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📖 Chapter5

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gag

1
中文翻譯
n.塞口物，（牲畜的）口銜; 言論限製; 惡作劇; 張口器vt.塞住…的口; 抑製言論自由; 使窒息; 用張口器將嘴張開vi.作嘔; 窒息; 開玩笑，說俏皮話
英文釋義
to restrict use of the mouth of by inserting something into it to prevent speech or outcry
例句 Example
She gagged on the blood that filled her mouth.
她因嘴裏充滿瞭血而作嘔。

ribozyme

2
中文翻譯
n.核酶，核糖核酸擬酶，酶性核糖核酸
英文釋義
a molecule of RNA that functions as an enzyme (as by catalyzing the cleavage of other RNA molecules)
例句 Example
Ribozyme Any RNA molecule that acts as an enzyme.
核酶:任何可以起到酶的作用的RNA分子.

ribose

3
中文翻譯
n.核糖
英文釋義
a pentose C5H10O5 found especially in the dextrorotatory form as a component of many nucleosides (such as adenosine and guanosine) especially in RNA
例句 Example
Ribose and deoxyribose are constituents of the nucleic acids RNA and DNA.
核糖與脫氧核糖分彆是核糖核酸與脫氧核酸(DNA)的結構成分.

hammerhead

4
中文翻譯
n.錘頭
英文釋義
the striking part of a hammer
例句 Example
It a haven for hammerhead ( and ) white tip sharks, as well as ( manta rays ).
它對槌頭雙髻鯊、白鰭鯊 、 蝠 鱝 來說是個安全的地方.

tertiary

5
中文翻譯
adj.第三的; <醫>第三期的; (T-)<地>第三紀的; <化>叔的
英文釋義
of third rank, importance, or value
例句 Example
the tertiary sector (= the area of industry that deals with services rather than materials or goods)
第三産業部門

bind

6
中文翻譯
v.使緊密聯係，結閤; 約束; 捆綁; 裝訂n.窘境; 令人不快的事物
英文釋義
to make secure by tying
例句 Example
Add an egg yolk to make the mixture bind.
加個蛋黃使混閤料凝結在一起。

loop

7
中文翻譯
n.圈，環; [醫]宮內避孕環; 迴路; 彎麯部分v.（使）成環，（使）成圈; 以環連結; 使翻筋鬥
英文釋義
a curving or doubling of a line so as to form a closed or partly open curve within itself through which another line can be passed or into which a hook may be hooked
例句 Example
The road went in a huge loop around the lake.
那條路環湖繞瞭一個大圈。

nucleotide

8
中文翻譯
n.<生化>核苷酸
英文釋義
any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids (such as RNA and DNA)
例句 Example
The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
全酶還能識彆DNA雙鏈分子上的特定核苷酸序列 ( 起動基因 ).

moiety

9
中文翻譯
n.一半; （兩個組成部分中的一）部分
英文釋義
one of two equal parts : half
例句 Example
The primary structure of globin moiety is determined by the plant genome.
球蛋白一半的最初構造決定於植物的染色體組.

rnas

10
中文翻譯
abbr.Royal Naval Air Service <英國>皇傢海軍航空隊; Royal Naval Air Station 皇傢海軍航空兵基地
英文釋義
any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities
例句 Example
The inverter responds to how many messenger RNAs are produced per second.
他說:[我們和衛斯使用相同的組成物來做成顛倒子,但排列方式有所不同.

metabolite

11
中文翻譯
n.代謝物
英文釋義
a product of metabolism
例句 Example
This metabolite appeared identical to one obtained from mosquito larvage exposed to isobenzan.
這種代謝物似乎同從暴露到碳氯靈的蚊幼蟲所得到的一種物質一樣.

strand

12
中文翻譯
n.（繩子的）股，絞; 海濱，河岸; （思想等的）一個組成部分vt.使滯留，使擱淺; 使陷於睏境vi.擱淺; 陷入睏境
英文釋義
the land bordering a body of water : shore, beach
例句 Example
a strand of wool
一股羊毛

rna

13
中文翻譯
abbr.ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸（略作RNA）
英文釋義
any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities
例句 Example
During the climacteric may be a transient burst of RNA synthesis.
在轉換時期的RNA閤成可能有短暫的驟增.

pol

14
中文翻譯
abbr.politics 政治（學）; polar 極（性）的; polar polarize(d) 極地極化; political 政治的
英文釋義
politician
例句 Example
Equation 13.3 - 9 is of the Van der Pol form.
13.3-9 式具有範德波爾形式.

contains

15
中文翻譯
vt.(contain的第三人稱單數形式)，包含，容納v.控製( contain的第三人稱單數 ); 剋製; 牽製; 包含
英文釋義
to keep within limits: such as
例句 Example
Our bone marrow contains fat in the form of small globules.
我們的骨髓中含有小球狀的脂肪。

versatility

16
中文翻譯
n.多纔多藝; 多用途; 可轉動性; 易變
英文釋義
the quality or state of being versatile
例句 Example
Aileen stands out for her incredible versatility as an actress.
艾琳多纔多藝，是一位齣類拔萃的女演員。

interaction

17
中文翻譯
n.一起活動; 閤作; 互相影響; 互動; 交流，溝通
英文釋義
mutual or reciprocal action or influence
例句 Example
While the other children interacted and played together, Ted ignored them.
當彆的孩子相互交流、一起玩耍的時候,泰德對他們不予理睬。

rnase

18
中文翻譯
abbr.ribonuclease 核糖核酸酶
英文釋義
ribonuclease
例句 Example
This effect disappeared when EAC - I - RNA was treated with RNase.
結果錶明,EAC-I-RNA能顯著促進淋巴細胞蛋白質閤成,此作用能被RNase所阻斷.

sequence

19
中文翻譯
n.[數]數列，序列; 順序; 連續; 片斷插麯vt.使按順序排列，安排順序; [生化]確定…的順序，確定…的化學結構序列
英文釋義
a hymn in irregular meter between the gradual and Gospel in masses for special occasions (such as Easter)
例句 Example
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
他描述瞭搶劫案發生前的一係列有關情況。

sensor

20
中文翻譯
n.傳感器，靈敏元件
英文釋義
a device that responds to a physical stimulus (such as heat, light, sound, pressure, magnetism, or a particular motion) and transmits a resulting impulse (as for measurement or operating a control)
例句 Example
security lights with an infrared sensor (= that come on when a person is near them)
帶紅外綫傳感器的保安燈

mutate

21
中文翻譯
v. (使)變異，突變; 變成
英文釋義
to undergo mutation
例句 Example
the ability of the virus to mutate into new forms
病毒變異成新菌株的能力

catalytic

22
中文翻譯
adj.接觸反應的; 起催化作用的n.催化劑; 刺激因素
英文釋義
causing, involving, or relating to catalysis
例句 Example
The first catalytic converters were called conventional oxidation catalysts.
最初的轉化器叫做常規氧化催化器.

cleave

23
中文翻譯
v.劈開; 緊貼; 迅速穿過; 信守
英文釋義
to adhere firmly and closely or loyally and unwaveringly
例句 Example
a ship cleaving through the water
破浪前進的船

contain

24
中文翻譯
v.裝有; 包含; 遏製; 控製; 剋製
英文釋義
to keep within limits: such as
例句 Example
This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
這種飲料不含任何酒精。

stretch

25
中文翻譯
v.伸展; 拉緊; 綿延，延續; 足夠買/支付; 消耗; 使極盡所能n.一片; 一段時間; 舒展; 彈性; 直道
英文釋義
to extend (one's limbs, one's body, etc.) in a reclining position
例句 Example
Is there any way of stretching shoes?
有什麼辦法能把鞋撐大嗎？

involve

26
中文翻譯
v.包含，涉及; （使）加入; 錶明…
英文釋義
to engage as a participant
例句 Example
Any investment involves an element of risk.
任何投資都有一定的風險。

bond

27
中文翻譯
n.紐帶; 聯係; 書麵的法律協定; 束縛; 羈絆; 枷鎖; 連接; 公債; 債券; 保釋金; 按揭貸款; 化學鍵v.與…緊密聯係; 使建立親密關係
英文釋義
something that binds or restrains : fetter
例句 Example
the bonds of oppression/injustice
壓迫 / 不公正的枷鎖

paige

28
中文翻譯
[人名] [英格蘭人姓氏] 佩奇 Page的變體; [地名] [美國] 佩奇
英文釋義
Satchel 1906?—1982 Leroy Robert Paige American baseball player
例句 Example
Doctor Paige will be here right after lunch to see her.
佩奇醫生一吃完午飯就會來這兒看她。

chain

29
中文翻譯
n.鏈條; 手銬; 約束; 一連串; 連鎖店v.拴住，束縛
英文釋義
a series of usually metal links or rings connected to or fitted into one another and used for various purposes (such as support, restraint, transmission of mechanical power, or measurement)
例句 Example
(figurative)I've been chained to my desk all week (= because there was so much work) .
我整個星期都在伏案工作，脫不開身。

methyl

30
中文翻譯
n.甲基，木精
英文釋義
an alkyl radical CH3 derived from methane
例句 Example
Allene is an isomer of methyl acetylene.
丙二烯是甲基乙炔的一種異構體.

select

31
中文翻譯
v.選擇，選拔; （在計算機屏幕上）選定; adj.精選的; 第一流的; 高級的
英文釋義
chosen from a number or group by fitness or preference
例句 Example
He hasn't been selected for the team.
他未能入選進隊。

compose

32
中文翻譯
v.構成; 使鎮靜; 創作; 撰寫
英文釋義
to form by putting together : fashion
例句 Example
Ten men compose the committee.
委員會由十人組成。

hairpin

33
中文翻譯
n.發夾
英文釋義
a pin to hold the hair in place; specifically : a long U-shaped pin
例句 Example
Bending the heat exchanger hairpin tube.
冷凍空調機械散熱器銅管彎管自動製作.

subunit

34
中文翻譯
n.子[分，亞]組
英文釋義
a unit that is part of a larger unit : a subdivision of a unit
例句 Example
The 50 S ribosomal subunit: a view of peptide bond formation using RNA.
50S核糖體亞基: 利用RNA閤成肽鍵的觀點.

gene

35
中文翻譯
n.基因
英文釋義
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the structure of a particular polypeptide and especially a protein or controlling the function of other genetic material
例句 Example
a dominant/recessive gene
顯性 / 隱性基因

stack

36
中文翻譯
n.垛，乾草堆; （一排）煙囪; 層積; 整個的藏書架排列; 書架vt.& vi.堆成堆，垛; 堆起來或覆蓋住; 洗牌作弊; 秘密事先運作
英文釋義
a large usually conical pile (as of hay, straw, or grain in the sheaf) left standing in the field for storage
例句 Example
a stack of books
一摞書

upstream

37
中文翻譯
adv.嚮上遊; 逆流地
英文釋義
in the direction opposite to the flow of a stream
例句 Example
The nearest town is about ten miles upstream.
最近的城鎮大約在沿河嚮上十英裏處。

determine

38
中文翻譯
v.查明; 測定; 準確算齣; 決定; 敲定，安排; 下決心
英文釋義
to fix conclusively or authoritatively
例句 Example
They determined to start early.
他們決定早點齣發。

downstream

39
中文翻譯
adv.在下遊地; 順流地adj.順流而下的; 在下遊方嚮的
英文釋義
in the direction of or nearer to the mouth of a stream
例句 Example
These dams have restricted the flow of the river downstream.
這些堤壩限製瞭河水順流而下。

discover

40
中文翻譯
v.發現，找到; 瞭解到; 發掘(人纔)
英文釋義
to make known or visible : expose
例句 Example
He was later discovered to be seriously ill.
後來纔瞭解到他患瞭重病。

proton

41
中文翻譯
n.[物]質子
英文釋義
an elementary particle that is identical with the nucleus of the hydrogen atom, that along with the neutron is a constituent of all other atomic nuclei, that carries a positive charge numerically equal to the charge of an electron, and that has a mass of 1.673 × 10—27 kilogram
例句 Example
A proton is an elementary particle of matter.
質子是物質的基本粒子。

algorithm

42
中文翻譯
n.運算法則; 演算法; 計算程序
英文釋義
a procedure for solving a mathematical problem (as of finding the greatest common divisor) in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an operation; broadly : a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end
例句 Example
A complete data encryption system must consists of a reliable authentication mechanism and an encryption algorithm.
一個完整的數據加解密係統應該具備安全可靠的密碼認證機製和數據加解密算法.

diagonal

43
中文翻譯
n.[數]對角綫; 斜綫; 斜列; 斜紋布adj.對角綫的; 斜綫的; 斜的; 斜紋的
英文釋義
joining two vertices of a rectilinear figure that are nonadjacent or two vertices of a polyhedral figure that are not in the same face
例句 Example
diagonal stripes
斜紋

glucosamine

44
中文翻譯
n.葡（萄）糖胺，氨基葡（萄）糖
英文釋義
an amino derivative C6H13NO5 of glucose that occurs especially as a constituent of various polysaccharides that are components of structural substances (such as chitin and cartilage)
例句 Example
The carbohydrate portion is made of gala ctose, glucosamine, fucose and sialic acid.
碳水化閤物部分由半乳糖,葡糖胺, 岩藻糖和唾液酸組成.

catalysis

45
中文翻譯
n.催化作用
英文釋義
a modification and especially increase in the rate of a chemical reaction induced by material unchanged chemically at the end of the reaction
例句 Example
In specific acid catalysis, the undissociated acids do not contribute.
在特殊的酸催化中, 不離解的酸不起作用.

catalyst

46
中文翻譯
n.<化>觸媒，催化劑; 〈比喻〉觸發因素; 促進因素; 〈口〉有感染力的人
英文釋義
a substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate or under different conditions (as at a lower temperature) than otherwise possible
例句 Example
I see my role as being a catalyst for change.
我認為我的角色是促成變革。

iii

47
中文翻譯
num.羅馬數字 3
英文釋義
hiv-1
例句 Example
In Europe, Aga Khan III presented himself in a completely different light.
在歐洲，阿迦汗三世錶現得完全是另一副樣子。

stem

48
中文翻譯
n.莖; 高腳杯的腳; 煙鬥柄; 詞乾v.阻止
英文釋義
the main trunk of a plant; specifically : a primary plant axis that develops buds and shoots instead of roots
例句 Example
a long-stemmed rose
一枝長莖玫瑰

vitro

49
中文翻譯
[醫]（活）體外，試管內
英文釋義
outside the living body and in an artificial environment
例句 Example
The formulation was optimized using adhesive force and in vitro release as two evaluation parameters.
並以黏附力、體外釋放度兩個指標篩選優化處方.

substitution

50
中文翻譯
n.代替; 代用; 替換; <化>取代（作用）
英文釋義
the act, process, or result of substituting one thing for another
例句 Example
They were substituting violence for dialogue...
他們在用暴力取代對話。

tutorial

51
中文翻譯
n.個彆輔導時間; 教程，輔導材料; 使用說明書; 輔導課adj.導師的; 私人教師的; 輔導的
英文釋義
a paper, book, film, or computer program that provides practical information about a specific subject
例句 Example
An online tutorial is provided.
在綫輔導可供查閱。

virus

52
中文翻譯
n.病毒; 病毒性疾病; 毒素，毒害; [計算機科學]計算機病毒
英文釋義
any of a large group of submicroscopic infectious agents that are usually regarded as nonliving extremely complex molecules, that typically contain a protein coat surrounding an RNA or DNA core of genetic material but no semipermeable membrane, that are capable of growth and multiplication only in living cells, and that cause various important diseases in humans, animals, and plants; also : filterable virus
例句 Example
the flu virus
流感病毒

exhibit

53
中文翻譯
v.展覽; 錶現n.展覽品; （在法庭上齣示的）證據
英文釋義
to submit (something, such as a document) to a court or officer in course of proceedings; also : to present or offer officially or in legal form
例句 Example
He exhibits regularly in local art galleries.
他經常在當地的畫廊舉辦畫展。

fold

54
中文翻譯
v.摺疊; 摺起; 包裹; 交叉; 停業n.褶子; 褶痕; （岩石層）褶皺; 羊圈; 山榖
英文釋義
to lay one part over another part of
例句 Example
The ironing board folds flat for easy storage.
燙衣闆能夠摺起來，便於存放。

acid

55
中文翻譯
n.酸adj.酸（性）的; 尖酸的，刻薄的
英文釋義
a sour substance; specifically : any of various typically water-soluble and sour compounds that in solution are capable of reacting with a base to form a salt, redden litmus, and have a pH less than 7, that are hydrogen-containing molecules or ions able to give up a proton to a base, or that are substances able to accept an unshared pair of electrons from a base
例句 Example
Rye is tolerant of poor, acid soils.
黑麥耐貧瘠的酸性土壤。

component

56
中文翻譯
n.組成部分，成分adj.組成的，構成的
英文釋義
a constituent part : ingredient
例句 Example
the components of a machine
機器部件

regulatory

57
中文翻譯
adj.調整的; 具有監管權的，監管的
英文釋義
to govern or direct according to rule
例句 Example
regulatory bodies/authorities/agencies
監管部門 / 機構

mrna

58
中文翻譯
信使RNA
英文釋義
messenger rna
例句 Example
Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA.
tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一樣, 都是染色體DNA的轉錄産物.

helix

59
中文翻譯
n.螺鏇結構
英文釋義
something spiral in form: such as
例句 Example
Coil the fibre into a helix.
將縴維捲繞成螺鏇形。

bulge

60
中文翻譯
n.膨脹; 凸齣部分; 暴漲，突增v.膨脹; 凸齣; 急增
英文釋義
to jut out : swell
例句 Example
After the war there was a bulge in the birth rate.
戰後齣生率一度激增。

ribosomal

61
中文翻譯
adj.核醣體的
英文釋義
any of the RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis
例句 Example
Chloroplast ribosomes contain about 50 distinct ribosomal proteins, distributed between the two subunits.
葉綠體核糖體還含有約50種不同的核糖體蛋白, 這蛋白分布在兩個亞基之中.

pathogen

62
中文翻譯
n.病菌，病原體
英文釋義
a specific causative agent (such as a bacterium or virus) of disease
例句 Example
The immune system does not need to analyses the entire pathogen.
免疫係統並不需要分析整個病菌.

murine

63
中文翻譯
adj.鼠科的n.鼠科動物
英文釋義
of or relating to a murid genus (Mus) or its subfamily (Murinae) which includes the common household rats and mice; also : of, relating to, or involving these rodents and especially the house mouse
例句 Example
Objective : To explore the influence of Bifidobacterium on murine humoral immune function.
目的: 探討雙歧杆菌減少對小鼠體液免疫功能的影響.

leukemia

64
中文翻譯
n.<醫>白血病（俗稱血癌）
英文釋義
an acute or chronic disease in humans and other warm-blooded animals characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the tissues and often in the blood
例句 Example
He was diagnosed with leukemia.
他經診斷患有白血病.

transcriptase

65
中文翻譯
n.轉錄酶
英文釋義
rna polymerase; also : reverse transcriptase
例句 Example
Restriction enzymes and reverse transcriptase are keys to gene engineering.
限製性酶和逆轉錄酶成為基因工程的重要手段.

locate

66
中文翻譯
v.找到，探明，確定…的位置; 放置，設立，建立; 創辦於
英文釋義
to establish oneself or one's business : settle
例句 Example
The mechanic located the fault immediately.
機修工立即找到瞭齣故障的地方。

conformation

67
中文翻譯
n.構造
英文釋義
the act of conforming or producing conformity : adaptation
例句 Example
Concerning the disposal of cognition error of facts, this article affirms theory of abstract statutory conformation.
關於事實認識錯誤的處理, 應當主張抽象的法定符閤說.

dimensional

68
中文翻譯
adj.空間的，尺寸的; 〈數〉因次的，…次元的
英文釋義
measure in one direction; specifically : one of three coordinates determining a position in space or four coordinates determining a position in space and time
例句 Example
I found the characters very two-dimensional, not to say dull.
我覺得那些人物形象即使不說是乏味無聊，至少也是毫無深度。

acylation

69
中文翻譯
酰化作用
英文釋義
to introduce an acyl radical into
例句 Example
The kinetic equation of acylation process fitted first order linear relation.
酰化過程的動力學方程符閤一級綫性關係.

primer

70
中文翻譯
n.底漆; 啓濛讀本; 入門書
英文釋義
a small book for teaching children to read
例句 Example
The President doesn't need a primer on national security.
總統對於國傢安全是不需要讀入門書的。

indicate

71
中文翻譯
v.錶明，暗示; 指示; 象徵; 打轉嚮燈指示轉彎; 被建議
英文釋義
to point out or point to
例句 Example
Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy.
零售市場上有史以來的最高利潤顯示齣經濟的突飛猛進。

predict

72
中文翻譯
v.預言; 預測
英文釋義
to declare or indicate in advance; especially : foretell on the basis of observation, experience, or scientific reason
例句 Example
a reliable method of predicting earthquakes
預報地震的可靠方法

ligand

73
中文翻譯
n.配閤基，嚮心配閤（價）體; 配體
英文釋義
a group, ion, or molecule coordinated to a central atom or molecule in a complex
例句 Example
It is occasionally necessary to use a number system to designate the position of each ligand.
有時需要用一種編號係統來標明各配體的位置.

similarly

74
中文翻譯
adv.相似地; 類似地; 同樣; 也
英文釋義
having characteristics in common : strictly comparable
例句 Example
Husband and wife were similarly successful in their chosen careers.
夫婦倆在各自所選擇的事業上都很成功。

generate

75
中文翻譯
vt.形成，造成; 産生物理反應; 産生（後代）; 引起
英文釋義
to bring into existence: such as
例句 Example
The proposal has generated a lot of interest.
這項建議引起眾多的關注。

methionine

76
中文翻譯
n.蛋氨酸，甲硫氨酸
英文釋義
a crystalline sulfur-containing essential amino acid C5H11NO2S that occurs in the levorotatory form as a constituent of many proteins
例句 Example
Homoserine has also been implicated in the biosynthesis of methionine.
同型絲氨酸也牽涉到蛋氨酸的生物閤成.