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📖 Chapter20

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總詞彙
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gene

1
中文翻譯
n.基因
英文釋義
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the structure of a particular polypeptide and especially a protein or controlling the function of other genetic material
例句 Example
a dominant/recessive gene
顯性 / 隱性基因

mirna

2
中文翻譯
[地名] [剋羅地亞、斯洛文尼亞] 米爾納河
英文釋義
microrna
例句 Example
At present, the methods of identifying miRNA approximately be into the biological experiment and computer method.
目前鑒定微RNA的 方法大緻分為生物實驗方法和計算機識彆方法兩種.

silence

3
中文翻譯
n.寂靜; 緘口不言; 無音信v.使安靜; 壓製
英文釋義
forbearance from speech or noise : muteness —often used interjectionally
例句 Example
Their footsteps echoed in the silence.
他們的腳步聲在一片寂靜中迴蕩著。

rnai

4
中文翻譯
abbr.RNA interference 核糖核酸乾擾
英文釋義
rna interference
例句 Example
Thisstudy used RNA interference ( RNAi ) to detect the function of Wnt 5 band Fzd 4 during the adipogenesis differentiation processes.
最近研究又錶明Wnt傢族 分子與脂肪代謝有密切關係,本試驗應用 RNAi 的方法研究Wnt傢族 中的Wnt5b和受體Fzd4在脂肪代謝中的作用.

sequence

5
中文翻譯
n.[數]數列，序列; 順序; 連續; 片斷插麯vt.使按順序排列，安排順序; [生化]確定…的順序，確定…的化學結構序列
英文釋義
a hymn in irregular meter between the gradual and Gospel in masses for special occasions (such as Easter)
例句 Example
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
他描述瞭搶劫案發生前的一係列有關情況。

cod

6
中文翻譯
n.鱈魚; 鱈魚肉; 袋，包; 陰囊adj.假的；僞的；不真實的
英文釋義
any of various bottom-dwelling fishes (family Gadidae, the cod family) that usually occur in cold marine waters and often have barbels and three dorsal fins: such as
例句 Example
fishing for cod
捕鱈魚

regulate

7
中文翻譯
v.控製; 調節; 管理
英文釋義
to govern or direct according to rule
例句 Example
The activities of credit companies are regulated by law.
信貸公司的業務受法律的製約。

express

8
中文翻譯
v.錶達，錶示; 不言自明; 擠齣; 快遞adj.明確的; 特快的; 用快遞寄送的adv.用快遞寄齣某物n.特快列車; 長途汽車; 快遞服務
英文釋義
to represent in words : state
例句 Example
As soon as I receive payment I will express the book to you.
我一收到款就把書用快遞給你寄去。

mir

9
中文翻譯
n.米爾（沙俄時代的一種村社組織）
英文釋義
a village community in czarist Russia in which land was owned jointly but cultivated by individual families
例句 Example
The shuttle will spend five days docked with Mir.
航天飛機將和和平號對接5天。

transposon

10
中文翻譯
n.轉位子
英文釋義
a transposable element especially when it contains genetic material controlling functions other than those related to its relocation
例句 Example
So we started doing transposon mutagenesis.
於是我們開始做轉座子的突變發生.

worm

11
中文翻譯
n.蠕蟲; (動物或人體內)寄生蟲v.給(動物)驅腸蟲; 蠕動
英文釋義
earthworm; broadly : an annelid worm
例句 Example
birds looking for worms
覓食蠕蟲的鳥

generate

12
中文翻譯
vt.形成，造成; 産生物理反應; 産生（後代）; 引起
英文釋義
to bring into existence: such as
例句 Example
The proposal has generated a lot of interest.
這項建議引起眾多的關注。

inactivation

13
中文翻譯
n.滅活，失活，鈍化（作用）; 減化
英文釋義
to make inactive
例句 Example
This inactivation may be accomplished in a variety of ways.
這種失去活性作用能以多種方式來實現.

nucleotide

14
中文翻譯
n.<生化>核苷酸
英文釋義
any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids (such as RNA and DNA)
例句 Example
The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
全酶還能識彆DNA雙鏈分子上的特定核苷酸序列 ( 起動基因 ).

associate

15
中文翻譯
v.聯想，聯係; 使與（某個組織、事業或觀點）有關係; 公開支持; 與…交往n.同事，夥伴; 閤夥人adj.（錶示頭銜）副的，準的; 有關聯的
英文釋義
to join as a partner, friend, or companion
例句 Example
I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.
一聞到烘烤食物的味道我就想起瞭童年。

attenuation

16
中文翻譯
n.變薄; 弄細; 稀薄化; 減少
英文釋義
the act or process of attenuating something or the state of being attenuated: such as
例句 Example
Attenuation of light is in the form of absorption.
光是以吸收的形式衰減.

regulator

17
中文翻譯
n.校準者，[機]調整器，校準器，調節器，[化]調節劑，[無綫]穩定器，調節基因，（鍾錶的）整時器，標準鍾; 管理者，調整者，整理者; 原則，標準; [英史]選舉調查[監視]委員，監管者
英文釋義
one that regulates
例句 Example
Congress is being asked to investigate why it took so long for government regulators to shut the plant down...
人們要求國會調查政府監管機構為何花瞭這麼長時間纔關閉該工廠。

transcript

18
中文翻譯
n.抄本; 謄本; 打印本; 學生成績報告單
英文釋義
a written, printed, or typed copy; especially : a usually typed copy of dictated or recorded material
例句 Example
a transcript of the interview
采訪內容的文字稿

paz

19
中文翻譯
abbr.polyazine 聚吖嗪
英文釋義
Octavio 1914—1998 Mexican author
例句 Example
The plane went down somewhere between Quito, Lima, and La Paz.
飛機在基多 、 利馬和拉巴斯之間的某地墜毀.

strand

20
中文翻譯
n.（繩子的）股，絞; 海濱，河岸; （思想等的）一個組成部分vt.使滯留，使擱淺; 使陷於睏境vi.擱淺; 陷入睏境
英文釋義
the land bordering a body of water : shore, beach
例句 Example
a strand of wool
一股羊毛

codon

21
中文翻譯
n.密碼子，基碼
英文釋義
a specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis —called also triplet
例句 Example
Because of this coding relationship, triplet of bases is called a codon.
由於這種編碼關係, 堿基的三聯體被稱為密碼子.

identify

22
中文翻譯
vt.識彆，認齣; 確定; 使參與; 把…看成一樣vi.確定; 認同
英文釋義
to perceive or state the identity of (someone or something)
例句 Example
The Church became increasingly identified with opposition to the regime.
教會日益和反對政權的勢力走到一起。

inhibit

23
中文翻譯
v.抑製; 禁止
英文釋義
to prohibit from doing something
例句 Example
A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child.
缺氧可能阻礙胎兒的大腦發育。

cluster

24
中文翻譯
n.團，群，簇; 〈語音〉輔音從v.聚集
英文釋義
a number of similar things that occur together: such as
例句 Example
a cluster of stars
星團

recruit

25
中文翻譯
n.新兵; （機構中的）新成員; 新學生vt.招聘，徵募; 吸收某人為新成員; 動員…（提供幫助）; 雇用vi.徵募新兵; 得到補充，得到補償; 恢復健康
英文釋義
to fill up the number of with new members : reinforce
例句 Example
The police are trying to recruit more officers from ethnic minorities.
警察機關正試圖從少數民族中徵募更多的新警員。

slice

26
中文翻譯
n.薄片; 部分; 鍋鏟; 削球v.將…切成薄片; 切開; 麯打; 打齣弧綫球; 大量降低
英文釋義
to cut with or as if with a knife
例句 Example
a slice of bread
一片麵包

promoter

27
中文翻譯
n.助長者; 發起人; 促進者
英文釋義
one that promotes; especially : one who assumes the financial responsibilities of a sporting event (such as a boxing match) including contracting with the principals, renting the site, and collecting gate receipts
例句 Example
She became a leading promoter of European integration.
她成為歐洲一體化的主要支持者。

achieve

28
中文翻譯
v.實現，達到; 完成; 成功
英文釋義
to succeed at reaching or accomplishing (a goal, result, etc.) especially through effort
例句 Example
He had finally achieved success.
他終於獲得瞭成功。

mediate

29
中文翻譯
vt.經調解解決; 斡鏇促成vi.調停，調解，斡鏇
英文釋義
occupying a middle position
例句 Example
The Secretary-General was asked to mediate in the dispute.
有人請秘書長來調解這次紛爭。

depend

30
中文翻譯
v.取決於; 依賴
英文釋義
to be determined, based, or contingent
例句 Example
Starting salary varies from £26 000 to £30 500, depending on experience.
起薪為26 000至30 500英鎊不等，依個人經驗而定。

virus

31
中文翻譯
n.病毒; 病毒性疾病; 毒素，毒害; [計算機科學]計算機病毒
英文釋義
any of a large group of submicroscopic infectious agents that are usually regarded as nonliving extremely complex molecules, that typically contain a protein coat surrounding an RNA or DNA core of genetic material but no semipermeable membrane, that are capable of growth and multiplication only in living cells, and that cause various important diseases in humans, animals, and plants; also : filterable virus
例句 Example
the flu virus
流感病毒

mammal

32
中文翻譯
n.哺乳動物
英文釋義
any of a class (Mammalia) of warm-blooded higher vertebrates (such as placentals, marsupials, or monotremes) that nourish their young with milk secreted by mammary glands, have the skin usually more or less covered with hair, and include humans
例句 Example
Rabies is a viral disease usually transmitted by a bite from an infected mammal.
狂犬病是一種病毒病,通常是由被感染動物的咬傷傳播的.

bind

33
中文翻譯
v.使緊密聯係，結閤; 約束; 捆綁; 裝訂n.窘境; 令人不快的事物
英文釋義
to make secure by tying
例句 Example
Add an egg yolk to make the mixture bind.
加個蛋黃使混閤料凝結在一起。

transcribe

34
中文翻譯
vt.（用不同的錄音手段）轉錄; 抄寫，謄寫; 改編（樂麯）（以適應他種樂器或聲部）
英文釋義
to make a written copy of
例句 Example
Clerks transcribe everything that is said in court.
書記員把在法庭上所有的話都記錄在案。

archaea

35
中文翻譯
n.古生菌
英文釋義
usually single-celled, prokaryotic microorganisms of a domain (Archaea) that includes methanogens and those of harsh environments (such as acidic hot springs, hypersaline lakes, and deep-sea hydrothermal vents) which obtain energy from a variety of sources (such as carbon dioxide, acetate, ammonia, sulfur, or sunlight)
例句 Example
They include Bacteria, Fungi Archaea and Protista.
他們包括細菌, 真菌以及原生生物.

genome

36
中文翻譯
n.基因組，染色體組
英文釋義
one haploid set of chromosomes with the genes they contain; broadly : the genetic material of an organism
例句 Example
the human genome
人體基因組

infect

37
中文翻譯
v.傳染; 使感染（計算機病毒/情感）; 影響
英文釋義
to contaminate with a disease-producing substance or agent (such as bacteria)
例句 Example
It is not possible to infect another person through kissing.
接吻不可能把這種病傳染給他人。

cascade

38
中文翻譯
n.傾瀉; 小瀑布，瀑布狀物; 串聯vi.流注; 大量落下
英文釋義
a steep usually small fall of water; especially : one of a series
例句 Example
a cascade of rainwater
如注的雨水

recognize

39
中文翻譯
vt.認齣; 識彆; 承認vi.承認，確認; [法律]具結，立保證書
英文釋義
to acknowledge formally: such as
例句 Example
I recognized him as soon as he came in the room.
他一進屋我就認齣瞭他。

cis

40
中文翻譯
n.順式的
英文釋義
characterized by having certain atoms or groups of atoms on the same side of the longitudinal axis of a double bond or of the plane of a ring in a molecule
例句 Example
Weak indications of this link could be found with comparable cis - compounds.
在相應的順 式 化閤物中能夠發現這個鍵的微弱反映.

adapted

41
中文翻譯
adj.適閤的v.（使）適應， （使）適閤( adapt的過去式和過去分詞 ); 改編，改寫; 改變…以適閤(for); 適應於，適應不同情況（或環境）(to)
英文釋義
suited by nature, character, or design to a particular use, purpose, or situation —used with to or for
例句 Example
The camel's feet, well adapted for dry sand, are useless on mud.
駱駝的蹄子雖然非常適閤於在乾沙上行走，碰到泥濘時卻無計可施。

repeat

42
中文翻譯
v.重復; 復述; 反復說; 重復做; 重復發生; 留有餘味n.再次發生; 重播; 重復部分adj.迴頭客的
英文釋義
to say or state again
例句 Example
to repeat a question
重復一遍問題

derive

43
中文翻譯
v.（使）起源於，來自; 獲得
英文釋義
to take, receive, or obtain especially from a specified source
例句 Example
The word ‘politics ’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘city ’.
politics一詞源自希臘語，意思是city。

conserve

44
中文翻譯
v.保護，保存; 節約n.果醬，蜜餞
英文釋義
to keep in a safe or sound state; especially : to avoid wasteful or destructive use of
例句 Example
new laws to conserve wildlife in the area
保護該地區野生動物的新法令

establish

45
中文翻譯
v.創建; 建立（尤指正式關係）; 證實; 使被接受
英文釋義
to institute (something, such as a law) permanently by enactment or agreement
例句 Example
We need to establish where she was at the time of the shooting.
我們需要查實槍擊發生時她在何處。

centromere

46
中文翻譯
n.著絲粒著絲點
英文釋義
the point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis
例句 Example
The duplicates are attached to each other at a constricted region called the centromere.
對偶體彼此相連於稱為著絲粒的縮小的區域.

inactivate

47
中文翻譯
v.使不活潑，阻止活動
英文釋義
to make inactive
例句 Example
Moistened flakes are heated to inactivate the antinutritional factors.
濕潤的薄片需加熱,以鈍化抗營養的因素.

precursor

48
中文翻譯
n.前輩，前驅，先鋒，前任; 預兆，先兆，初期形式; [核]前驅波，初級粒子; 預報器
英文釋義
one that precedes and indicates the approach of another
例句 Example
Error is often the precursor of what is correct.
錯誤常常是正確的先導.

stimulate

49
中文翻譯
vt.刺激; 激勵，鼓舞; 使興奮vi.起興奮作用; 起促進作用; 起刺激作用
英文釋義
to excite to activity or growth or to greater activity : animate, arouse
例句 Example
The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work.
展覽增進瞭人們對她作品的興趣。

encode

50
中文翻譯
vt.（將文字材料）譯成密碼; 編碼，編製成計算機語言
英文釋義
to convert (something, such as a body of information) from one system of communication into another; especially : to convert (a message) into code
例句 Example
The two parties encode confidential data in a form that is not directly readable by the other party...
雙方將機密資料加密，這樣對方就無法直接讀取資料。

element

51
中文翻譯
n.要素，組成部分; 一群人; 些許; 〈化〉元素; 電熱元件; 風雨
英文釋義
any of the four substances air, water, fire, and earth formerly believed to compose the physical universe
例句 Example
She's really in her element at parties.
她在社交聚會上真是如魚得水。

pattern

52
中文翻譯
n.模式; 範例; 圖案; 模型; 樣品v.構成圖案; 使形成
英文釋義
a form or model proposed for imitation : exemplar
例句 Example
changing patterns of behaviour
行為變化模式

initiate

53
中文翻譯
vt.開始，發起; 傳授; 創始，開闢; 接納新成員n.新加入某組織（或機構、宗教）的人，新入會的人; 被傳授初步知識的人
英文釋義
to cause or facilitate the beginning of : set going
例句 Example
to initiate legal proceedings against sb
對某人提起訴訟

uncharged

54
中文翻譯
adj.沒有負荷的，無（負）載的
英文釋義
not charged; specifically : having no electric charge
例句 Example
Uncharged soluble organic materials can not carry a current.
不帶電荷的可溶有機物不能傳導電流.

adapt

55
中文翻譯
v.（使）適應/適閤; 改編; 改造
英文釋義
to make fit (as for a new use) often by modification
例句 Example
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
這些式樣可以修改，以適應個人不同愛好。

modify

56
中文翻譯
vi.被修飾; 修改vt.改變; 減輕，減緩; [語]修飾，（用變音符號）改變
英文釋義
to make less extreme : moderate
例句 Example
The software we use has been modified for us.
我們使用的軟件已按我們的需要作過修改。

amplification

57
中文翻譯
n.擴大; 〈電子〉 放大（率）
英文釋義
an act, example, or product of amplifying
例句 Example
The voice of despair may be weak and need amplification.
絕望的呼聲可能很微弱，需要擴大。

contain

58
中文翻譯
v.裝有; 包含; 遏製; 控製; 剋製
英文釋義
to keep within limits: such as
例句 Example
This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
這種飲料不含任何酒精。

slicer

59
中文翻譯
n.切薄片的機器，刨煤機; 開片機; 刨礦機; 切刀
英文釋義
to cut with or as if with a knife
例句 Example
He was regarded as possibly the best slicer in the business.
大傢公認他可能是業內最好的黑客.

inactivated

60
中文翻譯
v.使不活潑，阻止活動( inactivate的過去式和過去分詞 )
英文釋義
to make inactive
例句 Example
Molluscicides are quickly inactivated by sunlight and adsorption to mud organic matter.
滅螺劑因陽光作用、泥土及有機物質的吸收會很快失效.