武裝警衛護送下離開法庭。

bind

40
中文翻譯
v.使緊密聯係，結閤; 約束; 捆綁; 裝訂n.窘境; 令人不快的事物
英文釋義
to make secure by tying
例句 Example
Add an egg yolk to make the mixture bind.
加個蛋黃使混閤料凝結在一起。

presynaptic

41
中文翻譯
adj.突觸前的
英文釋義
of, occurring in, or being a neuron by which a nerve impulse is conveyed to a synapse
例句 Example
A neurotransmitter must be present within the presynaptic neuron.
突觸前神經元必須存在神經遞質.

genet

42
中文翻譯
n.（非洲、南歐、西亞産的）香貓
英文釋義
any of a genus (Genetta) of small Old World usually carnivorous viverrid mammals related to the civets and having retractile claws, spotted or striped fur, and a ringed tail
例句 Example
Genet teaches you to think creatively.
吉尼特教你創造性地思考問題。

segment

43
中文翻譯
n.部分，段落; 環節; [計算機]（字符等的）分段; [動物學]節片v.分割；劃分
英文釋義
a portion cut off from a geometric figure by one or more points, lines, or planes: such as
例句 Example
She cleaned a small segment of the painting.
她擦乾淨瞭這幅畫的一小部分。

label

44
中文翻譯
n.標簽; 標記; 稱謂; 唱片公司v.貼標簽於; 用標簽錶明; （尤指不公平地）把…稱之為
英文釋義
a slip (as of paper or cloth) inscribed and affixed to something for identification or description
例句 Example
The washing instructions are on the label.
洗滌說明在標簽上。

adapt

45
中文翻譯
v.（使）適應/適閤; 改編; 改造
英文釋義
to make fit (as for a new use) often by modification
例句 Example
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
這些式樣可以修改，以適應個人不同愛好。

coat

46
中文翻譯
n.外套，大衣; （動物）皮毛; 塗料層v.給…塗上一層; 覆蓋
英文釋義
an outer garment worn on the upper body and varying in length and style according to fashion and use
例句 Example
a fur/leather coat
毛皮 / 皮大衣

nucleotide

47
中文翻譯
n.<生化>核苷酸
英文釋義
any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids (such as RNA and DNA)
例句 Example
The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
全酶還能識彆DNA雙鏈分子上的特定核苷酸序列 ( 起動基因 ).

chromatid

48
中文翻譯
n.染色單體
英文釋義
one of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere
例句 Example
METHODSTo determine the sister chromatid exchanges SCE of chronic alcoholism patients by peripheral blood culture.
應用外周全血淋巴細胞培養方法檢測慢性酒精中毒患者淋巴細胞姐妹染色單體交換率.

gamete

49
中文翻譯
n.接閤體，配偶子
英文釋義
a mature male or female germ cell usually possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex
例句 Example
The typical male gamete is small , notile ( by means of UNDULIPODIA ), and produced in large numbers.
在許多簡單原始生物體中, 配子具有相似的結構和功能 ( 同形配子 ).

anneal

50
中文翻譯
vt.使退火; 韌煉，鍛煉
英文釋義
to heat and then cool (a material, such as steel or glass) usually for softening and making less brittle; also : to cool slowly usually in a furnace
例句 Example
Firstly, equiaxed microstructure could be produced by treatments including hot compression and duplex anneal.
本文首先通過變形及雙重退火獲得瞭很好的等軸組織.

associate

51
中文翻譯
v.聯想，聯係; 使與（某個組織、事業或觀點）有關係; 公開支持; 與…交往n.同事，夥伴; 閤夥人adj.（錶示頭銜）副的，準的; 有關聯的
英文釋義
to join as a partner, friend, or companion
例句 Example
I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.
一聞到烘烤食物的味道我就想起瞭童年。

consequence

52
中文翻譯
n.結果; 重要性
英文釋義
a conclusion derived through logic : inference
例句 Example
He drove too fast with tragic consequences.
他開車太快，結果釀成慘劇。

depend

53
中文翻譯
v.取決於; 依賴
英文釋義
to be determined, based, or contingent
例句 Example
Starting salary varies from £26 000 to £30 500, depending on experience.
起薪為26 000至30 500英鎊不等，依個人經驗而定。

discuss

54
中文翻譯
v.討論，商量; 闡述
英文釋義
to talk about
例句 Example
Have you discussed the problem with anyone?
你與誰商量過這個問題嗎？

experiment

55
中文翻譯
n.實驗; 試用v.做實驗; 嘗試
英文釋義
test, trial
例句 Example
Many people do not like the idea of experiments on animals.
許多人不贊成在動物身上做試驗。

polarity

56
中文翻譯
n.[物]極性; [生]反嚮性; 對立; [數]配極
英文釋義
the quality or condition inherent in a body that exhibits opposite properties or powers in opposite parts or directions or that exhibits contrasted properties or powers in contrasted parts or directions : the condition of having poles
例句 Example
the growing polarity between the left and right wings of the party
黨內左右兩派間日益明顯的對立

terminate

57
中文翻譯
vt.& vi.結束; 使終結; 解雇; 到達終點站
英文釋義
to form an ending
例句 Example
Your contract of employment terminates in December.
你的聘約十二月份到期。

invade

58
中文翻譯
vt.& vi.侵入，侵略; 進行侵略; 蜂擁而入，擠滿; （疾病，聲音等）襲來，侵襲vt.湧入; 侵襲; 侵犯; 乾擾
英文釋義
to enter for conquest or plunder
例句 Example
Troops invaded on August 9th that year.
軍隊是在那年的8月9日入侵的。

recognize

59
中文翻譯
vt.認齣; 識彆; 承認vi.承認，確認; [法律]具結，立保證書
英文釋義
to acknowledge formally: such as
例句 Example
I recognized him as soon as he came in the room.
他一進屋我就認齣瞭他。

postsynaptic

60
中文翻譯
adj.後聯會的，突觸後的; 突能的
英文釋義
occurring after synapsis
例句 Example
Neurotransmitter receptors mediate signal transduction postsynaptic membrane of synaptic connections between neurons in the nervous system.
大腦中神經元突觸間的信號傳遞是由許多神經遞質受體介導的.

encode

61
中文翻譯
vt.（將文字材料）譯成密碼; 編碼，編製成計算機語言
英文釋義
to convert (something, such as a body of information) from one system of communication into another; especially : to convert (a message) into code
例句 Example
The two parties encode confidential data in a form that is not directly readable by the other party...
雙方將機密資料加密，這樣對方就無法直接讀取資料。

frequency

62
中文翻譯
n.頻繁性; [數][物]頻率，次數; 頻率分布
英文釋義
the fact or condition of occurring frequently
例句 Example
The program can show us word frequency (= how often words occur in a language) .
這個程序可給我們顯示詞頻。

catalyze

63
中文翻譯
vt.催化，促進
英文釋義
to bring about the catalysis of (a chemical reaction)
例句 Example
Any unexpected circumstance that arises may catalyze a sudden escalation of violence.
任何突如其來的情況都可能造成暴力驟然升級。

restart

64
中文翻譯
v.重新開始
英文釋義
to start anew
例句 Example
to restart a game
重新開始遊戲

collapse

65
中文翻譯
v.（突然）倒塌; 崩潰，瓦解; 暈倒; 躺下放鬆n.倒閉; 倒塌; 暈倒; 暴跌
英文釋義
to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely : fall into a jumbled or flattened mass through the force of external pressure
例句 Example
She was taken to hospital after her collapse at work.
她在工作時暈倒後被送進瞭醫院。

involves

66
中文翻譯
v.錶明（某人參與瞭罪行等）( involve的第三人稱單數 ); 使參與; 牽涉; 使專心於
英文釋義
to engage as a participant
例句 Example
The evaluation of conduct involves some amount of generalization.
對操行的評價會含有一些泛泛之論。

eukaryotes

67
中文翻譯
n.[生物] 真核生物; 真核細胞（eucaryote的復數形式）
英文釋義
any of a domain (Eukarya) or a higher taxonomic group (Eukaryota) above the kingdom that includes organisms composed of one or more cells containing visibly evident nuclei and organelles
例句 Example
The general features of nucleosome structure appear to be similar in all eukaryotes.
核小體結構的一般特性似乎在所有的真核生物中都很相似.

initiate

68
中文翻譯
vt.開始，發起; 傳授; 創始，開闢; 接納新成員n.新加入某組織（或機構、宗教）的人，新入會的人; 被傳授初步知識的人
英文釋義
to cause or facilitate the beginning of : set going
例句 Example
to initiate legal proceedings against sb
對某人提起訴訟

contain

69
中文翻譯
v.裝有; 包含; 遏製; 控製; 剋製
英文釋義
to keep within limits: such as
例句 Example
This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
這種飲料不含任何酒精。

branch

70
中文翻譯
n.樹枝; 分支，旁係; 部門，機構; 支流，岔路; （血管）分枝v.分支; 分岔
英文釋義
a natural subdivision of a plant stem; especially : a secondary shoot or stem (such as a bough) arising from a main axis (as of a tree)
例句 Example
the anti-terrorist branch
反恐部門

marker

71
中文翻譯
n.標識，標記; 記號筆，閱捲人; 防守隊員; 特徵
英文釋義
one that marks
例句 Example
a boundary marker
界標

extension

72
中文翻譯
n.延伸; 增加的房間; 擴建部分; 延期; 延長; 展期; 擴大; 電話分機; 進修部; 擴展名
英文釋義
the action of extending : state of being extended
例句 Example
We have an extension in the bedroom.
我們的臥室裏有一個分機。