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📖 Chapter4

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strand

1
n.(繩子的)股,絞; 海濱,河岸; (思想等的)一個組成部分vt.使滯留,使擱淺; 使陷於睏境vi.擱淺; 陷入睏境
the land bordering a body of water : shore, beach
a strand of wool
一股羊毛

groove

2
n.溝,槽; [俚語]常規,老套:確定的規範; [俚語]理想狀況; [俚語]非常愉快的經曆
a long narrow channel or depression
a jazz groove
爵士樂節奏

bond

3
n.紐帶; 聯係; 書麵的法律協定; 束縛; 羈絆; 枷鎖; 連接; 公債; 債券; 保釋金; 按揭貸款; 化學鍵v.與…緊密聯係; 使建立親密關係
something that binds or restrains : fetter
the bonds of oppression/injustice
壓迫 / 不公正的枷鎖

writhe

4
vi.(因極度痛苦而)扭動或翻滾; 痛苦,苦惱; 蠕動,蜿蜒移動vt.扭動,轉動,弄歪; 盤繞,纏繞
to twist into coils or folds
She was writhing around on the floor in agony.
她痛得在地闆上直打滾。

topoisomerase

5
局部異構酶
any of a class of enzymes that reduce supercoiling in DNA by breaking and rejoining one or both strands of the DNA molecule
Topoisomerase I then ligates the PCR product in the correct orientation.
然後拓撲異構酶I將PCR産物按照正確的方嚮連接.

chain

6
n.鏈條; 手銬; 約束; 一連串; 連鎖店v.拴住,束縛
a series of usually metal links or rings connected to or fitted into one another and used for various purposes (such as support, restraint, transmission of mechanical power, or measurement)
(figurative)I've been chained to my desk all week (= because there was so much work) .
我整個星期都在伏案工作,脫不開身。

ethidium

7
n.溴乙非啶,溴化二氨乙苯啡啶
a fluorescent mutagenic biological dye C21H20BrN3 that is used especially to stain nucleic acids
Using ethidium bromide ( EB ) as a fluorescent probe, the binding of PB with DNA was studied.
以溴化乙錠作為與DNA結閤的熒光探針, 考察PB對其結閤體係的影響.

topological

8
adj.地誌學的; 拓撲(學)的
of or relating to topology
In nicer development topological features, we feel a kind of potential pressure.
在較好的發展形勢之中, 我們感受到一種潛在的壓力.

stack

9
n.垛,乾草堆; (一排)煙囪; 層積; 整個的藏書架排列; 書架vt.& vi.堆成堆,垛; 堆起來或覆蓋住; 洗牌作弊; 秘密事先運作
a large usually conical pile (as of hay, straw, or grain in the sheaf) left standing in the field for storage
a stack of books
一摞書

cleave

10
v.劈開; 緊貼; 迅速穿過; 信守
to adhere firmly and closely or loyally and unwaveringly
a ship cleaving through the water
破浪前進的船

negatively

11
adv.否定地; 消極地; 取消地; 負地
marked by denial, prohibition, or refusal; also : marked by absence, withholding, or removal of something positive
60 percent of the sample answered negatively.
抽樣調查中60%的接受調查者作齣瞭否定迴答。

gel

12
n.凝膠,凍膠; 定型發膠vi.形成膠體; 膠化
a colloid in a more solid form than a sol; broadly : jelly
Ideas were beginning to gel in my mind.
各種想法在我頭腦裏逐漸明朗起來。

relax

13
v.(使)放鬆,(使)鬆弛; 放心; 放寬
to make less tense or rigid : slacken
When I get home from work I like to relax with the newspaper.
我下班迴到傢裏,喜歡看看報紙,放鬆一下。

dnase

14
n.脫氧核糖核酸酶(亦稱DNase)
an enzyme that hydrolyzes DNA to nucleotides —called also deoxyribonuclease
Conclusion: The declined DNase activity may make the concentration of AnuA elevate in SLE.
結論: SLE患者中DNase的活性下降可能導緻血清AnuA的濃度升高.

conformation

15
n.構造
the act of conforming or producing conformity : adaptation
Concerning the disposal of cognition error of facts, this article affirms theory of abstract statutory conformation.
關於事實認識錯誤的處理, 應當主張抽象的法定符閤說.

axis

16
n.軸綫; 坐標軸; 軸心
a straight line about which a body or a geometric figure rotates or may be supposed to rotate
Mars takes longer to revolve on its axis than the earth.
火星自轉一周的時間比地球長。

wave

17
n.波浪,海浪; 心潮,風潮; (聲、光、無綫電等的)波; 衝擊波; 湧動的人/物; 揮手; (頭發的)波浪捲v.揮手(示意/指引); 揮舞; 飄動; 燙(發)
to motion with the hands or with something held in them in signal or salute
Huge waves were breaking on the shore.
巨浪拍打著海岸。

nick

18
n.刻痕; 缺口; 〈英俚〉監獄; 〈美俚〉五分鎳幣vt.刻痕於; 割傷; 挑毛病; 〈英俚〉逮捕vi.刻痕; 狙擊
a small notch, groove, or chip
He'll end up in the nick.
他早晚得進局子。

rejoin

19
vt.重新加入; 重返; 再迴答; 與…再會閤vi.重新會閤; 重新接閤; 答辯,迴答
to answer the replication of the plaintiff
to rejoin a club
重新加入俱樂部

chromosome

20
n.<生>染色體
any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism; also : the genetic material of a virus
chromosomal abnormalities
染色體畸形

linear

21
adj.直綫的,綫形的; 長度的; <數>一次的,綫性的; 通過單獨的若乾階段來發展
of, relating to, resembling, or having a graph that is a line and especially a straight line : straight
In his art he broke the laws of scientific linear perspective.
他在自己的繪畫藝術中打破瞭科學的直綫透視法規律。

bind

22
v.使緊密聯係,結閤; 約束; 捆綁; 裝訂n.窘境; 令人不快的事物
to make secure by tying
Add an egg yolk to make the mixture bind.
加個蛋黃使混閤料凝結在一起。

periodicity

23
n.定期,周期性; 周律
the quality, state, or fact of being regularly recurrent or having periods
Periodicity of nuclear properties began to show up.
原子核性質的周期性開始顯示齣來瞭.

denature

24
vt.使改變本性; 使變質; 使中毒
dehumanize
When these stabilizing interactions are disrupted, the molecules unfold or denature AND typically lose biological activity.
當這些穩定作用因素被破壞時, 分子就會展開或變性,並且通常失去瞭它的生物活性.

residue

25
n.殘餘,殘渣; 餘渣,殘餘物; [法]剩餘財産; [林]廢材
something that remains after a part is taken, separated, or designated or after the completion of a process : remnant, remainder: such as
pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables
殘留在水果和蔬菜中的殺蟲劑

hydroxyl

26
n.羥(基)氫氧基; 羥基
the chemical group, ion, or radical OH that consists of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen and is neutral or negatively charged
It will be more susceptible to attack by hydroxyl ion.
它更容易被羥基離子所作用.

sugar

27
n.食糖; 一匙糖; 寶貝兒,親愛的vt.在…加糖; 給…裹上(糖衣或類糖物)vi.形成糖int.(做瞭蠢事或齣現差錯時錶示懊惱,用作 shit 的委婉語)哎呀,真是的
a sweet crystallizable material that consists wholly or essentially of sucrose, is colorless or white when pure tending to brown when less refined, is obtained commercially from sugarcane or sugar beet and less extensively from sorghum, maples, and palms, and is important as a source of dietary carbohydrate and as a sweetener and preservative of other foods
a sugar plantation/refinery/bowl
甘蔗園;煉糖廠;糖罐

duplex

28
n.連棟式的兩棟住宅; 聯式房屋; 占兩層樓的公寓套房; 復式住宅
having two principal elements or parts : double, twofold
The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
全酶還能識彆DNA雙鏈分子上的特定核苷酸序列 ( 起動基因 ).

helix

29
n.螺鏇結構
something spiral in form: such as
Coil the fibre into a helix.
將縴維捲繞成螺鏇形。

mica

30
n.雲母
any of various colored or transparent mineral silicates crystallizing in monoclinic forms that readily separate into very thin leaves
Formulated with mica plate , marble, glued wood etc.
適用於大理石 、 崗岩、磚、地闆、地闆、氧地坪 、 磨石等錶麵清潔護理.

electrophoresis

31
n.電泳療法
the movement of suspended particles through a medium (such as paper or gel) under the action of an electromotive force applied to electrodes in contact with the suspension
Electrophoresis is a technique that separates macromolecules according to their net electrical charge and shape.
電泳是根據分子的靜電荷和形狀分離大分子的技術.

orientation

32
n.方嚮,定位,取嚮,排列方嚮; 任職培訓,新生培訓; (外交等的)方針[態度]的確定; 環境判定
the act or process of orienting or of being oriented
The course is essentially theoretical in orientation.
該課程的目標基本上是理論性的。

compose

33
v.構成; 使鎮靜; 創作; 撰寫
to form by putting together : fashion
Ten men compose the committee.
委員會由十人組成。

plasmid

34
n.質粒,質體
an extrachromosomal ring of DNA especially of bacteria that replicates autonomously
Objective To construct the plasmid expressing BDV p 40 gene.
目的構建博爾納病病毒p40基因重組錶達質粒.

relaxed

35
adj.(人)輕鬆的; 自在的; 無拘無束的; 舒適的adv.輕鬆地; 自在地; 舒適地; 隨便地vt.(使)輕鬆( relax的過去式); (使)鬆弛; 放寬; (使)放鬆vi.鬆散; 鬆弛; 放寬; 放鬆
freed from or lacking in precision or stringency
He appeared relaxed and confident before the match.
比賽前,他顯得鎮定而自信。

cleavage

36
n.分裂; [胚] 卵裂; 乳溝
the quality of a crystallized substance or rock of splitting along definite planes; also : the occurrence of such splitting
...the economic cleavages between the two regions.
那兩個地區之間的經濟差距

sequence

37
n.[數]數列,序列; 順序; 連續; 片斷插麯vt.使按順序排列,安排順序; [生化]確定…的順序,確定…的化學結構序列
a hymn in irregular meter between the gradual and Gospel in masses for special occasions (such as Easter)
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
他描述瞭搶劫案發生前的一係列有關情況。

twist

38
vt.扭成一束; 搓,撚; 繞,捲; 連結,交結vi.被搓揉; 蜿蜒,麯摺; 扭麯身體,扭動; 鏇轉,轉動n.揉搓之物; 絲綫; 煙草捲; 鏇轉
to unite by winding
Twist the wire to form a circle.
把鐵絲彎成一個環。

glycosidic

39
adj.糖苷的
any of numerous sugar derivatives that contain a nonsugar group bonded to an oxygen or nitrogen atom and that on hydrolysis yield a sugar (such as glucose)
The best characterized member of this latter group is a rhamnose - glucose - IAA glycosidic complex.
後一類物質中最有特徵性的成份是鼠李糖 - 葡萄糖-IAA糖苷復閤物.

acid

40
n.酸adj.酸(性)的; 尖酸的,刻薄的
a sour substance; specifically : any of various typically water-soluble and sour compounds that in solution are capable of reacting with a base to form a salt, redden litmus, and have a pH less than 7, that are hydrogen-containing molecules or ions able to give up a proton to a base, or that are substances able to accept an unshared pair of electrons from a base
Rye is tolerant of poor, acid soils.
黑麥耐貧瘠的酸性土壤。

occur

41
v.發生; 存在於
to be found or met with : appear
When exactly did the incident occur?
這一事件究竟是什麼時候發生的?

denaturation

42
n.改變本性,變性
dehumanize
This change is considered to be due to denaturation of the enzyme.
據認為這種變化是由於酶的變性作用造成的.

melt

43
v.(使)熔化,融化; (使)軟化; (情緒)消散; 與…融為一體n.奶酪三明治
to become altered from a solid to a liquid state usually by heat
The snow showed no sign of melting.
雪沒有一點融化的跡象。

tyrosine

44
n.<化>酪氨酸(存在於許多蛋白質中的親水氨基酸,對某些激素的閤成很關鍵)
a phenolic amino acid C9H11NO3 that is a precursor of several important substances (such as epinephrine and melanin)
The tyrosine phosphorylation of leptin receptor was revealed by immuno precipitation.
應用免疫沉澱法檢測瘦素受體的酪氨酸磷酸化程度.

schematic

45
adj.綱要的; 示意的; 嚴謹的; 有章法的
of or relating to a scheme or schema
a schematic diagram
略圖

purine

46
n.嘌呤,咖啡堿
a crystalline base C5H4N4 that is the parent of compounds of the uric-acid group
The substitution of a purine for a pyrimidine, or vice versa is a transversion.
嘌呤為嘧啶取代或嘧啶為嘌呤所取代,叫做顛換.

pyrimidine

47
n.嘧啶
a feeble organic base C4H4N2 of penetrating odor
The substitution of a purine for a pyrimidine, or vice versa is a transversion.
嘌呤為嘧啶取代或嘧啶為嘌呤所取代,叫做顛換.

enol

48
n.烯醇
an organic compound that contains a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom having a double bond and that is usually characterized by the grouping C=C(OH)
We have already met one series of specific enol equivalents.
我們已經遇到過一係列有特效的烯醇等當物.

adapt

49
v.(使)適應/適閤; 改編; 改造
to make fit (as for a new use) often by modification
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
這些式樣可以修改,以適應個人不同愛好。

correspond

50
v.符閤; 相當於; 通信
to be in conformity or agreement
Your account of events does not correspond with hers.
你對事情的陳述與她說的不相符。

interaction

51
n.一起活動; 閤作; 互相影響; 互動; 交流,溝通
mutual or reciprocal action or influence
While the other children interacted and played together, Ted ignored them.
當彆的孩子相互交流、一起玩耍的時候,泰德對他們不予理睬。

transient

52
adj.短暫的; 轉瞬即逝的; 臨時的n.臨時旅客; 瞬變現象; 候鳥
passing especially quickly into and out of existence : transitory
the transient nature of speech
言語的即逝性

protrude

53
vt.使突齣; 使伸齣vi.突齣; 伸齣
to jut out from the surrounding surface or context
protruding teeth
齙牙

expose

54
v.揭發; 使暴露; 使接觸
to deprive of shelter, protection, or care : subject to risk from a harmful action or condition
He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.
他突然一笑,露齣一口雪白的牙齒。

fragment

55
n.碎片; 片段,未完成的部分; (將文件內容)分段vt.(使)碎裂,破裂,分裂vi.破碎,碎裂
a part broken off, detached, or incomplete
Police found fragments of glass near the scene.
警方在現場附近發現瞭玻璃碎片。

slowly

56
adv.緩慢地
in a slow manner : not quickly, fast, early, rashly, or readily
to move slowly
慢慢移動

positively

57
adv.明確地; 斷然地; 肯定地
formally laid down or imposed : prescribed
The instructions were not just confusing, they were positively misleading.
這些指示不單令人迷惑,而且肯定會誤導人。

eukaryotic

58
adj.真核狀態的
of, relating to, or being an organism (as of the domain Eukarya) composed of one or more cells containing visibly evident nuclei and organelles : being or characteristic of a eukaryote
Mitochondria are present in all eukaryotic cells.
一切真核的細胞都有綫粒體.

topologically

59
[計] 拓撲地
of or relating to topology
That result means that topologically, the manifold in question is a 3 - sphere .
這個結果意味著就拓撲而言, 所研究的流形就是 三維 球.

wrap

60
v.包,裹; 用…繞住; 使文字n.披肩,圍巾; 包裹物
to cover especially by winding or folding
He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents.
他花瞭一個晚上的時間把聖誕禮物都包瞭起來。

mobility

61
n.流動性; 移動性; <社>流動; 機動性
the quality or state of being mobile or movable : ability or capacity to move
social/geographical/career mobility
社會地位 / 區域 / 職業流動性

circle

62
n.圓(圈); 環形物; 一圈…; (相同興趣、職業等的人形成的)圈子,界; 樓廳包廂v.盤鏇; 環行; 轉圈; 在…上畫圈; 圈齣
ring, halo
a large circle of friends
一大群朋友

nucleotide

63
n.<生化>核苷酸
any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids (such as RNA and DNA)
The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
全酶還能識彆DNA雙鏈分子上的特定核苷酸序列 ( 起動基因 ).

attach

64
v.把…固定; 附上,附加; 纏著; 重視; 附屬,賦予; 有關係
to take by legal authority especially under a writ
This does not attach any blame to you.
這事你一點責任也沒有。

consist

65
v.由…組成; 在於
lie, reside —usually used with in
The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
這座城市的美就在於它那些宏偉的建築。

keto

66
[人名] 凱托
of or relating to a ketone; also : containing the characteristic chemical group of a ketone consisting of a carbonyl attached to two carbon atoms
The level of TXB 2 and 6 - Keto - PGF 1 a inblood were measured by ARI.
采用放射免疫法(RAI)檢測血漿中TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1a水平.

carbonyl

67
n.碳酰基,羰基
an organic functional group or radical —CO— occurring in aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and their derivatives
The surface lipids undergo oxidation, generating many compounds containing hydroxyl and carbonyl groups.
錶麵的類脂物氧化後, 産生許多化閤物,包括羥基和羰基化閤物.

pairs

68
n.一副( pair的名詞復數 ); 一對男女; 套在一起的兩匹馬; 雌雄成對的動物v.(使…)成對, (使…)成雙( pair的第三人稱單數 ); 交配,交尾
two corresponding things designed for use together
72,000 pairs of hands clapped in unison to the song.
72,000雙手和著歌麯整齊劃一地打著拍子。

backbone

69
n.脊梁骨,脊椎; 分水嶺; 支柱; 決心,毅力
spinal column, spine
Agriculture forms the backbone of the rural economy.
農業是農村經濟的基礎。

compare

70
v.比較; 把…比作; 相比; 與…類似n.舉世無雙
to represent as similar : liken
Their prices compare favourably with those of their competitors.
他們的價格比競爭者的要優惠。

acceptor

71
n.接受者,接收器; 受主; 被誘物
accepter
In aerobic systems, oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor and is reduced.
在需氧體係中, 氧是末端電子接受體並且被還原.

dna

72
abbr.did not attend 沒有參加; does not answer 不迴答
any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular basis of heredity, are constructed of a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases which project inward from two chains containing alternate links of deoxyribose and phosphate, and that in eukaryotes are localized chiefly in cell nuclei
DNA fingerprinting has proved the clincher in this investigation.
在這次調查中,DNA指紋鑒定起瞭決定性的作用。

nucleosomes

73
[醫]核小體
any of the repeating globular subunits of chromatin that consist of a complex of DNA and histone
The nucleosomes are coiled into a solenoid structure.
核小體可以捲麯成螺綫管的結構.

reseal

74
vt.重新蓋印,重新決定
to seal (something) again: such as
To prepare the computer for the end user, click Reseal.
要為最終用戶準備計算機, 單擊“重新封裝”.

agarose

75
n.瓊脂糖
a polysaccharide obtained from agar and used especially as a supporting medium in gel electrophoresis
These liabilities prompted development of agarose and agarose - acrylamide gels.
這些不穩定性促使瓊脂糖和瓊脂糖 -- 丙烯酰胺凝膠的發展.

topology

76
n.地質學; 拓撲結構; 局部解剖學
topographic study of a particular place; specifically : the history of a region as indicated by its topography
The associated topology is the constructible topology on X.
相應的拓撲是X之上 的可構造拓撲.

component

77
n.組成部分,成分adj.組成的,構成的
a constituent part : ingredient
the components of a machine
機器部件

alternate

78
v.(使)交替,輪流adj.交替的; 間隔的; 備用的n.代替者,候補者; 代理人
occurring or succeeding by turns
Alternate cubes of meat with slices of red pepper.
交替放置肉丁和紅辣椒片。

linkage

79
n.聯係,連鎖,聯動,連接; 鏈係,聯動裝置; <電>耦閤,磁鏈,匝連; <化>鍵閤
the manner or style of being united: such as
This chapter explores the linkage between economic development and the environment.
本章探討的是經濟發展與環境之間的關係。

repeat

80
v.重復; 復述; 反復說; 重復做; 重復發生; 留有餘味n.再次發生; 重播; 重復部分adj.迴頭客的
to say or state again
to repeat a question
重復一遍問題

tautomeric

81
互變的,互變異構的
of, relating to, or marked by tautomerism
Presumably these are caused by the existence of tautomeric forms.
這可能是由於這些化閤物存在互變異構體所緻.

rarely

82
adv.少有地; 罕見地
not often : seldom
She is rarely seen in public nowadays.
如今她很少公開露麵。

align

83
v. 與…聯閤,結盟; 對準,校直
to bring into line or alignment
Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.
務必使擱架與櫥櫃頂端對齊。