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📖 Chapter14

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總詞彙
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splice

1
中文翻譯
vt.絞接; 撚接（兩段繩子）; 膠接; 粘接（膠片、磁帶等）n.膠接處，粘接處，鉸接處
英文釋義
to unite (two ropes or two parts of a rope) by interweaving the strands
例句 Example
He taught me to edit and splice film...
他教我剪輯和粘接膠片。

exon

2
中文翻譯
外顯子
英文釋義
a polynucleotide sequence in a nucleic acid that codes information for protein synthesis and that is copied and spliced together with other such sequences to form messenger RNA
例句 Example
Four gene polymorphisms were identified in exon 7. They were Gly 551 X ( GGC → GGT ), Arg 554 His ( CGT → CAT ), Gln 567 Arg ( CAA → CGA ) and Val 582 Ile ( GTC → ATC ).
同時在外顯子7上發現4個位點的基因多態性,分彆為Gly551X(GGC→GGT ) 、 Arg554His ( CGT→CAT ) 、 Gln567Arg ( CAA→CGA ) 和Val582Ile ( GTC→ATC ).

intron

3
中文翻譯
n.基因內區
英文釋義
a polynucleotide sequence in a nucleic acid that does not code information for protein synthesis and is removed before translation of messenger RNA
例句 Example
Initial analysis indicates that genome size and intron density is positively correlated to total intron size.
初步的統計結果錶明:基因組大小跟內含子總大小、內含子密度成正比的關係.

gene

4
中文翻譯
n.基因
英文釋義
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the structure of a particular polypeptide and especially a protein or controlling the function of other genetic material
例句 Example
a dominant/recessive gene
顯性 / 隱性基因

sequence

5
中文翻譯
n.[數]數列，序列; 順序; 連續; 片斷插麯vt.使按順序排列，安排順序; [生化]確定…的順序，確定…的化學結構序列
英文釋義
a hymn in irregular meter between the gradual and Gospel in masses for special occasions (such as Easter)
例句 Example
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
他描述瞭搶劫案發生前的一係列有關情況。

edit

6
中文翻譯
v. 剪輯; 編輯; 主編
英文釋義
to prepare (something, such as literary material) for publication or public presentation
例句 Example
They're showing the edited highlights of last month's game.
他們正在放映上月比賽的精彩片段剪輯。

mrna

7
中文翻譯
信使RNA
英文釋義
messenger rna
例句 Example
Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA.
tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一樣, 都是染色體DNA的轉錄産物.

cod

8
中文翻譯
n.鱈魚; 鱈魚肉; 袋，包; 陰囊adj.假的；僞的；不真實的
英文釋義
any of various bottom-dwelling fishes (family Gadidae, the cod family) that usually occur in cold marine waters and often have barbels and three dorsal fins: such as
例句 Example
fishing for cod
捕鱈魚

selector

9
中文翻譯
n.選擇者，選擇器
英文釋義
chosen from a number or group by fitness or preference
例句 Example
...the England cricket selectors.
英格蘭闆球隊的選拔委員

component

10
中文翻譯
n.組成部分，成分adj.組成的，構成的
英文釋義
a constituent part : ingredient
例句 Example
the components of a machine
機器部件

encode

11
中文翻譯
vt.（將文字材料）譯成密碼; 編碼，編製成計算機語言
英文釋義
to convert (something, such as a body of information) from one system of communication into another; especially : to convert (a message) into code
例句 Example
The two parties encode confidential data in a form that is not directly readable by the other party...
雙方將機密資料加密，這樣對方就無法直接讀取資料。

splicing

12
中文翻譯
n.編接（繩）; 插接; 撚接; 疊接v.絞接( splice的現在分詞 ); 撚接（兩段繩子）; 膠接; 粘接（膠片、磁帶等）
英文釋義
to unite (two ropes or two parts of a rope) by interweaving the strands
例句 Example
An ultra _ low _ loss splicing without conventional power monitoring could be achieved.
焊接最低損耗在非常規能源運作下將可能做到.

variant

13
中文翻譯
n.（詞等的）變體，（字音的）轉訛; [生]變種，變異體; 變形，變量，轉化; [統]變式adj.變異的；不同的，相異的，不一緻的；多樣的；易變的，不定的
英文釋義
manifesting variety, deviation, or disagreement
例句 Example
This game is a variant of baseball.
這種運動是由棒球演變而來的。

nucleotide

14
中文翻譯
n.<生化>核苷酸
英文釋義
any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids (such as RNA and DNA)
例句 Example
The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
全酶還能識彆DNA雙鏈分子上的特定核苷酸序列 ( 起動基因 ).

recognize

15
中文翻譯
vt.認齣; 識彆; 承認vi.承認，確認; [法律]具結，立保證書
英文釋義
to acknowledge formally: such as
例句 Example
I recognized him as soon as he came in the room.
他一進屋我就認齣瞭他。

dock

16
中文翻譯
n.碼頭; 月颱; 被告席; 酸模v.停靠碼頭; （使）在太空對接; 扣除
英文釋義
a place (such as a wharf or platform) for the loading or unloading of materials
例句 Example
They've docked 15% off my pay for this week.
本周他們扣掉瞭我15%的工資。

regulate

17
中文翻譯
v.控製; 調節; 管理
英文釋義
to govern or direct according to rule
例句 Example
The activities of credit companies are regulated by law.
信貸公司的業務受法律的製約。

bind

18
中文翻譯
v.使緊密聯係，結閤; 約束; 捆綁; 裝訂n.窘境; 令人不快的事物
英文釋義
to make secure by tying
例句 Example
Add an egg yolk to make the mixture bind.
加個蛋黃使混閤料凝結在一起。

mutually

19
中文翻譯
adv.互相地，互助; 對
英文釋義
directed by each toward the other or the others
例句 Example
a mutually beneficial/supportive relationship
互惠 / 互助的關係

contain

20
中文翻譯
v.裝有; 包含; 遏製; 控製; 剋製
英文釋義
to keep within limits: such as
例句 Example
This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
這種飲料不含任何酒精。

lariat

21
中文翻譯
n.（套捕馬、牛等用的）套索vt.用套索套捕
英文釋義
a long light rope (as of hemp or leather) used with a running noose to catch livestock or with or without the noose to tether grazing animals : lasso
例句 Example
The lariat hitched on one of his ears.
套索套住瞭他的一隻耳朵.

mediate

22
中文翻譯
vt.經調解解決; 斡鏇促成vi.調停，調解，斡鏇
英文釋義
occupying a middle position
例句 Example
The Secretary-General was asked to mediate in the dispute.
有人請秘書長來調解這次紛爭。

adenovirus

23
中文翻譯
n.腺病毒
英文釋義
any of a family (Adenoviridae) of double-stranded DNA viruses originally identified in human adenoid tissue, causing infections of the respiratory system, conjunctiva, and gastrointestinal tract, and including some capable of inducing malignant tumors in experimental animals
例句 Example
The adenovirus which are used in the cancer gene therapy replicatingformreplicating form.
基因導入係統是惡性腫瘤基因治療中急需解決的問題.

mutation

24
中文翻譯
n.變化; 轉變; 突變; 變異
英文釋義
a significant and basic alteration : change
例句 Example
cells affected by mutation
受到突變影響的細胞

trend

25
中文翻譯
n.趨勢，傾嚮; 規範，風尚
英文釋義
a prevailing tendency or inclination : drift
例句 Example
economic/social/political trends
經濟 / 社會 / 政治趨勢

acid

26
中文翻譯
n.酸adj.酸（性）的; 尖酸的，刻薄的
英文釋義
a sour substance; specifically : any of various typically water-soluble and sour compounds that in solution are capable of reacting with a base to form a salt, redden litmus, and have a pH less than 7, that are hydrogen-containing molecules or ions able to give up a proton to a base, or that are substances able to accept an unshared pair of electrons from a base
例句 Example
Rye is tolerant of poor, acid soils.
黑麥耐貧瘠的酸性土壤。

convert

27
中文翻譯
v.（使）轉變; 改造; 換算; （使）改變信仰; 使…迷上n.皈依者; 改變宗教信仰者; 剛迷上…的人
英文釋義
to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another
例句 Example
a convert to the cause
一位轉而支持這項事業的人

spliced

28
中文翻譯
adj.（針織品）加固的n.疊接v.絞接( splice的過去式和過去分詞 ); 撚接（兩段繩子）; 膠接; 粘接（膠片、磁帶等）
英文釋義
to unite (two ropes or two parts of a rope) by interweaving the strands
例句 Example
He spliced the two lengths of film together.
他把兩段膠捲粘接起來.

activator

29
中文翻譯
n.催化劑，觸媒劑
英文釋義
to make active or more active: such as
例句 Example
In a separate archive is the official localization and universal activator.
在單獨的存檔是正式的本地化和普遍激活.

insert

30
中文翻譯
vt.插入; 嵌入; （在文章中）添加; 加插n.添入物（尤指一頁印刷品圖中插入或套印的小圖）; （書報的）插頁; 插入物; 添加物
英文釋義
to put or thrust in
例句 Example
Insert coins into the slot and press for a ticket.
把硬幣放進投幣口，按鈕取票。

transcribe

31
中文翻譯
vt.（用不同的錄音手段）轉錄; 抄寫，謄寫; 改編（樂麯）（以適應他種樂器或聲部）
英文釋義
to make a written copy of
例句 Example
Clerks transcribe everything that is said in court.
書記員把在法庭上所有的話都記錄在案。

regulator

32
中文翻譯
n.校準者，[機]調整器，校準器，調節器，[化]調節劑，[無綫]穩定器，調節基因，（鍾錶的）整時器，標準鍾; 管理者，調整者，整理者; 原則，標準; [英史]選舉調查[監視]委員，監管者
英文釋義
one that regulates
例句 Example
Congress is being asked to investigate why it took so long for government regulators to shut the plant down...
人們要求國會調查政府監管機構為何花瞭這麼長時間纔關閉該工廠。

generate

33
中文翻譯
vt.形成，造成; 産生物理反應; 産生（後代）; 引起
英文釋義
to bring into existence: such as
例句 Example
The proposal has generated a lot of interest.
這項建議引起眾多的關注。

factor

34
中文翻譯
n.因素; 因子; 倍數; 係數v.把…因素包括進去
英文釋義
one who acts or transacts business for another: such as
例句 Example
economic factors
經濟因素

initially

35
中文翻譯
adv.開始; 最初
英文釋義
at the beginning : at first
例句 Example
Initially, the system worked well.
開始時係統運轉良好。

retain

36
中文翻譯
vt.保持; 留在心中，記住; 雇用; 付定金保留
英文釋義
to keep in possession or use
例句 Example
to retain your independence
保持獨立

isoforms

37
中文翻譯
[醫]亞型
英文釋義
any of two or more functionally similar proteins that have a similar but not an identical amino acid sequence
例句 Example
Objective : To investigate the influence of hepatitis and cirrhosis on hepatic UGT isoforms expression.
目的: 探討肝炎和肝硬化疾病對尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基轉移酶(UGT)錶達水平的影響.

express

38
中文翻譯
v.錶達，錶示; 不言自明; 擠齣; 快遞adj.明確的; 特快的; 用快遞寄送的adv.用快遞寄齣某物n.特快列車; 長途汽車; 快遞服務
英文釋義
to represent in words : state
例句 Example
As soon as I receive payment I will express the book to you.
我一收到款就把書用快遞給你寄去。

conserve

39
中文翻譯
v.保護，保存; 節約n.果醬，蜜餞
英文釋義
to keep in a safe or sound state; especially : to avoid wasteful or destructive use of
例句 Example
new laws to conserve wildlife in the area
保護該地區野生動物的新法令

pseudo

40
中文翻譯
adj.假的，虛僞的n.[口]假冒的人，僞君子
英文釋義
being apparently rather than actually as stated : sham, spurious
例句 Example
What a load of pompous, pseudo-intellectual rot.
真是自命不凡的僞知識分子的一派鬍言！

troponin

41
中文翻譯
n.肌鈣蛋白
英文釋義
a protein of muscle that together with tropomyosin forms a regulatory protein complex controlling the interaction of actin and myosin and that when combined with calcium ions permits muscular contraction
例句 Example
Myocardial troponin is a biomarker that reflects myocardial damage.
心肌肌鈣蛋白是反映心肌損傷的一項生物標誌物.

hiv

42
中文翻譯
abbr.hiver (French=winter) （法語）鼕季
英文釋義
either of two retroviruses that infect and destroy helper T cells of the immune system causing the marked reduction in their numbers that is diagnostic of AIDS —called also AIDS virus, human immunodeficiency virus
例句 Example
Both drugs slow the progression of HIV, but neither cures the disease.
這兩種藥物都可以延緩艾滋病病情發展，但是都不能治愈這種疾病。

deaminase

43
中文翻譯
n.脫氨（基）酶
英文釋義
an enzyme that hydrolyzes amino compounds (such as amino acids) with removal of the amino group
例句 Example
Deamination of threonine by the enzyme threonine deaminase produces α - ketobutyrate.
蘇氨酸被蘇氨酸脫氨酶脫氨産生α - 酮丁酸.

shuffle

44
中文翻譯
vt.洗牌; 曳腳而行; 搬移; 擱置，隨手放vi.曳腳走; 跳曳步舞; 移動; 推諉n.洗牌，混亂，濛混; 拖著腳走
英文釋義
to mix in a mass confusedly : jumble
例句 Example
He shuffled across the room to the window.
他拖著腳走到房間那頭的窗戶跟前。

codon

45
中文翻譯
n.密碼子，基碼
英文釋義
a specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis —called also triplet
例句 Example
Because of this coding relationship, triplet of bases is called a codon.
由於這種編碼關係, 堿基的三聯體被稱為密碼子.

mammalian

46
中文翻譯
n.哺乳動物adj.哺乳動物的
英文釋義
any of a class (Mammalia) of warm-blooded higher vertebrates (such as placentals, marsupials, or monotremes) that nourish their young with milk secreted by mammary glands, have the skin usually more or less covered with hair, and include humans
例句 Example
The disease can spread from one mammalian species to another.
這種疾病能夠在不同的哺乳類物種之間傳播。

encodes

47
中文翻譯
v.（將文字材料）譯成密碼( encode的第三人稱單數 ); 編碼，編製成計算機語言
英文釋義
to convert (something, such as a body of information) from one system of communication into another; especially : to convert (a message) into code
例句 Example
Its opening reading - frame ( ORF ) is 759 bp, and encodes a 253 amino acid peptide.
cDNA序列 為759bp, 編碼253個氨基酸,具有5個WD結構域.

neuron

48
中文翻譯
n.神經元; 神經細胞
英文釋義
a grayish or reddish granular cell that is the fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue transmitting and receiving nerve impulses and having cytoplasmic processes which are highly differentiated frequently as multiple dendrites or usually as solitary axons which conduct impulses to and away from the cell body : nerve cell
例句 Example
Information is transferred along each neuron by means of an electrical impulse.
信息在電脈衝作用下經神經元傳遞。

tract

49
中文翻譯
n.大片土地; （神經縴維的）束; 小冊子; <古>一段時間，長時間
英文釋義
a system of body parts or organs that act together to perform some function
例句 Example
the digestive tract
消化道

alternatively

50
中文翻譯
adv.二者擇一地; 要不然; 或者
英文釋義
offering or expressing a choice
例句 Example
The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively, you can organize your own transport.
旅行社將為你安排旅行，或者你也可以自己安排交通工具。

perform

51
中文翻譯
v.執行; 起…作用; 演齣; 錶現（好 / 不好）
英文釋義
to adhere to the terms of : fulfill
例句 Example
to perform an experiment/a miracle/a ceremony
做實驗；創奇跡；舉行儀式

interaction

52
中文翻譯
n.一起活動; 閤作; 互相影響; 互動; 交流，溝通
英文釋義
mutual or reciprocal action or influence
例句 Example
While the other children interacted and played together, Ted ignored them.
當彆的孩子相互交流、一起玩耍的時候,泰德對他們不予理睬。

associate

53
中文翻譯
v.聯想，聯係; 使與（某個組織、事業或觀點）有關係; 公開支持; 與…交往n.同事，夥伴; 閤夥人adj.（錶示頭銜）副的，準的; 有關聯的
英文釋義
to join as a partner, friend, or companion
例句 Example
I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.
一聞到烘烤食物的味道我就想起瞭童年。

determines

54
中文翻譯
v.（使）下決心， （使）做齣決定( determine的第三人稱單數 ); 決定; 確定; 使決定
英文釋義
to fix conclusively or authoritatively
例句 Example
What determines whether you are a career success or a failure?
事業的成敗取決於哪些因素？

skip

55
中文翻譯
v.跳; 不參加; 略過; 快速轉移; 悄悄溜走; 打水漂n.蹦跳; 廢料桶
英文釋義
to move or proceed with leaps and bounds or with a skip
例句 Example
She skipped happily along beside me.
她連蹦帶跳，高高興興地跟著我走。

discuss

56
中文翻譯
v.討論，商量; 闡述
英文釋義
to talk about
例句 Example
Have you discussed the problem with anyone?
你與誰商量過這個問題嗎？

inclusion

57
中文翻譯
n.包含; 內含物
英文釋義
the act of including : the state of being included
例句 Example
His inclusion in the team is in doubt.
他是否能被選入這個隊還未定案。

stretch

58
中文翻譯
v.伸展; 拉緊; 綿延，延續; 足夠買/支付; 消耗; 使極盡所能n.一片; 一段時間; 舒展; 彈性; 直道
英文釋義
to extend (one's limbs, one's body, etc.) in a reclining position
例句 Example
Is there any way of stretching shoes?
有什麼辦法能把鞋撐大嗎？

transcript

59
中文翻譯
n.抄本; 謄本; 打印本; 學生成績報告單
英文釋義
a written, printed, or typed copy; especially : a usually typed copy of dictated or recorded material
例句 Example
a transcript of the interview
采訪內容的文字稿

chapter

60
中文翻譯
n.章迴; 階段; 時期; 全體相關神職人員; 分會
英文釋義
a main division of a book
例句 Example
the local chapter of the Rotary club
扶輪國際的地方分會

fuse

61
中文翻譯
vi.熔化; 融閤vt.使融閤; 使融化; 給…裝信管n.保險絲; 導火綫; 雷管; 引信
英文釋義
to reduce to a liquid or plastic state by heat
例句 Example
Is this plug fused?
這個插頭有沒有安裝保險絲？

select

62
中文翻譯
v.選擇，選拔; （在計算機屏幕上）選定; adj.精選的; 第一流的; 高級的
英文釋義
chosen from a number or group by fitness or preference
例句 Example
He hasn't been selected for the team.
他未能入選進隊。

isoform

63
中文翻譯
同工型，同種型
英文釋義
any of two or more functionally similar proteins that have a similar but not an identical amino acid sequence
例句 Example
Physicochemical determinations may include isoform , electrophoretic , and liquid chromatographic patterns, as well as spectroscopic profiles.
物理化學性質包括異構體, 電泳和液相色譜行為及光譜性質等.

recognizes

64
中文翻譯
v.認齣( recognize的第三人稱單數 ); 承認[認清]（某事物）; 賞識; 承認…有效[屬實]
英文釋義
to acknowledge formally: such as
例句 Example
He recognizes enough notation to be able to follow a score.
他認得足夠多的樂符，看懂樂譜不成問題。

fold

65
中文翻譯
v.摺疊; 摺起; 包裹; 交叉; 停業n.褶子; 褶痕; （岩石層）褶皺; 羊圈; 山榖
英文釋義
to lay one part over another part of
例句 Example
The ironing board folds flat for easy storage.
燙衣闆能夠摺起來，便於存放。

adapt

66
中文翻譯
v.（使）適應/適閤; 改編; 改造
英文釋義
to make fit (as for a new use) often by modification
例句 Example
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
這些式樣可以修改，以適應個人不同愛好。

sst

67
中文翻譯
abbr.solid state triangulation 固體三角測量（自動調焦距係統）; stainless steel 不銹鋼; standing seam tin roof 立縫白鐵屋麵
英文釋義
supersonic transport
例句 Example
SST Mindong restructuring plan if approved, would provide a sample model.
SST閩東重組方案若能批準, 將提供示範性樣本.

pluripotency

68
中文翻譯
多能性
英文釋義
the property or state of being pluripotent
例句 Example
ES cells'pluripotency , however, makes this far too dangerous an approach for human therapy.
不過,由於胚胎乾細胞的多能性, 使得這種方法太危險,不適用於人體治療.

translate

69
中文翻譯
v.（翻）譯; (在另一語言中)意思是; (使)轉變為; 理解為
英文釋義
to turn into one's own or another language
例句 Example
He translated the letter into English.
他把這封信譯成瞭英文。

signal

70
中文翻譯
n.信號; 紅綠燈v.發信號; 示意adj.重大的
英文釋義
sign, indication
例句 Example
a danger/warning/distress etc. signal
危險、警告、求救等信號

discover

71
中文翻譯
v.發現，找到; 瞭解到; 發掘(人纔)
英文釋義
to make known or visible : expose
例句 Example
He was later discovered to be seriously ill.
後來纔瞭解到他患瞭重病。

encoded

72
中文翻譯
v.（將文字材料）譯成密碼( encode的過去式和過去分詞 ); 編碼，編製成計算機語言
英文釋義
to convert (something, such as a body of information) from one system of communication into another; especially : to convert (a message) into code
例句 Example
Book and borrower numbers are encoded on to bar - coded labels.
圖書和藉書者的編號編到瞭條形碼標記上.

displace

73
中文翻譯
v.替換，取代; 迫使（某人）離開傢園; 移動; 使失業
英文釋義
to remove from the usual or proper place; specifically : to expel or force to flee from home or homeland
例句 Example
Gradually factory workers have been displaced by machines.
工廠的工人已逐漸被機器取代。

element

74
中文翻譯
n.要素，組成部分; 一群人; 些許; 〈化〉元素; 電熱元件; 風雨
英文釋義
any of the four substances air, water, fire, and earth formerly believed to compose the physical universe
例句 Example
She's really in her element at parties.
她在社交聚會上真是如魚得水。