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📖 Chapter18

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總詞彙
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gene

1
中文翻譯
n.基因
英文釋義
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the structure of a particular polypeptide and especially a protein or controlling the function of other genetic material
例句 Example
a dominant/recessive gene
顯性 / 隱性基因

bind

2
中文翻譯
v.使緊密聯係，結閤; 約束; 捆綁; 裝訂n.窘境; 令人不快的事物
英文釋義
to make secure by tying
例句 Example
Add an egg yolk to make the mixture bind.
加個蛋黃使混閤料凝結在一起。

lactose

3
中文翻譯
n.乳糖
英文釋義
a disaccharide sugar C12H22O11 that is present in milk and yields glucose and galactose upon hydrolysis and yields especially lactic acid upon fermentation
例句 Example
Objective To approach the effect of lactose free feeding on infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
目的探討去乳糖飲食佐治小兒輪狀病毒腸炎的療效.

cro

4
中文翻譯
abbr.cathode-ray oscilloscope 陰極射綫示波器; contract research organization 閤同研究組織
英文釋義
a hominid of a tall erect race of the Upper Paleolithic known from skeletal remains found chiefly in southern France and classified as the same species (Homo sapiens) as present-day humans
例句 Example
The site should work cro - platform and be browser independent.
網站應該跨平颱,適應多種瀏覽器.

cooperative

5
中文翻譯
adj.閤作的，協作的; 配閤的n.閤作社，閤作機構
英文釋義
marked by cooperation
例句 Example
Cooperative activity is essential to effective community work.
要把社區工作做好，協作活動是必不可少的。

repressor

6
中文翻譯
n.抑壓者，鎮壓者
英文釋義
one that represses; especially : a protein that is determined by a regulatory gene, binds to a genetic operator, and inhibits the initiation of transcription of messenger RNA
例句 Example
The repressor is essentially a negative control mechanism.
阻遏物基本上是一種負控製機製.

promoter

7
中文翻譯
n.助長者; 發起人; 促進者
英文釋義
one that promotes; especially : one who assumes the financial responsibilities of a sporting event (such as a boxing match) including contracting with the principals, renting the site, and collecting gate receipts
例句 Example
She became a leading promoter of European integration.
她成為歐洲一體化的主要支持者。

signal

8
中文翻譯
n.信號; 紅綠燈v.發信號; 示意adj.重大的
英文釋義
sign, indication
例句 Example
a danger/warning/distress etc. signal
危險、警告、求救等信號

lysogenic

9
中文翻譯
adj.生成細胞溶素的; 生成溶胞素的; 溶原的; 産噬的
英文釋義
harboring a prophage as hereditary material
例句 Example
Lysogenic cells differ from sensitive cell in two other important respects.
溶源性細胞與敏感細胞還有兩點重要區彆.

activate

10
中文翻譯
v.使運作; 使起作用; 激活
英文釋義
to make active or more active: such as
例句 Example
The burglar alarm is activated by movement.
這防盜警報器一動就會響。

interaction

11
中文翻譯
n.一起活動; 閤作; 互相影響; 互動; 交流，溝通
英文釋義
mutual or reciprocal action or influence
例句 Example
While the other children interacted and played together, Ted ignored them.
當彆的孩子相互交流、一起玩耍的時候,泰德對他們不予理睬。

activator

12
中文翻譯
n.催化劑，觸媒劑
英文釋義
to make active or more active: such as
例句 Example
In a separate archive is the official localization and universal activator.
在單獨的存檔是正式的本地化和普遍激活.

repression

13
中文翻譯
n.壓抑; 約束; 抑製，鎮壓
英文釋義
the action or process of repressing : the state of being repressed
例句 Example
government repression
政府的壓製

regulator

14
中文翻譯
n.校準者，[機]調整器，校準器，調節器，[化]調節劑，[無綫]穩定器，調節基因，（鍾錶的）整時器，標準鍾; 管理者，調整者，整理者; 原則，標準; [英史]選舉調查[監視]委員，監管者
英文釋義
one that regulates
例句 Example
Congress is being asked to investigate why it took so long for government regulators to shut the plant down...
人們要求國會調查政府監管機構為何花瞭這麼長時間纔關閉該工廠。

regulate

15
中文翻譯
v.控製; 調節; 管理
英文釋義
to govern or direct according to rule
例句 Example
The activities of credit companies are regulated by law.
信貸公司的業務受法律的製約。

express

16
中文翻譯
v.錶達，錶示; 不言自明; 擠齣; 快遞adj.明確的; 特快的; 用快遞寄送的adv.用快遞寄齣某物n.特快列車; 長途汽車; 快遞服務
英文釋義
to represent in words : state
例句 Example
As soon as I receive payment I will express the book to you.
我一收到款就把書用快遞給你寄去。

dimer

17
中文翻譯
n.二聚物
英文釋義
a compound formed by the union of two radicals or two molecules of a simpler compound; specifically : a polymer formed from two molecules of a monomer
例句 Example
Methods: The plasma fibrinogen and D - dimer in pulmonary embolism patients were measured.
方法對經臨床確診為肺栓塞患者測定其血漿D - 二聚體與縴維蛋白原濃度.

induction

18
中文翻譯
n.歸納（法）; （電或磁的）感應; 誘發; 就職，就職典禮
英文釋義
the act or process of inducting (as into office)
例句 Example
His induction as a teacher was a turning point in his life.
他就任教師工作是他一生的轉摺點.

transcribe

19
中文翻譯
vt.（用不同的錄音手段）轉錄; 抄寫，謄寫; 改編（樂麯）（以適應他種樂器或聲部）
英文釋義
to make a written copy of
例句 Example
Clerks transcribe everything that is said in court.
書記員把在法庭上所有的話都記錄在案。

mutant

20
中文翻譯
n.突變體; 突變異種; 變種生物; 突變adj.突變的; 變異的; 變異所引起的; 經過突變的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or produced by mutation
例句 Example
a mutant gene
變異基因

initiate

21
中文翻譯
vt.開始，發起; 傳授; 創始，開闢; 接納新成員n.新加入某組織（或機構、宗教）的人，新入會的人; 被傳授初步知識的人
英文釋義
to cause or facilitate the beginning of : set going
例句 Example
to initiate legal proceedings against sb
對某人提起訴訟

sequence

22
中文翻譯
n.[數]數列，序列; 順序; 連續; 片斷插麯vt.使按順序排列，安排順序; [生化]確定…的順序，確定…的化學結構序列
英文釋義
a hymn in irregular meter between the gradual and Gospel in masses for special occasions (such as Easter)
例句 Example
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
他描述瞭搶劫案發生前的一係列有關情況。

directs

23
中文翻譯
v.（用建議、指示、有益的情報等）指導( direct的第三人稱單數 ); 導演（戲劇或電影）; 指示方嚮; 把…對準（某方嚮或某人）
英文釋義
to cause to turn, move, or point undeviatingly or to follow a straight course
例句 Example
Do not be surprised if, initially, she directs her anger at you.
如果一上來她就衝你發火，不必驚訝。

experiment

24
中文翻譯
n.實驗; 試用v.做實驗; 嘗試
英文釋義
test, trial
例句 Example
Many people do not like the idea of experiments on animals.
許多人不贊成在動物身上做試驗。

locate

25
中文翻譯
v.找到，探明，確定…的位置; 放置，設立，建立; 創辦於
英文釋義
to establish oneself or one's business : settle
例句 Example
The mechanic located the fault immediately.
機修工立即找到瞭齣故障的地方。

cooperatively

26
中文翻譯
adv.閤作地
英文釋義
marked by cooperation
例句 Example
The way of writing script cooperatively reduces anxiety on writing.
閤作編寫劇本的方式,幫助兒童減少寫作焦慮.

jacob

27
中文翻譯
索梯
英文釋義
a son of Isaac and Rebekah, the twin brother of Esau, and heir of God's promise of blessing to Abraham
例句 Example
Jacob Sinclair met his death at the hands of a soldier.
雅各布·辛剋萊在一名士兵的手裏送瞭命。

factor

28
中文翻譯
n.因素; 因子; 倍數; 係數v.把…因素包括進去
英文釋義
one who acts or transacts business for another: such as
例句 Example
economic factors
經濟因素

element

29
中文翻譯
n.要素，組成部分; 一群人; 些許; 〈化〉元素; 電熱元件; 風雨
英文釋義
any of the four substances air, water, fire, and earth formerly believed to compose the physical universe
例句 Example
She's really in her element at parties.
她在社交聚會上真是如魚得水。

discuss

30
中文翻譯
v.討論，商量; 闡述
英文釋義
to talk about
例句 Example
Have you discussed the problem with anyone?
你與誰商量過這個問題嗎？

switch

31
中文翻譯
n.（電路的）開關，閘，轉換器; 改變，轉變v.改變，轉變; 交換，調換; 調班
英文釋義
a slender flexible whip, rod, or twig
例句 Example
a light switch
電燈開關

recognize

32
中文翻譯
vt.認齣; 識彆; 承認vi.承認，確認; [法律]具結，立保證書
英文釋義
to acknowledge formally: such as
例句 Example
I recognized him as soon as he came in the room.
他一進屋我就認齣瞭他。

contain

33
中文翻譯
v.裝有; 包含; 遏製; 控製; 剋製
英文釋義
to keep within limits: such as
例句 Example
This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
這種飲料不含任何酒精。

quorum

34
中文翻譯
n.法定人數
英文釋義
the minimum number of officers or members of a body that is required to be present at a given meeting (as to transact business)
例句 Example
...enough deputies to make a quorum.
達到法定人數的足夠的代錶

mediate

35
中文翻譯
vt.經調解解決; 斡鏇促成vi.調停，調解，斡鏇
英文釋義
occupying a middle position
例句 Example
The Secretary-General was asked to mediate in the dispute.
有人請秘書長來調解這次紛爭。

gal

36
中文翻譯
n.女孩，少女
英文釋義
girl, woman
例句 Example
Diesel cost 60p/gal in some places.
在有些地方，柴油賣到每加侖60便士。

galactosidase

37
中文翻譯
n.牛乳糖; 半乳糖苷酶
英文釋義
an enzyme (such as lactase) that hydrolyzes a galactoside
例句 Example
Expression of the exogenous genes was confirmed by assay of � � - galactosidase and glucokinase activity.
基因的錶達通過β 半 乳糖苷酶和葡糖激酶活性測定得到確證.

encode

38
中文翻譯
vt.（將文字材料）譯成密碼; 編碼，編製成計算機語言
英文釋義
to convert (something, such as a body of information) from one system of communication into another; especially : to convert (a message) into code
例句 Example
The two parties encode confidential data in a form that is not directly readable by the other party...
雙方將機密資料加密，這樣對方就無法直接讀取資料。

adapt

39
中文翻譯
v.（使）適應/適閤; 改編; 改造
英文釋義
to make fit (as for a new use) often by modification
例句 Example
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
這些式樣可以修改，以適應個人不同愛好。

lysogeny

40
中文翻譯
n.溶原性，溶原現象
英文釋義
the state of being lysogenic
例句 Example
Lysogeny is a semi - permanent association between the phage and host chromosomes.
溶源性是噬菌體和寄生染色體之間的半永久聯閤.

trigger

41
中文翻譯
n.（槍）扳機; 起動裝置，扳柄; 引發其他事件的一件事; [電子學]觸發器，觸發電器vt.引發，觸發; 扣…的扳機; 發射或使爆炸（武器或爆炸性彈藥）
英文釋義
a piece (such as a lever) connected with a catch or detent as a means of releasing it; especially : the part of the action moved by the finger to fire a gun
例句 Example
to pull/squeeze the trigger
扣扳機

bend

42
中文翻譯
v.彎腰; （使）彎麯; 屈從; 拐彎; 篡改，歪麯n.拐彎處，彎道; 彎麯; 屈肢癥
英文釋義
to constrain or strain to tension by curving
例句 Example
The knives were bent out of shape.
那些刀已經彎麯變形瞭。

interact

43
中文翻譯
v.交流，互動; 相互作用
英文釋義
to act upon one another
例句 Example
Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
教師和每個孩子溝通的時間有限。

operator

44
中文翻譯
n.經營者; 操作員; 電話接綫員; 運算符
英文釋義
one that operates: such as
例句 Example
a computer/machine operator
電腦 / 機器操作員

particle

45
中文翻譯
n.微粒，顆粒; [數，物]粒子，質點; 極小量; 小品詞
英文釋義
a minute quantity or fragment
例句 Example
particles of dust
灰塵

examples

46
中文翻譯
n.例子; 榜樣( example的名詞復數 ); 例子; 樣本; 樣闆
英文釋義
one that serves as a pattern to be imitated or not to be imitated
例句 Example
The doctors gave numerous examples of patients being expelled from hospital.
醫生們列舉瞭大量病人被逐齣醫院的實例。

undergoes

47
中文翻譯
v.經曆，承受( undergo的第三人稱單數 )
英文釋義
to submit to : endure
例句 Example
The body undergoes many changes during puberty.
身體在青春期期間會發生許多變化.

induce

48
中文翻譯
vt.引誘; 引起; 勸說; 用人工方法引(産)
英文釋義
to move by persuasion or influence
例句 Example
Nothing would induce me to take the job.
沒有什麼能誘使我接受這份工作。

repress

49
中文翻譯
v.抑製; 鎮壓; 壓抑
英文釋義
to check by or as if by pressure : curb
例句 Example
to repress a smile
忍住不笑

prophage

50
中文翻譯
n.前噬菌體
英文釋義
an intracellular form of a bacteriophage in which it is harmless to the host, is usually integrated into the hereditary material of the host, and reproduces when the host does
例句 Example
Carrying a prophage within the cell. Used of a bacterium.
産''.'噬'.''的在細胞內帶有前''.'噬'. ''菌體的. 用於細菌.

evolve

51
中文翻譯
v.（使）逐漸形成/演變; 進化
英文釋義
emit
例句 Example
The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic.
這種想法是從我在閣樓裏發現的一幅畫得到啓發的。

depend

52
中文翻譯
v.取決於; 依賴
英文釋義
to be determined, based, or contingent
例句 Example
Starting salary varies from £26 000 to £30 500, depending on experience.
起薪為26 000至30 500英鎊不等，依個人經驗而定。

constitutive

53
中文翻譯
adj.構成的，製定的
英文釋義
having the power to enact or establish : constructive
例句 Example
This means that constitutive equations must be framed in tensor language.
這意味著建立本構方程必須采用張量符號.

basal

54
中文翻譯
adj.基底的，在底部的，基礎的
英文釋義
relating to, situated at, or forming the base
例句 Example
basal cells of the skin
皮膚基底細胞

overlap

55
中文翻譯
n.重疊部分; 覆蓋物，塗蓋層; [數]交疊，相交vt.重疊; 與…部分相同vi.互搭，重疊; 部分相同; [數]有與…共同的某物
英文釋義
to extend over or past and cover a part of
例句 Example
A fish's scales overlap each other.
魚鱗一片片上下交疊。

simultaneously

56
中文翻譯
adv.同時地; 一壁; 齊; 一齊
英文釋義
existing or occurring at the same time : exactly coincident
例句 Example
They all babbled simultaneously.
他們同時嘰裏咕嚕地說瞭起來。

pressor

57
中文翻譯
adj.血壓增高的，收縮血管的n.升高血壓的物質
英文釋義
raising or tending to raise blood pressure; also : involving vasoconstriction
例句 Example
The α _ 1 adrenergic receptor is also involved in the central HA pressor response.
此外,在中樞HA能的升壓作用中也有α1腎上腺素能受體的參與.

loop

58
中文翻譯
n.圈，環; [醫]宮內避孕環; 迴路; 彎麯部分v.（使）成環，（使）成圈; 以環連結; 使翻筋鬥
英文釋義
a curving or doubling of a line so as to form a closed or partly open curve within itself through which another line can be passed or into which a hook may be hooked
例句 Example
The road went in a huge loop around the lake.
那條路環湖繞瞭一個大圈。

recruit

59
中文翻譯
n.新兵; （機構中的）新成員; 新學生vt.招聘，徵募; 吸收某人為新成員; 動員…（提供幫助）; 雇用vi.徵募新兵; 得到補充，得到補償; 恢復健康
英文釋義
to fill up the number of with new members : reinforce
例句 Example
The police are trying to recruit more officers from ethnic minorities.
警察機關正試圖從少數民族中徵募更多的新警員。

lacy

60
中文翻譯
adj.有花邊的; 花邊狀的; 帶子狀的
英文釋義
resembling or consisting of lace
例句 Example
Set out the cakes attractively, using lacy doilies.
鋪上網眼墊紙，將蛋糕擺得誘人些。

galactose

61
中文翻譯
n.半乳糖
英文釋義
a sugar C6H12O6 less soluble and less sweet than glucose
例句 Example
Lactose gives glucose and galactose.
乳糖産生葡萄糖和半乳糖.

activates

62
中文翻譯
v.使活動，起動，觸發( activate的第三人稱單數 )
英文釋義
to make active or more active: such as
例句 Example
Activates the window and displays it in its current size and position.
激活窗口,保持當前的大小及位置不變.

introduce

63
中文翻譯
v.引進; 介紹; 初次瞭解; 主持; 推行; 創始; 將…提交討論; 添入
英文釋義
to lead to or make known by a formal act, announcement, or recommendation: such as
例句 Example
Can I introduce my wife?
我來介紹一下我的妻子。

mutation

64
中文翻譯
n.變化; 轉變; 突變; 變異
英文釋義
a significant and basic alteration : change
例句 Example
cells affected by mutation
受到突變影響的細胞

prokaryotes

65
中文翻譯
n.[細胞] 原核生物（prokaryote的復數）
英文釋義
any of the typically unicellular microorganisms that lack a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and that are classified as a kingdom (Prokaryotae synonym Monera) or into two domains (Bacteria and Archaea)
例句 Example
Bacteria: Group of microscopic, single - celled organisms that are prokaryotes.
細菌: 顯微鏡下纔可見到的原核生物, 為 單細胞 生物.

infect

66
中文翻譯
v.傳染; 使感染（計算機病毒/情感）; 影響
英文釋義
to contaminate with a disease-producing substance or agent (such as bacteria)
例句 Example
It is not possible to infect another person through kissing.
接吻不可能把這種病傳染給他人。

pattern

67
中文翻譯
n.模式; 範例; 圖案; 模型; 樣品v.構成圖案; 使形成
英文釋義
a form or model proposed for imitation : exemplar
例句 Example
changing patterns of behaviour
行為變化模式

lambda

68
中文翻譯
n.希臘字母的第 11個字
英文釋義
the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet
例句 Example
In this initial phase, nothing is inferred from arguments that are lambda expressions.
在初始階段, 不能從lambda錶達式參數推導齣任何東西.

nucleotide

69
中文翻譯
n.<生化>核苷酸
英文釋義
any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids (such as RNA and DNA)
例句 Example
The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
全酶還能識彆DNA雙鏈分子上的特定核苷酸序列 ( 起動基因 ).

plaque

70
中文翻譯
n.（金屬或石質的） 匾額; 匾牌; 牙斑; 牙菌斑; 斑塊
英文釋義
an ornamental brooch; especially : the badge of an honorary order
例句 Example
After touring the hospital, Her Majesty unveiled a commemorative plaque.
女王陛下巡視完這傢醫院後，為紀念匾揭瞭幕。

principle

71
中文翻譯
n.道德原則; 法則; 觀念; 理由; 定律
英文釋義
a comprehensive and fundamental law, doctrine, or assumption
例句 Example
He has high moral principles.
他很有道德。

stimulate

72
中文翻譯
vt.刺激; 激勵，鼓舞; 使興奮vi.起興奮作用; 起促進作用; 起刺激作用
英文釋義
to excite to activity or growth or to greater activity : animate, arouse
例句 Example
The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work.
展覽增進瞭人們對她作品的興趣。