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📖 Chapter17

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replicase

1
中文翻譯
n.復製酶
英文釋義
a polymerase of viruses that promotes synthesis of a particular RNA in the presence of a template of RNA
例句 Example
There are several PDR strategies such ascoat, movement and replicase protein genes.
其中包括外殼蛋白(CP)基因 、 運動蛋白(MP)基因、復製酶基因以及病毒衛星RNA基因 等多種策略.

nucleotide

2
中文翻譯
n.<生化>核苷酸
英文釋義
any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids (such as RNA and DNA)
例句 Example
The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
全酶還能識彆DNA雙鏈分子上的特定核苷酸序列 ( 起動基因 ).

gene

3
中文翻譯
n.基因
英文釋義
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the structure of a particular polypeptide and especially a protein or controlling the function of other genetic material
例句 Example
a dominant/recessive gene
顯性 / 隱性基因

vesicle

4
中文翻譯
n.囊，泡，小泡; [醫]痘; 水皰
英文釋義
a membranous and usually fluid-filled pouch (such as a cyst, vacuole, or cell) in a plant or animal
例句 Example
In contrast to the process of vesicle formation, vesicle micelles appears to be a rapid process.
而相對於囊泡的形成, 囊泡的破壞過程是十分迅速的.

acid

5
中文翻譯
n.酸adj.酸（性）的; 尖酸的，刻薄的
英文釋義
a sour substance; specifically : any of various typically water-soluble and sour compounds that in solution are capable of reacting with a base to form a salt, redden litmus, and have a pH less than 7, that are hydrogen-containing molecules or ions able to give up a proton to a base, or that are substances able to accept an unshared pair of electrons from a base
例句 Example
Rye is tolerant of poor, acid soils.
黑麥耐貧瘠的酸性土壤。

replica

6
中文翻譯
n.復製品
英文釋義
an exact reproduction (as of a painting) executed by the original artist
例句 Example
a replica of the Eiffel tower
埃菲爾鐵塔模型

replicate

7
中文翻譯
vt.復製，復寫; 重復，反復; 摺轉; [生] 復製
英文釋義
duplicate, repeat
例句 Example
Subsequent experiments failed to replicate these findings.
後來的實驗沒有得齣同樣的結果。

primordial

8
中文翻譯
adj.初生的，初發的，原始的
英文釋義
first created or developed : primeval
例句 Example
primordial impulses
本能的衝動

fatty

9
中文翻譯
adj.油膩的; 肥胖的; 多脂肪的n.胖子
英文釋義
containing fat especially in unusual amounts; also : unduly stout : corpulent
例句 Example
fatty foods
高脂食物

mycoplasma

10
中文翻譯
n.支原體，支原菌
英文釋義
any of a genus (Mycoplasma of the family Mycoplasmataceae) of pleomorphic gram-negative chiefly nonmotile bacteria that lack a cell wall and are mostly parasitic usually in mammals —called also pleuropneumonia-like organism
例句 Example
The viruses are very simple constructed compared to even a mycoplasma cell.
即使與枝原體細胞相比,病毒的結構也是十分簡單的.

darwinian

11
中文翻譯
adj.達爾文主義的n.達爾文主義者
英文釋義
of or relating to Charles Darwin, his theories especially of evolution, or his followers
例句 Example
If Darwinian theory works so well, why challenge it?
既然達爾文學說已經被證實, 那末為什麼還要對它提齣挑戰 呢 ?

generate

12
中文翻譯
vt.形成，造成; 産生物理反應; 産生（後代）; 引起
英文釋義
to bring into existence: such as
例句 Example
The proposal has generated a lot of interest.
這項建議引起眾多的關注。

arise

13
中文翻譯
v.齣現，産生; （由…）引起; 起床，起身; 聳立; 奮起鬥爭; （隨靠近而）逐漸顯現
英文釋義
to begin to occur or to exist : to come into being or to attention
例句 Example
The peasants arose against their masters.
農民奮起反對奴役他們的人。

lipid

14
中文翻譯
n.<生化>脂質
英文釋義
any of various substances that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents (such as chloroform and ether), that are usually insoluble in water, that with proteins and carbohydrates constitute the principal structural components of living cells, and that include fats, waxes, phosphatides, cerebrosides, and related and derived compounds
例句 Example
And fish products are particularly susceptible to oxidation processes because of the high unsaturated lipid content.
尤其是魚産品,由於魚裏含有高不飽和脂質,所以它們對氧化特彆敏感.

ligation

15
中文翻譯
n.結紮，綁
英文釋義
an act of ligating
例句 Example
Methods: Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture operation.
方法; 結紮和刺破盲腸造成膿毒血癥.

express

16
中文翻譯
v.錶達，錶示; 不言自明; 擠齣; 快遞adj.明確的; 特快的; 用快遞寄送的adv.用快遞寄齣某物n.特快列車; 長途汽車; 快遞服務
英文釋義
to represent in words : state
例句 Example
As soon as I receive payment I will express the book to you.
我一收到款就把書用快遞給你寄去。

physiology

17
中文翻譯
n.生理學; 生理機能
英文釋義
a branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (such as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved
例句 Example
the department of anatomy and physiology
解剖生理學係

prebiotic

18
中文翻譯
adj.生命起源以前的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or being chemical or environmental precursors of the origin of life; also : existing or occurring before the origin of life
例句 Example
Levels of bifidobacteria in the faeces of the animals increased as a result of prebiotic supplementation.
在補充果寡糖益生元的老鼠糞便中雙歧杆菌的含量有所增加.

contain

19
中文翻譯
v.裝有; 包含; 遏製; 控製; 剋製
英文釋義
to keep within limits: such as
例句 Example
This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
這種飲料不含任何酒精。

strand

20
中文翻譯
n.（繩子的）股，絞; 海濱，河岸; （思想等的）一個組成部分vt.使滯留，使擱淺; 使陷於睏境vi.擱淺; 陷入睏境
英文釋義
the land bordering a body of water : shore, beach
例句 Example
a strand of wool
一股羊毛

propagate

21
中文翻譯
vt.繁衍，增殖; 使遺傳; 擴散; 使蔓延vi.繁殖; 擴大; [物] 通過媒介傳送
英文釋義
to cause to continue or increase by sexual or asexual reproduction
例句 Example
Television advertising propagates a false image of the ideal family.
電視廣告傳播著理想傢庭的一種假象。

propagation

22
中文翻譯
n.傳播，傳輸，蔓延，擴展，波及深度; 〔生〕繁殖法，〔地〕傳導; 宣傳; 培養
英文釋義
the act or action of propagating: such as
例句 Example
If a plant has spotted or crinkled leaves, do not use it for propagation.
如果植物的葉子有斑點或者萎縮，就不要用來繁殖。

eon

23
中文翻譯
n.(=aeon)世; 紀; 代; 無限長的時代
英文釋義
an immeasurably or indefinitely long period of time : age
例句 Example
Quality products, perfect service is the highest in China EON pursuit!
優質産品, 完美服務是EON在 中國的至高追求!

methane

24
中文翻譯
n.<化>甲烷，沼氣
英文釋義
a colorless odorless flammable gaseous hydrocarbon CH4 that is a product of biological decomposition of organic matter and of the carbonization of coal, is used as a fuel and as a starting material in chemical synthesis, and is the simplest of the alkanes
例句 Example
Next in line is methane from livestock and manure.
排名第二的是牲畜和糞肥産生的甲烷.

adapt

25
中文翻譯
v.（使）適應/適閤; 改編; 改造
英文釋義
to make fit (as for a new use) often by modification
例句 Example
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
這些式樣可以修改，以適應個人不同愛好。

meteorite

26
中文翻譯
n.隕星; 隕石; 隕鐵; 流星
英文釋義
a meteor that reaches the surface of the earth without being completely vaporized
例句 Example
The meteorite which devastated Tunguska is now estimated to have been about 50 metres across.
據猜測,毀滅通古斯的隕石的直徑有近50英裏.

carbonaceous

27
中文翻譯
adj.碳的，碳質的，含碳的
英文釋義
relating to, containing, or composed of carbon
例句 Example
Thin layers of sandy shale, and carbonaceous fragments are locally present.
局部齣現砂質頁岩薄層和碳質碎屑.

catalyze

28
中文翻譯
vt.催化，促進
英文釋義
to bring about the catalysis of (a chemical reaction)
例句 Example
Any unexpected circumstance that arises may catalyze a sudden escalation of violence.
任何突如其來的情況都可能造成暴力驟然升級。

improved

29
中文翻譯
adj.改良的v.改善，改進，提高( improve的過去式和過去分詞 ); 提高（土地、地産）的價值; 利用（機會）; 抓緊（時間）
英文釋義
to enhance in value or quality : make better
例句 Example
County north slope of the landscape in the middle Sichuan Nanshan.
縣境地貌南山北坡中間川.

compartment

30
中文翻譯
n.隔間; 隔層
英文釋義
a separate division or section
例句 Example
The desk has a secret compartment.
這書桌有一個暗格。

metabolism

31
中文翻譯
n.新陳代謝; 代謝作用
英文釋義
the sum of the processes in the buildup and destruction of protoplasm; specifically : the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated
例句 Example
The body's metabolism is slowed down by extreme cold.
嚴寒可以使身體新陳代謝的速度下降。

urey

32
中文翻譯
尤裏（姓氏； Harold Clayton, 1893-，美國化學傢，曾獲1934年諾貝爾化學奬）
英文釋義
Harold Clayton 1893—1981 American chemist
例句 Example
Could I have Dr. Urey, please?
請找尤裏博士接電話, 好嗎?

pentose

33
中文翻譯
n.戊糖
英文釋義
a monosaccharide C5H10O5 (such as ribose) that contains five carbon atoms in the molecule
例句 Example
Zymomonas integrant possess the ability to ferment pentose into ethanol.
一種能夠發酵戊糖生成乙醇的發酵單胞菌整閤體.

sequence

34
中文翻譯
n.[數]數列，序列; 順序; 連續; 片斷插麯vt.使按順序排列，安排順序; [生化]確定…的順序，確定…的化學結構序列
英文釋義
a hymn in irregular meter between the gradual and Gospel in masses for special occasions (such as Easter)
例句 Example
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
他描述瞭搶劫案發生前的一係列有關情況。

unimproved

35
中文翻譯
adj.（土地）未加改良的，未耕種的
英文釋義
not reproved or admonished
例句 Example
Taxes on unimproved land are low.
對未耕種的土地的稅收很低.

compose

36
中文翻譯
v.構成; 使鎮靜; 創作; 撰寫
英文釋義
to form by putting together : fashion
例句 Example
Ten men compose the committee.
委員會由十人組成。

discuss

37
中文翻譯
v.討論，商量; 闡述
英文釋義
to talk about
例句 Example
Have you discussed the problem with anyone?
你與誰商量過這個問題嗎？

bacterium

38
中文翻譯
n.細菌（復數為bacteria）
英文釋義
any of a domain (Bacteria) of chiefly round, spiral, or rod-shaped single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms that typically live in soil, water, organic matter, or the bodies of plants and animals, that make their own food especially from sunlight or are saprophytic or parasitic, are often motile by means of flagella, reproduce especially by binary fission, and include many important pathogens; broadly : prokaryote
例句 Example
Virus is smaller than bacterium living things, explains once bacterium, its creation, growth growth and structure.
病毒是比細菌小的生物, 解釋一下細菌, 它的産生, 生長,發育及結構.

encapsulate

39
中文翻譯
vt.封裝; 概述vi.形成囊狀物
英文釋義
to enclose in or as if in a capsule
例句 Example
The poem encapsulates many of the central themes of her writing.
這首詩是對她許多著作的核心主題的概括。

arisen

40
中文翻譯
v.呈現，齣現，發生( arise的過去分詞 ); （由…）引起; 起身; (arise的過去分詞)
英文釋義
to begin to occur or to exist : to come into being or to attention
例句 Example
A new crisis has arisen.
新危機已經齣現。

aaa

41
中文翻譯
abbr.American Automobile Association 美國汽車學會; Amateur Athletic Association 業餘體育協會
英文釋義
aaa battery
例句 Example
This week the huge euro - zone bail - out fund won a much - coveted AAA rating.
本周,龐大的歐元區 紓 睏基金贏得瞭備受覬覦的AAA評級.

experiment

42
中文翻譯
n.實驗; 試用v.做實驗; 嘗試
英文釋義
test, trial
例句 Example
Many people do not like the idea of experiments on animals.
許多人不贊成在動物身上做試驗。

cyanamide

43
中文翻譯
n.氨腈
英文釋義
a caustic acidic compound CH2N2
例句 Example
Calcium cyanamide is poisonous and irritating to the skin.
氰氨化鈣是毒性物質,對皮膚有刺激性.

involve

44
中文翻譯
v.包含，涉及; （使）加入; 錶明…
英文釋義
to engage as a participant
例句 Example
Any investment involves an element of risk.
任何投資都有一定的風險。

polymerization

45
中文翻譯
n.聚閤; 多項式
英文釋義
a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units
例句 Example
Anhydride - type curing agents require the application of heat to promote polymerization.
酸酐類固化劑則要求加熱以促進聚閤反應.

component

46
中文翻譯
n.組成部分，成分adj.組成的，構成的
英文釋義
a constituent part : ingredient
例句 Example
the components of a machine
機器部件

evolve

47
中文翻譯
v.（使）逐漸形成/演變; 進化
英文釋義
emit
例句 Example
The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic.
這種想法是從我在閣樓裏發現的一幅畫得到啓發的。

sibling

48
中文翻譯
n.兄弟，姐妹; [生]同科，同屬; [人]氏族成員
英文釋義
sib; also : one of two or more individuals having one common parent
例句 Example
squabbles between siblings
兄弟姐妹間的口角

diffusion

49
中文翻譯
n.擴散，傳播; 漫射
英文釋義
the state of being spread out or transmitted especially by contact : the action of diffusing
例句 Example
There are data on the rates of diffusion of molecules.
有關於分子擴散速度的數據。

enhance

50
中文翻譯
v.提高，增強; 改進
英文釋義
heighten, increase; especially : to increase or improve in value, quality, desirability, or attractiveness
例句 Example
software enhancements
軟件增強設備

driven

51
中文翻譯
adj.奮發努力的; 發憤圖強的; 受…影響的; 由…造成的v.駕駛（drive的過去分詞）
英文釋義
having a compulsive or urgent quality
例句 Example
a character-driven movie
以人物為主的電影

permeability

52
中文翻譯
n.滲透性; 磁導率; 可滲透性
英文釋義
the quality or state of being permeable
例句 Example
It is evident that the permeability is not a constant.
顯然磁導率不是常數.

replicating

53
中文翻譯
v.復製( replicate的現在分詞 ); 重復; 再造; 再生
英文釋義
duplicate, repeat
例句 Example
Applications create these partitions for storing and replicating data.
應用程序創建這些分區用來儲存和復製數據.

mediate

54
中文翻譯
vt.經調解解決; 斡鏇促成vi.調停，調解，斡鏇
英文釋義
occupying a middle position
例句 Example
The Secretary-General was asked to mediate in the dispute.
有人請秘書長來調解這次紛爭。

factor

55
中文翻譯
n.因素; 因子; 倍數; 係數v.把…因素包括進去
英文釋義
one who acts or transacts business for another: such as
例句 Example
economic factors
經濟因素

pose

56
中文翻譯
v.擺姿勢; 假裝; 炫耀; 引起; 提問n.姿勢; 裝腔作勢
英文釋義
to set forth or offer for attention or consideration
例句 Example
to pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk
構成威脅 / 挑戰 / 危險 / 風險

conundrum

57
中文翻譯
n.謎語; 難解的問題
英文釋義
an intricate and difficult problem
例句 Example
...this theological conundrum of the existence of evil and suffering in a world created by a good God.
在善良的上帝創造的世界裏存在著邪惡和苦難這一神學之謎

occur

58
中文翻譯
v.發生; 存在於
英文釋義
to be found or met with : appear
例句 Example
When exactly did the incident occur?
這一事件究竟是什麼時候發生的？

assume

59
中文翻譯
v.假設，認為; 承擔（責任）; 獲得（權利）; 呈現; 假裝
英文釋義
to take to or upon oneself : undertake
例句 Example
He assumed an air of concern.
他裝齣關心的樣子。

genome

60
中文翻譯
n.基因組，染色體組
英文釋義
one haploid set of chromosomes with the genes they contain; broadly : the genetic material of an organism
例句 Example
the human genome
人體基因組

represent

61
中文翻譯
v.代錶; 象徵; 維護…的利益; 相當於; 描繪; 正式提齣
英文釋義
to bring clearly before the mind : present
例句 Example
The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries.
這次比賽吸引瞭代錶8個不同國傢的500多名參賽者。

cytokinesis

62
中文翻譯
n.細胞漿移動，原漿移動
英文釋義
the cytoplasmic changes accompanying mitosis
例句 Example
Cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm after nuclear division ( mitosis or meiosis ).
胞質分裂:隨著核 ( 有絲分裂和減數分裂 ) 分裂之後的細胞質的分裂.

derive

63
中文翻譯
v.（使）起源於，來自; 獲得
英文釋義
to take, receive, or obtain especially from a specified source
例句 Example
The word ‘politics ’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘city ’.
politics一詞源自希臘語，意思是city。

isotopic

64
中文翻譯
adj.同位素的，閤痕的
英文釋義
any of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and nearly identical chemical behavior but with differing atomic mass or mass number and different physical properties
例句 Example
The isotopic signatures of most ancient limestones indicated the same process.
大多數古代石灰岩的同位素特徵說明瞭同樣的過程.

hydrosphere

65
中文翻譯
n.水圈，水氣，水界
英文釋義
the aqueous vapor of the atmosphere; broadly : the aqueous envelope of the earth including bodies of water and aqueous vapor in the atmosphere
例句 Example
Good ventilation and be beneficial for hydrosphere reeked, an keep foot clean and comfortable.
利於散發汗熱、透氣性強; 保持足部乾爽、舒適.

layer

66
中文翻譯
n.層，層次; 膜; [植]壓條; 放置者，計劃者vt.把…分層堆放; 藉助壓條法; 生根繁殖; 將（頭發）剪成不同層次vi.形成或分成層次; [植]通過壓條法而生根
英文釋義
one that lays something (such as a worker who lays brick or a hen that lays eggs)
例句 Example
A thin layer of dust covered everything.
所有的物品上都積瞭薄薄的一層灰塵。

pathway

67
中文翻譯
n.路，道; 途徑，路徑
英文釋義
path, course
例句 Example
Richard was coming up the pathway.
理查德正沿著小路走過來。

joyce

68
中文翻譯
n.喬伊斯（女子名）
英文釋義
James (Augustine Aloysius) 1882—1941 Irish writer
例句 Example
Joyce traipsed from one doctor to another, praying that someone would listen.
喬伊絲從一位大夫奔波到另一位那裏，期盼著有人會認真聽她的話。

remarkably

69
中文翻譯
adv.引人注目地，明顯地，非常地; 格外；齣乎意料地
英文釋義
in a remarkable manner
例句 Example
He was a remarkable man...
他是個不同尋常的人。

perform

70
中文翻譯
v.執行; 起…作用; 演齣; 錶現（好 / 不好）
英文釋義
to adhere to the terms of : fulfill
例句 Example
to perform an experiment/a miracle/a ceremony
做實驗；創奇跡；舉行儀式

scientist

71
中文翻譯
n.科學傢
英文釋義
a person learned in science and especially natural science : a scientific investigator
例句 Example
a research scientist
從事研究的科學傢

phos

72
中文翻譯
[醫]phosphate 磷酸鹽
英文釋義
a soup made of beef or chicken broth and rice noodles
例句 Example
Some suggestions on accelerating development of China's phos chemical industry are also proposed.
為促進我國磷化工的發展提齣瞭幾點建議.

microscopic

73
中文翻譯
adj.顯微鏡的; 用顯微鏡可看見的; 微小的; 細微的
英文釋義
resembling a microscope especially in perception
例句 Example
(humorous)The sandwiches were microscopic!
這些三明治小得都快看不見瞭！

chain

74
中文翻譯
n.鏈條; 手銬; 約束; 一連串; 連鎖店v.拴住，束縛
英文釋義
a series of usually metal links or rings connected to or fitted into one another and used for various purposes (such as support, restraint, transmission of mechanical power, or measurement)
例句 Example
(figurative)I've been chained to my desk all week (= because there was so much work) .
我整個星期都在伏案工作，脫不開身。

ricardo

75
中文翻譯
裏卡多（姓氏）; 李嘉圖; 戴維（英國經濟學傢）
英文釋義
David 1772—1823 English economist
例句 Example
Ricardo Bofill, the Catalan architect, has designed the revamped airport.
裏卡多·博菲利是一名加泰羅尼亞的建築師，這座整修過的機場就是他設計的。

enrichment

76
中文翻譯
n.豐富; 改進; 肥沃; 濃縮
英文釋義
to make rich or richer especially by the addition or increase of some desirable quality, attribute, or ingredient : such as
例句 Example
Books are an enrichment of life.
書籍乃充實人生之物.

ligate

77
中文翻譯
vt.結紮，綁
英文釋義
to tie with a ligature
例句 Example
At that time, it had only been demonstrated that RNA could cleave or ligate phosphodiester bonds.
當時隻能證明RNA可以切割和連接磷酸二酯鍵.

substrate

78
中文翻譯
n.底物; 底層; 基底; 基層
英文釋義
substratum
例句 Example
The proposed moisture - permeable and water - proof rubberized fabric consists of coating, substrate and textile.
所研製的透濕防水膠布的結構組成為覆蓋膠層 、 底塗膠層和紡織物層.