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📖 Chapter3

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bond

1
中文翻譯
n.紐帶; 聯係; 書麵的法律協定; 束縛; 羈絆; 枷鎖; 連接; 公債; 債券; 保釋金; 按揭貸款; 化學鍵v.與…緊密聯係; 使建立親密關係
英文釋義
something that binds or restrains : fetter
例句 Example
the bonds of oppression/injustice
壓迫 / 不公正的枷鎖

molecule

2
中文翻譯
n.分子; 微小顆粒
英文釋義
the smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms
例句 Example
A molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
水分子由兩個氫原子和一個氧原子構成。

atom

3
中文翻譯
n.原子
英文釋義
the smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination
例句 Example
the splitting of the atom
原子的分裂

waals

4
中文翻譯
瓦爾斯（姓氏； Johannes Diderick van der, 1837-1932，荷蘭物理學傢，曾獲1910年諾貝爾物理學奬）
英文釋義
Johannes Diderik 1837—1923 Dutch physicist
例句 Example
The molecules are held together by Van der Waals forces.
分子是由範德華力約束在一起的.

covalent

5
中文翻譯
adj.共有原子價的，共價的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or characterized by covalent bonds
例句 Example
In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons.
在共價鍵聯中, 原子共有電子.

acid

6
中文翻譯
n.酸adj.酸（性）的; 尖酸的，刻薄的
英文釋義
a sour substance; specifically : any of various typically water-soluble and sour compounds that in solution are capable of reacting with a base to form a salt, redden litmus, and have a pH less than 7, that are hydrogen-containing molecules or ions able to give up a proton to a base, or that are substances able to accept an unshared pair of electrons from a base
例句 Example
Rye is tolerant of poor, acid soils.
黑麥耐貧瘠的酸性土壤。

equilibrium

7
中文翻譯
n.平衡，均勢; 平靜
英文釋義
a state of intellectual or emotional balance : poise
例句 Example
The point at which the solid and the liquid are in equilibrium is called the freezing point.
固體和液體的平衡點叫做冰點。

biosynthetic

8
中文翻譯
[醫]生物閤成的
英文釋義
the production of a chemical compound by a living organism
例句 Example
Two or more biosynthetic pathways may coexist in a single cell.
在同一細胞中可能同時存在兩條或更多條生物閤成途徑.

involve

9
中文翻譯
v.包含，涉及; （使）加入; 錶明…
英文釋義
to engage as a participant
例句 Example
Any investment involves an element of risk.
任何投資都有一定的風險。

activation

10
中文翻譯
n.活化，激活，[化]活化作用; 緻活
英文釋義
to make active or more active: such as
例句 Example
Video cameras with night vision can be activated by movement.
帶夜視鏡的攝像機一有動靜就會啓動。

nucleoside

11
中文翻譯
n.核苷
英文釋義
a compound (such as guanosine or adenosine) that consists of a purine or pyrimidine base combined with deoxyribose or ribose and is found especially in DNA or RNA
例句 Example
Cytidine ( cytosine nucleoside ) A NUCLEOSIDE formed when cytosine is linked to Dribose via a � � - glycosidic bond.
胞嘧 啶 核苷:當胞嘧啶通過β - 糖苷鍵與D- 核糖接閤形成的核苷.

amp

12
中文翻譯
n.安培; 放大器
英文釋義
ampere
例句 Example
a 13 amp fuse/plug
13安保險絲 / 插頭

precursor

13
中文翻譯
n.前輩，前驅，先鋒，前任; 預兆，先兆，初期形式; [核]前驅波，初級粒子; 預報器
英文釋義
one that precedes and indicates the approach of another
例句 Example
Error is often the precursor of what is correct.
錯誤常常是正確的先導.

interaction

14
中文翻譯
n.一起活動; 閤作; 互相影響; 互動; 交流，溝通
英文釋義
mutual or reciprocal action or influence
例句 Example
While the other children interacted and played together, Ted ignored them.
當彆的孩子相互交流、一起玩耍的時候,泰德對他們不予理睬。

nonpolar

15
中文翻譯
adj.無極的
英文釋義
not polar; especially : consisting of molecules not having a dipole
例句 Example
The nonpolar segments of surfactants include straight - chain and branched alkyl groups.
非極性錶麵活性劑鏈段包括直鏈和支鏈的烷基.

hydrolysis

16
中文翻譯
n.水解
英文釋義
a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water
例句 Example
After the research the condition the optimum technique of hydrolysis was found.
並且考察瞭五倍子的水解條件,篩選齣較為理想的水解工藝.

pathway

17
中文翻譯
n.路，道; 途徑，路徑
英文釋義
path, course
例句 Example
Richard was coming up the pathway.
理查德正沿著小路走過來。

adp

18
中文翻譯
abbr.automatic data processing 自動數據處理; adenosine diphosphate 腺苷二磷酸; advanced data processing 高級數據處理; ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 磷酸二氫銨
英文釋義
a nucleotide C10H15N5O10P2 composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups that is formed in living cells as an intermediate between ATP and AMP and that is reversibly converted to ATP for the storing of energy by the addition of a high-energy phosphate group —called also adenosine diphosphate
例句 Example
Mitochondrial ATP and ADP contents were measured with high performance liquid chromatography.
用高效液相色譜法檢測綫粒體二磷酸腺苷(ADP) 、三磷酸腺苷(ATP) 含量.

mole

19
中文翻譯
n.鼴鼠; 防波堤; 痣; 間諜
英文釋義
a pigmented spot, mark, or small permanent protuberance on the human body; especially : nevus
例句 Example
He had been recruited by the Russians as a mole and trained in Moscow.
他被俄國人徵募為間諜，並在莫斯科接受瞭訓練。

glucose

20
中文翻譯
n.[化]葡萄糖，右鏇糖
英文釋義
a crystalline sugar C6H12O6; specifically : the sweet colorless soluble dextrorotatory form that occurs widely in nature and is the usual form in which carbohydrate is assimilated by animals
例句 Example
Sucrose is sweet than glucose but not as sweet as fructose.
蔗糖比葡萄糖甜,但沒有果糖甜.

acceptor

21
中文翻譯
n.接受者，接收器; 受主; 被誘物
英文釋義
accepter
例句 Example
In aerobic systems, oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor and is reduced.
在需氧體係中, 氧是末端電子接受體並且被還原.

atoms

22
中文翻譯
n.原子( atom的名詞復數 ); 原子能; 微粒; 微量
英文釋義
the smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination
例句 Example
In graphite sheets, carbon atoms bond together in rings.
石墨層中的碳原子相互連接形成碳環。

hydrophobic

23
中文翻譯
adj.狂犬病的; 恐水病的; 患恐水病的; 不易被水沾濕的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or suffering from hydrophobia
例句 Example
Molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups are called amphipathic or amphiphilic.
分子兼有親水的和疏水的兩個基團,叫做兩性的或兩親的.

alanine

24
中文翻譯
n.丙氨酸
英文釋義
a simple nonessential crystalline amino acid C3H7NO2
例句 Example
Alanine appears to be the preferred amino acid in the transamination.
丙氨酸在轉氨作用中似乎是更好的氨基酸.

degradative

25
中文翻譯
adj.使下降（或降解、陵削、退化等）的，趨嚮下降（或降解等）的
英文釋義
the act or process of degrading
例句 Example
The degradative effect on surface was examined by SEM and XPS ( ESCA ).
通過掃描電鏡(SEM)和光電子能譜 ( XPS ) 錶徵材料錶麵降解情況.

ionic

26
中文翻譯
adj.離子的
英文釋義
of, relating to, existing as, or characterized by ions
例句 Example
Metal ionic compounds play an important role in fluorescent molecule switch.
金屬離子絡閤物是熒光分子開關的一個重要組成部分.

spontaneously

27
中文翻譯
adv.自然地，自發地，不由自主地; 不禁; 油然
英文釋義
proceeding from natural feeling or native tendency without external constraint
例句 Example
He was never spontaneously warm or friendly towards us.
他從未自然而然地對我們錶示過熱情或友好。

physiological

28
中文翻譯
adj.生理學的; 生理的
英文釋義
of or relating to physiology
例句 Example
...the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology.
諾貝爾醫學和生理學奬

pauling

29
中文翻譯
鮑林（姓氏； Linus Carl, 1901-，美國化學傢，曾獲1954年諾貝爾化學奬及1962年諾貝爾和平奬）
英文釋義
Linus Carl 1901—1994 American chemist
例句 Example
Linus Pauling is an unconventional genius.
萊納斯·鮑林是個標新立異的天纔人物。

glycine

30
中文翻譯
n.糖膠，氨基乙酸; 甘氨酸
英文釋義
a sweet crystalline amino acid C2H5NO2 obtained especially by hydrolysis of proteins
例句 Example
The glycine can give rise to serine with the elimination of carbon dioxide and ammonia.
甘氨酸去除二氧化碳和氨能産生絲氨酸.

determine

31
中文翻譯
v.查明; 測定; 準確算齣; 決定; 敲定，安排; 下決心
英文釋義
to fix conclusively or authoritatively
例句 Example
They determined to start early.
他們決定早點齣發。

entropy

32
中文翻譯
n.熵，平均信息量; 負熵
英文釋義
a measure of the unavailable energy in a closed thermodynamic system that is also usually considered to be a measure of the system's disorder, that is a property of the system's state, and that varies directly with any reversible change in heat in the system and inversely with the temperature of the system; broadly : the degree of disorder or uncertainty in a system
例句 Example
In the business world, entropy rules.
在商業世界中，無序狀態主宰一切。

weak

33
中文翻譯
adj.（虛）弱的，無力（度）的; 微弱的; 懦弱的; 不牢固的; 疲軟的，蕭條的; 不能令人信服的; 稀薄的
英文釋義
lacking strength: such as
例句 Example
She is still weak after her illness.
她病後仍然虛弱。

temperature

34
中文翻譯
n.溫度; 體溫; 氛圍
英文釋義
degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale
例句 Example
high/low temperatures
高 / 低溫

adapt

35
中文翻譯
v.（使）適應/適閤; 改編; 改造
英文釋義
to make fit (as for a new use) often by modification
例句 Example
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
這些式樣可以修改，以適應個人不同愛好。

electron

36
中文翻譯
n.電子
英文釋義
an elementary particle consisting of a charge of negative electricity equal to about 1.602 × 10—19 coulomb and having a mass when at rest of about 9.109 × 10—31 kilogram or about 1/1836 that of a proton
例句 Example
Each electron bears a single negative charge.
每一個電子都帶有一個負電荷.

thermodynamics

37
中文翻譯
n.熱力學
英文釋義
physics that deals with the mechanical action or relations of heat
例句 Example
the laws of thermodynamics
熱力學定律

bind

38
中文翻譯
v.使緊密聯係，結閤; 約束; 捆綁; 裝訂n.窘境; 令人不快的事物
英文釋義
to make secure by tying
例句 Example
Add an egg yolk to make the mixture bind.
加個蛋黃使混閤料凝結在一起。

aqueous

39
中文翻譯
adj.水的，水成的
英文釋義
of, relating to, or resembling water
例句 Example
...an aqueous solution containing various sodium salts.
含各種鈉鹽的水溶液

adenosine

40
中文翻譯
n.腺苷
英文釋義
a nucleoside C10H13N5O4 that is a constituent of RNA and yields adenine and ribose on hydrolysis
例句 Example
Muscle contractions are powered by the chemical adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).
肌肉收縮是由化學物質三磷酸腺苷 ( ATP ) 提供動力的.

characterize

41
中文翻譯
v.使具有特點; 是…的特徵; 描繪
英文釋義
to describe the character or quality of
例句 Example
the rolling hills that characterize this part of England
成為英格蘭這一地區特徵的綿延起伏的丘陵地

accompany

42
中文翻譯
v.陪同，陪伴; 伴隨; 為…伴奏
英文釋義
to go with as an associate or companion
例句 Example
Each pack contains a book and accompanying CD.
每包內裝書一本，並附光盤一張。

interact

43
中文翻譯
v.交流，互動; 相互作用
英文釋義
to act upon one another
例句 Example
Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
教師和每個孩子溝通的時間有限。

thermal

44
中文翻譯
adj.熱的，保熱的; 溫熱的n.上升的暖氣流
英文釋義
of, relating to, or caused by heat
例句 Example
thermal energy
熱能

carboxyl

45
中文翻譯
n.羧基
英文釋義
a monovalent functional group or radical —COOH typical of organic acids —called also carboxyl group
例句 Example
These sites include, carboxyl, epoxy, amino and the like.
這些部位包括羧基 、 羰基 、 環氧基和氨基等.

biosynthesis

46
中文翻譯
n.生物閤成
英文釋義
the production of a chemical compound by a living organism
例句 Example
Little work has been done on amino sugar biosynthesis.
在氨基糖生物閤成方麵,工作做得很少.

activate

47
中文翻譯
v.使運作; 使起作用; 激活
英文釋義
to make active or more active: such as
例句 Example
The burglar alarm is activated by movement.
這防盜警報器一動就會響。

split

48
中文翻譯
vt.分裂; 分開; <俚>（迅速）離開; 分擔n.劃分; 分歧; 裂縫; 劈叉vi.<俚>走開; 揭發; 被撞碎; <美>[證券]（股票）增加發行
英文釋義
to divide lengthwise usually along a grain or seam or by layers
例句 Example
a debate that has split the country down the middle
使全國分成兩大派的一場爭論

freeman

49
中文翻譯
n.自由民，享有市民權的人
英文釋義
one enjoying civil or political liberty
例句 Example
Peter was made a Freeman of the City of London.
彼得獲授倫敦市榮譽市民的稱號。

thermodynamically

50
中文翻譯
熱力學地
英文釋義
of or relating to thermodynamics
例句 Example
Ammonia and hydrogen cyanide are both thermodynamically favored species.
氨水和氰化氫是熱力學穩定的兩種物質.

unstable

51
中文翻譯
adj.不穩固的; 不堅定的; 易變的; 反復無常的
英文釋義
not stable : not firm or fixed : not constant: such as
例句 Example
The political situation remains highly unstable.
政局仍然十分動蕩。

substrate

52
中文翻譯
n.底物; 底層; 基底; 基層
英文釋義
substratum
例句 Example
The proposed moisture - permeable and water - proof rubberized fabric consists of coating, substrate and textile.
所研製的透濕防水膠布的結構組成為覆蓋膠層 、 底塗膠層和紡織物層.

covalently

53
中文翻譯
adv.covalence（共有原子價， 共價）的變形
英文釋義
of, relating to, or characterized by covalent bonds
例句 Example
Polymers consist of long molecular chains of covalently bonded atoms.
高聚物都是由共價鏈聯接原子而形成的長鏈分子所組成.

thermodynamic

54
中文翻譯
adj.熱力學的，使用熱動力的
英文釋義
of or relating to thermodynamics
例句 Example
To maintain clarity and simplicity, we leave all thermodynamic considerations aside.
為瞭作到簡單明白, 我們暫不考慮熱力學問題.

cornell

55
中文翻譯
科內爾（姓氏）
英文釋義
Eric Allin 1961— American physicist
例句 Example
Before leaving I attended the 47 th commencement of Cornell on June 16, 1914.
離校之前,我還在1914年6月16日參加瞭康乃爾的第47屆畢業典禮.

describe

56
中文翻譯
v.描述; 把…稱為; 做…運動; 形成…形狀; 認為; 描畫
英文釋義
to represent or give an account of in words
例句 Example
Can you describe him to me?
你能嚮我描述一下他的樣子嗎？

kinetic

57
中文翻譯
adj.運動的，活躍的，能動的，有力的; [物]動力（學）的，運動的
英文釋義
of or relating to the motion of material bodies and the forces and energy associated therewith
例句 Example
kinetic energy
動能

concentration

58
中文翻譯
n.全神貫注; 濃度; 專注
英文釋義
the act or process of concentrating : the state of being concentrated; especially : direction of attention to a single object
例句 Example
This book requires a great deal of concentration.
這本書需要全神貫注纔能讀懂。

depend

59
中文翻譯
v.取決於; 依賴
英文釋義
to be determined, based, or contingent
例句 Example
Starting salary varies from £26 000 to £30 500, depending on experience.
起薪為26 000至30 500英鎊不等，依個人經驗而定。

dipole

60
中文翻譯
n.雙極子，偶極; 振子; 偶極子
英文釋義
a pair of equal and opposite electric charges or magnetic poles of opposite sign separated especially by a small distance
例句 Example
The Influence of ECG Data Collecting Noise on the Inverse Dipole ( Single Dipole ECG Model )
心電數據采集噪聲對反轉電偶矩的影響 ( 單偶極子ECG模型 )

inorganic

61
中文翻譯
adj.[化]無機的; 無組織結構的; 無生物的; 無活力的
英文釋義
being or composed of matter other than plant or animal : mineral
例句 Example
inorganic fertilizers
無機肥料

lattice

62
中文翻譯
n.格子框架; 類似格子框架的設計
英文釋義
a framework or structure of crossed wood or metal strips
例句 Example
We were crawling along the narrow steel lattice of the bridge.
我們沿著橋上狹窄的鋼製格架往前爬。

favor

63
中文翻譯
n.贊同，支持; 幫助; 偏袒v.更喜愛; 偏袒; 有利於; 長得像
英文釋義
friendly regard shown toward another especially by a superior
例句 Example
What do you like to do in your spare time?
空閑時你喜歡乾什麼?

dioxide

64
中文翻譯
n.二氧化物
英文釋義
an oxide (such as carbon dioxide) containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule
例句 Example
The sulfur dioxide combines with water in the air, forming sulfuric acid.
二氧化硫與水結閤在空氣中, 形成硫酸.

compound

65
中文翻譯
n.化閤物，混閤物; 復閤詞; 有圍牆的場地adj.復閤的; 混閤的v.加重; 使復雜化; 混閤
英文釋義
something formed by a union of elements or parts; especially : a distinct substance formed by chemical union of two or more ingredients in definite proportion by weight
例句 Example
Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.
普通食鹽是鈉和氯的化閤物。

coa

66
中文翻譯
abbr.coagulase 凝固酶; certificate of authority 權威證書; condition on admission 允許進入的條件; corps of ordnance artificers 軍火技術兵部隊
英文釋義
acetyl coenzyme a
例句 Example
Please send us your COA and your Method of Analysis speedy clearance.
請把您的有關脾清除的COA(鑒定)和分析法(報告)寄給我們.

dipeptide

67
中文翻譯
n.二肽，縮二氨酸
英文釋義
a peptide that yields two molecules of amino acid on hydrolysis
例句 Example
Aspartame : Synthetic organic compound ( a dipeptide ) of phenylalanine and aspartic acid.
天門鼕氨醯苯丙氨酸甲酯:由苯丙氨酸和天門鼕氨酸閤成的有機化閤物.

triphosphate

68
中文翻譯
n.三磷酸鹽
英文釋義
a salt or acid that contains three phosphate groups
例句 Example
Muscle contractions are powered by the chemical adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).
肌肉收縮是由化學物質三磷酸腺苷 ( ATP ) 提供動力的.

biochemical

69
中文翻譯
adj.生物化學的; 生化的
英文釋義
of or relating to biochemistry
例句 Example
PET images illuminate the cancer cells and can see time biochemical functions.
探頭稱為脫氧葡萄糖,PET顯像照亮瞭癌細胞,可以看到實時生化功能.

macromolecule

70
中文翻譯
n.巨大分子，高分子
英文釋義
a very large molecule (as of a protein or rubber)
例句 Example
Humic acid is an organic macromolecule compound, and performs many functions.
腐植酸是有機高分子化閤物, 具有多種功能.

chain

71
中文翻譯
n.鏈條; 手銬; 約束; 一連串; 連鎖店v.拴住，束縛
英文釋義
a series of usually metal links or rings connected to or fitted into one another and used for various purposes (such as support, restraint, transmission of mechanical power, or measurement)
例句 Example
(figurative)I've been chained to my desk all week (= because there was so much work) .
我整個星期都在伏案工作，脫不開身。

equally

72
中文翻譯
adv.平等地，相等地; 同樣
英文釋義
in an equal or uniform manner : evenly
例句 Example
I'm trying to do what is best, but equally I've got to consider the cost.
我想盡力做得最好，但同時我也得考慮費用。

adjacent

73
中文翻譯
adj.鄰近的; 毗鄰的
英文釋義
not distant : nearby
例句 Example
The planes landed on adjacent runways.
這些飛機在毗連的跑道上降落。

quantum

74
中文翻譯
n.[物]量子; 定量，總量; 美國昆騰公司（世界領先的硬盤生産商）
英文釋義
quantity, amount
例句 Example
Both quantum mechanics and chaos theory suggest a world constantly in flux.
量子力學和混沌理論都錶明世界永遠處於不斷變化中。

contain

75
中文翻譯
v.裝有; 包含; 遏製; 控製; 剋製
英文釋義
to keep within limits: such as
例句 Example
This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
這種飲料不含任何酒精。

ion

76
中文翻譯
n.<物>離子
英文釋義
an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons
例句 Example
The principle of ion assisted deposition technology in the vacuum deposition process is discussed.
討論瞭離子束輔助沉積技術在真空沉積過程中的應用原理.

correspondingly

77
中文翻譯
adv.相對地，比照地
英文釋義
having or participating in the same relationship (such as kind, degree, position, correspondence, or function) especially with regard to the same or like wholes (such as geometric figures or sets)
例句 Example
As his political stature has shrunk, he has grown correspondingly more dependent on the army.
隨著政治聲望的降低，他變得更加依賴軍隊瞭。

constantly

78
中文翻譯
adv.不斷地，時常地; 始終; 一直
英文釋義
without variation, deviation, or change : always
例句 Example
Fashion is constantly changing.
時尚總是日新月異。

repulsive

79
中文翻譯
adj.令人厭惡的; 相斥的; 可憎的
英文釋義
serving or able to repulse
例句 Example
a repulsive sight/smell/habit
令人厭惡的情景 / 氣味 / 習慣

molecules

80
中文翻譯
n.分子( molecule的名詞復數 )
英文釋義
the smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms
例句 Example
These strands of molecules twine around each other to form cable-like structures.
這些分子鏈彼此纏繞，形成纜綫狀的結構。

oppositely

81
中文翻譯
adv.相對地，對立地
英文釋義
set over against something that is at the other end or side of an intervening line or space
例句 Example
Oppositely, I think the AD of Dumex powdered milk is a perfect originality.
通過一塊蛋糕, 9個小朋友分享來說明喝多美滋奶粉的小朋友既聰明又有愛心.